M'banja la cacti mungapeze mtundu ngati Epiphyllum. Iwo anapezeka mu 1812, chifukwa dzina lake lachigriki linagwiritsidwa ntchito, limene kumasulira limatanthauza "pa" kapena "pamwamba" ndi "tsamba", ndipo Adrian Havort anachita. Choncho, anagogomezedwa kuti pamasamba a zomera ndiwo maluwa okoma. Ngakhale kuti si, si maluwa, koma zimayambira zomwe zasintha.
Mu mtundu wa epiphyllums, mukhoza kuwerengera pafupifupi mitundu 20 ya zomera zomwe zafalikira ku America ambiri, kuchokera ku Mexico kupita ku zozizira. Amakhala ndi zitsamba zokhala ndi zitsamba zokhala ndi zokwawa, zokhala ndi zamoyo zam'madzi, zomwe zimakhala ndi tsamba; m'mphepete pa pepala ndi zolemba. Mu grooves ya mphukira zikuwoneka mamba ang'onoang'ono - izi ndizo zam'tsogolo. Maluwa a chomerachi ndi aakulu, ali ndi mawonekedwe a chingwe, ndi maluwa ambiri a maluwa; fungo la maluwa ndi lamphamvu kwambiri.
Epiphyllum ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana: kuchokera koyela oyera ndi zonona, ku mithunzi yofiira ndi yofiira; koma alibe maluwa okongola. Maluwa a chomera ichi ndi okongola kwambiri moti amawatcha orchid pakati pa cacti.
Pamene mukukula m'nyumba, ngakhale pamene mungu umapangidwira, chomeracho chingakhale ndi zipatso zazikulu. Zipatso zili ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wobiriwira, zimadalira duwa lokha; Nthawi zambiri chipatsocho chimadzazidwa ndi mitsempha. Mnofu uli ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kolimba, koma kukoma kumakhala ngati kusakaniza kwa chinanazi ndi strawberries.
Pali pafupifupi mazana awiri hybrids a epiphyllums, molakwika amatchedwa phylocactuses. Chotero cacti ndizoyenera kukongoletsera monga nyimbo zamakono.
Kusamalira mbewu
Kuunikira. Mapuloteni epiphyllum amakonda kuwala kowala komanso kowala, ngakhale kuti penumbra kwa iwo si cholepheretsa. Koma popanda kusowa kuwala, kukula kungachepetse kapena zimayambira zikhoza kukhala zachikasu. Zimakula bwino kumadzulo ndi kummawa, pamene kumpoto pachimake sizingakhale zolimba, ndipo kum'mwera pamthunzi wa mdima amafunika. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, ndi bwino kuwonetsa epiphyllum mpweya wabwino, malo omwe muli kuwala kochuluka, koma palibe dzuwa lenileni.
Kutentha kwa boma. Ngati tilankhula za kutentha, ndiye kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe amakonda kutentha kwa 20-25C. Ndipo kwa nthawi yonseyi, kutentha kumatsika kwambiri mpaka 10-15 ° C.
Kuthirira. Zomera za epiphyllum nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa cacti wa nkhalango zouma, choncho zimafuna madzi okwanira; Ndikofunika kuti nthaka ikhale yozizira nthawi zonse, mwachitsanzo. madzi, mwamsanga pamene dothi lopanda pamwamba lauma. Ndi zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira ndi ofunda. M'nthawi yachisanu-nyengo yachisanu, kuthirira kuchepetsedwa pang'ono, kuthirira madzi, pamene osati pamwamba pokha pamwambapo, komatu dziko lapansi lonse. Ngati nyengo yozizira imakhala yozizira kwambiri, ndiye kuti chomeracho sichitha madzi. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kuthirira kumatsitsidwanso kuti muyese bwino, ndipo pamene mphukira imakhala madzi okwanira kale.
Kutentha kwa mpweya. Zofunikira zenizeni za kutentha kwa mpweya, zomera sizimasonyeza, koma zimakonda chinyezi. Ndipo m'chilimwe, nyengo yotentha, zingakhale zabwino kukopera zomera zamitengo ndi madzi.
Kupaka pamwamba. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, feteleza ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku mphika ndi epiphyllum, izi zimachitika kawiri pa mwezi; abwino kwa feteleza wamba wamchere. Pamene masamba akuwonekera, mukhoza kuwonjezera mullein mwa kusakaniza ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 4, motero. Pamene maluwa ndi kumapeto kwa August, mullein akhoza kudyetsedwa masabata awiri. Ngati mukufuna, mullein nthawi zina amalowetsedwa ndi feteleza ya nitrogen.
Maluwa. Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, zomera zimayamba kukula, masamba amayamba kuikidwa. Pa nthawiyi, sikuli bwino kukonzanso chomera kumalo ena, mwinamwake chikhoza kuwataya.
Maluwa a epiphyllum amayamba makamaka kumapeto kwa April. Maluwa onse pa chomera amatha masiku asanu. Panthawi imeneyi, chomeracho chimafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse, feteleza, siletsedwe kutsitsi. Ngati mikhalidweyo ili bwino, ndiye kuti mbewuyo ikhoza kuphulika m'dzinja.
Maluwa pa mphukira amapangidwa kamodzi, choncho, m'zaka zingapo mphukira zonse ziyenera kuchotsedwa, popeza sipadzakhala maluwa pa iwo. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zina zomera zimayambira, amakhalanso bwino kuchotsa, chifukwa chakuti, iwonso samasamba.
Kusindikiza. Ngati kuli kofunika kuti ndikasendeze chomera, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuchita izi mutatha maluwa. Chaka chilichonse, izi sizowonjezera, chifukwa zovuta pamphika zimalimbikitsa maluwa a epiphyllum. Mphamvu yabwino yokhazikika ndi yotalika, chifukwa mizu yaying'ono yosasinthika. Ngati nthaka imagwiritsira ntchito tsamba losakanikirana ndi masamba, onjezerani mchenga ndi makala, zomwe zisanathe. Masamba a dziko lapansi amafunikira magawo anai, zotsalira zotsalira mu chidutswa chimodzi. Ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kosungira sitolo, yomwe ili yoyenera cacti; Ndikofunika kuti osakaniza alipo mu peat ambiri. Kutentha kwa nthaka sikuyenera kukhazikika, ndipo laimu sayenera kukhala kwathunthu. Asanaikidwe, mbeuyo isamamwe madzi masiku awiri, ndipo panthawi yopatsa nthaka nthaka idzagwa bwino. Pambuyo pa kuziika, chomera chiyenera kuikidwa mumthunzi ndi kuthirira mosamala.
Kubalana. Epiphyllum - zomera, zomwe zimatulutsidwa zomwe zingathe kuchitika m'njira zingapo - ndi mbewu ndi cuttings (izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa kasupe), ndi kotheka kugawa zitsanzo zakale panthawi yopatsa.
Ngati mubzala mbewu za epiphyllum, ndiye kuti zing'onozing'ono za cacti ndi mapesi ambiri zimabwera pamwamba. Pakapita nthawi, zimayambira, minga idzagwa ndipo zimayambira. Kutentha kwabwino kwa mbewu kumera ndi + 20-25C. Ngati ziweto zikukula bwino, ndiye kuti mbewu yaying'ono idzapatsa maluwa kwa chaka chachinai -chisanu.
Ngati mukufuna kufalitsa ndi cuttings, ndiye kuchokera phokoso lakuthwa, kudula tsinde 12 masentimita yaitali, ndipo m'munsi ayenera kuwongolera mu mawonekedwe a katatu, ndiye zouma ndi kubzala mu mphika. Ndikofunika kuumitsa motere: phesi liyikidwa pamtunda kwa masiku angapo, kukhetsa madzi, ndipo pambuyo pake akhoza kubzalidwa. Dziko lapansi likusakaniza kuchoka kumalo osungunuka ndi nthaka, imodzi ndi ziwiri pambaliyi ndi kuwonjezera kwa 0.25 mbali ya mchenga. Pamwamba pa osakaniza m'pofunika kuwaza kutsukidwa mchenga. Cuttings kudula kuya kuya 1 masentimita ndi kuika mumthunzi. Pakadutsa tsiku lochepetsetsa sangathe kuthiriridwa. Pambuyo pa cuttings ali ndi mizu, m'pofunika kuibzala mu miphika yaing'ono.
Zosatheka zovuta
- Ngati dothi limathamanga mumphika, mizu ingayambe kuvunda, makamaka ngati chomera chimatentha kutentha.
- Ngati chomeracho chibzalidwa panja, slugs imawonekera.
- Komanso, chomeracho chikhoza kutenga matenda a fungal, mwachitsanzo, fusarium. Kuchokera pa chomeracho kumawonekera maonekedwe ozungulira, mabala ojambulidwa, omwe amakula kukula.
- Zitha kugwidwa ndi kangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba, scabbard kapena mealybug.