Choyamba sankhani kumene mungayambe makina ochapira. Izi zidzasankha kusankha kukula ndi njira yopangira makina. Tsopano msika umapereka zipangizo zotsuka ndi mitundu iwiri ya zovala: zowongoka ndi zopingasa. Kawirikawiri amayi amasiye amasankha makina okhala ndi mawindo omwe amawongolera kwambiri ndipo safuna malo ena oti atsegule chitseko. Makina ochapira oterewa ndi osavuta kuyika mu ngodya ina yosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Makina ochapa omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira amakhala ambiri 40-45 cm, kuya kwa masentimita 60 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 85.
Makina okhala ndi kutsogolo kutsogolo amakulolani kuti muzitsuka ndondomeko yochapa - kwa amayi ena amafunika kwambiri. Posankha makina oyang'ana kutsogolo, muyenera kumvetsera kukula kwake, ndipo ndicho chifukwa chake.
Kawirikawiri kuchuluka kwa makina osamba ndi 60 cm, kutalika - 85 masentimita, kuya kwake - kuchokera 32 mpaka 60 cm Ngati mulibe malo okwanira kuti muike makina otsuka, imani pa "njira yopapatiza". Makina amenewa, okhala ndi kakulidwe kokwanira, pozama kufika pamtunda wa 32 masentimita akhoza kukhala mosungiramo bwino m'kachipinda kakang'ono kakang'ono, kapenanso ngakhale pang'ono. Ndipo iwo sadzakhala ndi malo ambiri mukhitchini. Kuphatikiza apo, makina ochapa kutsogolo amatha kuphatikizidwa mosavuta mu gawo lakhitchini; Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito makina monga kanyumba ka usiku kapena ntchito yowonjezera ku khitchini: mukhoza kungoyenda makina ndi kompyuta.
Ndikusamba kokwanira kotani? Kwa anthu osakwatiwa, komanso kwa mabanja ang'onoang'ono, makina ochapira ndi makina okwana 3 kg ndi okwanira. Ngati banja liri ndi anthu 4-6, makina omwe ali ndi ngodya ya 4.5 kg makilogalamu adzakhala opambana. Kwa anthu akuluakulu - oposa 7 - mabanja amafunika kutsuka makina opaka 6-7 makilogalamu
Drum - malo a makina otsuka, komwe zovala zidzasungira nthawi yonse yosamba, kuchapa ndi kuyanika. Mitsempha mu makina ochapa amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga kanthu, koma thanki ndi mphamvu yomwe dambamu imayendayenda - ikhoza kukhala pulasitiki, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo nthawi zina imatha kuyimitsa. Zirizonse zomwe zili, tangizi iyenera kukhala yapamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa chovala chosauka ndi chovala "chofooka" chidzachoka mofulumira, ndipo (chofunika kwambiri!) Chikhoza kuwononga zovala kapena zovala.
Matanki otsekemera amatha kutaya ulusi ndi polima pochita ntchito. Choncho ntchito yawo yafupika. Koma posankha mankhwala ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chidwi chiyenera kulipiridwa: zitsulo ziyenera kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri, pogwiritsira ntchito laser kutsegula ndi kupukuta. Zopangidwa ndi teknolojiyi, thankiyo ikhoza kuthera zaka 80, kapena ngakhale 100: nthawi ino ndi nthawi yochuluka kwambiri kuposa moyo wa makina palokha! Koma kupanga tangi ku zinthu zotere kumafuna ndalama zambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti makina omwewo adzakhala okwera mtengo. Chitsulo chamtundu wotsika pang'ono sichichepetsa kuchepetsa ndikukhazikika kwa mankhwalawa. Pokhala ndi ndalama zochepa, ndizomveka kuyang'ana makina otsuka ndi thanki ya pulasitiki.
Mungasankhe makina ochapa ndi tank ya polymer, monga Carboran, Poliplex, Polinox, Silitek. Ubwino waukulu wa zipangizozi ndi kukana kutentha, iwo amakana kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwa mankhwala. Amathandizanso kuthamanga bwino, kumapangitsa kuti galimoto ikhale yogwira ntchito. Kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pakagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa makina otere kumachepetsedwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwapadera kwa pulasitiki. Makanki opangidwa ndi mapuloteni amitundu yambiri ndi odalirika komanso otalika, moyo wawo wautumiki ukufika zaka 25-30 - Ndipotu uwu ndiwo moyo wa makina onse.
Momwemo, mwayi wa makina anu ochapa umadalira zida zake zamakono, monga kalasi ya kutsuka, kalasi yogwiritsiridwa ntchito mphamvu, kalasi ndi msinkhu wopupuluma. Kupereka chithandizo pakusankha makina ochapira, ndi bwino kulingalira izi.
Gulu lochapa la makina ochapa limasonyezedwa ndi zilembo zachilatini A kupyolera mu G, pomwe makalasi A ndi B akufanana ndi kutsuka kwapamwamba komwe kumadziwika ndi kusamala kwa nsalu. Zomwezo zimagwirizananso ndi maphunziro opota. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chizindikiro ichi n'chofunika kwambiri kusiyana ndi chiwerengero cha zowonongeka pamtunduwu, chifukwa chimatsitsa chinyezi chotsuka pambuyo pokutsuka.
Kalasi yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu imasonyezanso ndi makalata ochokera kwa A mpaka G - makalata awa amasonyeza kukula kwa magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi panthawi ya kutsuka. Choncho, mukamagula galimoto ndi magulu a mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito A kapena B, mungathe kukwaniritsa ndalama zowonetsera magetsi.
Kuthamanga kwachangu - chizindikiro osati chochepa. Kusankhidwa bwino, kumakupatsani kusunga zovala ngakhale mutatsuka mobwerezabwereza. Choncho ndi bwino kusankha makina ochapa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsalu - mofulumira kuchokera ku 400 mpaka 1000 rpm. Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kuli ndi ubwino: pamodzi ndi zotsalira zowonjezera pa zowonongeka izi, zotsalira zazitsulo zimachotsedwanso kuchapa zovala. Pamwamba pa liwiro lozungulira la drum panthawi yopota, mwamsanga kuchapa kwanu kudzauma. Koma kusungirako kumafuna khama - kumathamanga mofulumira kwambiri nsalu zowonjezera, komanso mofulumira zovala.
Komabe, opanga makina okonza masiku ano, pali njira yothetsera vutoli - mu mafano okwera mtengo kwambiri pali boma lomwe limaletsa mince pa nsalu. Zochitika zikuwonetsa kuti kuledzera kwa makina omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chochuluka cha zowonongeka ndi nkhani yokhudza kutchuka, ndipo sikumayendera.
Kuthamanga kwapansi kumakhala bwino kwambiri pakusamba kuchapa - 600-800 mpm. Pakati pa 1000-1500 mphindi, mudzamva kusiyana pakukupiza kupatulapo nsalu zonyika. Koma kwa nsalu zosiyana, opanga makina ochapa akulangizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito mwatsatanetsatane liwiro. Mwachitsanzo, nsalu zoyera ndi nsalu zofewa zimapangidwa bwino mpaka 400-600 mphindi, 800-900 ndizofunikira pa thonje ndi zokonza, ndipo pa 1000 zimatheka, mwachitsanzo, kutulutsa jeans moyenera. Kutembenuka pamwamba pa 1000 ndiko koyenera kuvala zovala zoyera, matayala ndi zinthu zofanana. Pofuna kutsuka bwino, kutsuka kumakhala kosavuta, komabe wina sayenera kulipira kwambiri: koma ubwino ndi zina zowatsuka ndi zofunika kwambiri. Choncho, popanda kuthamanga kukwera msanga, ndizotheka kugula chitsanzo pa 600 kapena 800 mphindi, koma zowonjezereka.