Kodi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi otani?
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi thupi losazolowereka ndi mankhwala. Mankhwala alionse akhoza kutha. Nthendayi imatha kuwonetseredwa ndi zikopa pa khungu ndi matenda a ziwalo zamkati. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera kumbali ya mankhwala.
• Kukula kwa mankhwala ozunguza bongo kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwawa choopsa cha chitetezo cha munthu ku mankhwala. Zingakhudze ziwalo zosiyana ndipo zimasiyana mozama. Nthaŵi zambiri, mankhwalawa amatha mosavuta ndipo amakhudza khungu kokha. Chizolowezi chofala kwambiri chimakhala ngati mphutsi yambiri ya Korea yomwe imakhala ndi mapepala ang'onoang'ono, pineni, mapepala ofiira ndi malo otetezeka. Kawirikawiri zimaphatikizapo kuyabwa ndikuwoneka masiku angapo mutangoyamba kumene mankhwala. Zopanda zochepa, koma komanso mawonekedwe owala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a erythema (mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka). Patapita masiku angapo chiyambi cha kumwa mankhwala pakhungu pali mawanga. Pakapita miyezi ingapo amatha, koma akamatengedwa, amawonekera pamalo omwewo.
Zovuta
Njira yowopsa kwambiri ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ming'oma. Amadziwika ndi kuyabwa kwakukulu ndipo angakhale limodzi ndi edema wa maso ndi milomo. Milandu yoopsa, zotsatirazi zingakhale:
• angioedema - owopsa kwambiri ndiko kusintha kwa edema ku lilime, larynx ndi trachea;
• Anaphylaxis ndi chiopsezo cha moyo chodziwika ndi chitukuko chofulumira; amatha kuluma tizilombo kapena chakudya kapena mankhwala omwe ali ndi zovuta, ndipo angakhale limodzi ndi kutaya chidziwitso;
• Mtheradi wamakono woyeretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana - khungu lalikulu la khungu, lodziwika ndi maonekedwe ofiira ozungulira pa gawo lirilonse la thupi. Matenda osokoneza bongo ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti asamangidwe ndi matenda a Stevens Johnson, amawonetsedwa ndi maonekedwe a mabelters ndi khungu. Ngati palibe nthawi yowunikira ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kungathe kupha.
• Kuthamanga kwa chimfine ndi njira yofala kwambiri ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kawirikawiri imawoneka masiku angapo chiyambireni mankhwala.
Mitundu yonse ya mankhwala ozunguza bongo ndi ofanana kwambiri. Pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya odwala kuchipatala amakhala ndi chiopsezo chotenga mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Komabe, 5 peresenti ya zotsatirazi zidzakhala zoona. Penicillin ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amawopsa. Pafupifupi 2 peresenti ya anthu padziko lapansi amatsutsa mankhwala opha tizilombo a penicillin, ngakhale kuti machitidwe aakulu amakhudza kwambiri. Ngati wodwalayo sakudziwa mankhwala alionse, wina akhoza kutenga mankhwala enaake. Mwachitsanzo, ndi zowopsa kwa penicillin, pali chiopsezo cha 10-20% cha momwe amachitira mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuchokera ku gulu lina la antibiotic - cephalosporins.
Nchifukwa chiyani zowopsa zimayamba?
Chitetezo cha mthupi chimazindikira kuti mankhwalawa ndi achilendo ndipo amachititsa kuti ziphuphu zisokoneze ming†™ oma ndi zina. Kukula kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo sikunganenedweratu. Komabe, zina zimapangitsa kuti zichitike. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
• kusinthika kwa chibadwa;
• Kudyetsa mankhwala amodzi panthawi imodzi;
• Malingana ndi malipoti ena, amayi amakhala otheka kwambiri kuposa anyamata;
• matenda ambiri.
Penicillin ndilo vuto lalikulu la mankhwala osokoneza bongo. 2% mwa anthu onse padziko lonse sagwirizana ndi mankhwala a penicillin. Podziwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse mawonetseredwe. Ngati zizindikiro zoyamba zikuwoneka, mankhwalawa ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Ndi ming†™ oma, makina ozizira ozizira ndi otsekemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba. Odwala amalangizidwa kusasamba ndi kusamba, kuvala zovala zosayera. Antihistamines ingachepetse kukwiya kwa khungu. Ngati mankhwalawa ali oopsa, m'pofunika kuyang'anira wodwalayo kwa maola 24 otsatira kuti abwererenso kapena kuwonongeka. Pofuna kuchepetsa mitsempha ya khungu yomwe imayenderana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, antihistamines amalembedwa.
Zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza
Ngati wodwalayo nthawi ina anali ndi kachilombo ka mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndiye kuti nthawi zonse mutha kumwa mankhwalawa, imabwereza, ndipo imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Kuti asatenge matenda enaake kwa mankhwala ena, dokotala akhoza kuchita mayesero ndi zotsegula. Izi zimaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, kuyezetsa khungu kumene mankhwala ochepa kwambiri akugwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu la wodwalayo, kenaka ndi kufufuza kwa yankho lake. Komabe, sizabwino kwa mankhwala onse. Njira inanso - kuyesa kwachitetezo - kumatenga kumwa mankhwala pang'ono poyang'anira dokotala. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zimatheka kukayikira zovuta zowonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa anamnesis wodwalayo.
• Ndondomeko yokhudzana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi mbiri yachipatala ya wodwalayo ingakuthandizeni kupeŵa kumwa mankhwalawa mtsogolomu.
• Odwala amalangizidwa kuti azisamalira mosamala mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa ku pharmacy popanda mankhwala, popeza pali ngozi yowonjezera vuto; muzokayikitsa, muyenera kukaonana ndi wamalonda kapena dokotala.
• Pa milandu yoopsa, odwala akhoza kulangizidwa kuti azivala nsalu yapadera yomwe imatchula mayina a mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti asamayende bwino.
• Pali mankhwala apadera pa ofesi ya dokotala yomwe ikufunika kupereka thandizo loyamba la anaphylactic reaction, kuphatikizapo epinephrine.
• Nthawi zina, odwala angayambe njira yowononga, ndiyo njira yodalirika yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa kuchipatala pamaso pa antchito azachipatala omwe ali ndi luso lobwezeretsa.