Panthawi imeneyi, pulasitiki imapangidwa ndipo ziwalo zonse za mwanayo zimayikidwa, choncho chiopsezo chokhala ndi ziphuphu m'mwana ndi chokwanira. Ndi mankhwala ati omwe amachititsa kuti mayiyo akhale ndi pakati, muwone m'nkhani yokhudza mutu wakuti "Kodi ndi antibiotics yotani yomwe ndingagwiritse ntchito kwa amayi apakati"?
Pokhala ndi malingaliro awa, madokotala amatipatsa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya antibiotic yomwe yayesedwa ndi nthawi. Mu II ndi III semesters, chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kungakhale kuwonjezereka kwa matenda aakulu monga pyelonephritis ndi cystitis, "kuukitsidwa" matenda, matenda opatsirana pogonana (chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, matenda a gonococcal), ndi chorioamnionitis - kutupa kwa nembidzi chifukwa cha matenda a intrauterine . Pambuyo pa sabata la 12, pamene gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitukuko cha mwana wadutsa, mndandanda wa mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito amayi otsogolera ukhoza kuwonjezeka. Pali mitundu yambiri ya maantibayotiki, ndipo si onse omwe amaloledwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi ya mimba. Mwa njira yogwiritsira ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mankhwalawa ndi bactericidal ndi bacteriostatic. Choyamba kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, yachiwiri imasiya kukula. Mchitidwe wambiri wa mankhwala ophera antibiotics ungakhalenso wosiyana. Pachigawochi, amagawidwa m'magulu asanu, omwe amamenyana ndi mtundu wina wa mabakiteriya. Ndipo, potsiriza, mankhwala opha tizilombo amasiyana mosiyana ndi mankhwala, omwe amawonongeka m'magulu 12. Zambiri mwazo zimakhudza thupi la mkazi, komanso pa kukula kwa mwanayo. Magulu atatu a antibiotic omwe alibe zotsatira zoyipa pa mwanayo ndi amayi amtsogolo: gulu la penicillin (penicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin), gulu la cephalosparins (cefazolin, cefotaxime) ndi gulu la macrolide (erythromycin, josa-mizin). Pa trimester yoyamba, pamene mwanayo ali pachiopsezo kwambiri, madokotala amayesera kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi penicillin ndi cephalosporins. Pambuyo pa sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri, mazira aakulu akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma mosasamala za mawu, mankhwalawa ayenera kusankhidwa ndi dokotala yekha.
Magulu otsala a antibiotic kwa amayi apakati akutsutsana, ndipo chifukwa chake pali zifukwa zomveka. Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamicin) imasokoneza kukula kwa impso ndi zothandizira kumva za mwanayo. Sulfonamides (yomwe imaphatikizapo, makamaka, yotchuka ndi chithandizo cha bronchitis biseptol) amatha kuwononga kwambiri machitidwe a hematopoietic. Tetracyclines, omwe ambiri amawadziwa kuyambira muubwana (tetracycline, doxycycline, vibramycin), amatha kuwononga chiwindi ndi amayi ndi mwana, ndipo mwanayo amachititsa kuti chiwonongeko cha dzino chisasokonezedwe komanso kuchepetsa kukula kwa mafupa. Komabe, ngati funso likubwera za moyo ndi imfa, madokotala amamupulumutsa mkazi mwa njira iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu za kutsutsana. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumakhala kofunikira kwa matenda omwe amachititsa imfa (sepsis, severe chibayo, meningitis). Panthawi yovuta kwambiri yotetezera chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha chidziwitso cha kudzipulumutsa, kotero thupi la mkazi nthawi zina limachotsa mimba, ndipo mankhwala alibe chochita nawo.
Mlingo waukulu
Posankha mayi wamtsogolo wa mankhwala alionse, kuphatikizapo mankhwala opha tizilombo, madokotala ayenera kulingalira kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumachitika m'thupi lake. Pakati pa mimba, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumawonjezeka, ndipo impso zimayamba kumwa mankhwala mofulumira. Pachifukwa ichi, kuti athandizidwe, madokotala nthawi zina amafunika kuchulukitsa mlingo wa mankhwala kapena kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kawo. Kuti pamwambo wotere komanso panthawi yomwe mankhwalawa akuwoneka ngati kuti sangathe kuvulaza, ndibwino kuti muwone ngati mukuwoneka kuti muli ndi maantibayotiki - mbeu zabakiteriya. Zomwe akufufuzazi zimachokera kumalo a bakiteriya omwe amachititsa matendawa. Zikhoza kubzala kummero, kufesa kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera pachibelekero, kufesa mkodzo kapena magazi. Koma zotsatira zimayenera kuyembekezera nthawi yaitali (kuyambira masiku 3 mpaka 10), chotero mu nthawi zovuta, palibe nthawi yokha yopenda chonchi.
Mofanana ndi mankhwala alionse, ma antibiotic onse ali ndi zotsatirapo. Kawirikawiri mankhwalawa amachititsa chifuwa. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti moyo wathu wonse timakumana nawo nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira. Maantibayotiki amaperekedwa kwa angina, ambiri "ubwana" komanso matenda opatsirana m'mimba. Mankhwalawa amachitiridwa bwino ndi ziweto, choncho amapezeka mkaka ndi nyama zomwe timadya. Kwa zaka zambiri, thupi limakhala ndi nthawi yokonza maantibayotiki kuti ayambe kuteteza mthupi mwawo ngati mankhwala, ndipo pakadali pano madokotala ayenera kusankha mosamala kwambiri mankhwala. Mankhwala ena osakaniza ma antibayotiki: Amapha mabakiteriya okhaokha, komanso amawononga zamoyo zamakono m'mimba ndi m'mimba. Izi zikhoza kufooketsa chitetezo chamthupi, ndiyeno nkuyamba matumbo a dysbiosis kapena matenda a m'mimba (kudzimbidwa, kutsegula m'mimba). Mwamwayi, zimakhala zosavuta kuthetsa vutoli: ndilokwanira mofanana ndi kumwa mankhwala opha tizilombo komanso kumwa maantibiotiki kwa milungu iwiri mutatha mapeto a maphunziro (Lineks, LEK, Bifiform, Ferrosan, Bifidumbacterin, Acipol, Atzilact) - mankhwala omwe amabwezeretsanso mavitumbo ndi m'mimba. idyani zakudya zamakaka zambiri. Tsopano tikudziwa kuti ma antibayotiki angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi amayi apakati.