Gawo lomalizira la mapangidwe a dziko la Ukraine akubwera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Koma kumayambiriro koyambirira kwake kunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi a Belarusiya oyandikana nawo, zakudya za Russian ndi Polish. Chikugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti madera osiyanasiyana a masiku ano a Ukraine anali mbali ya Poland ndi Russia, komanso madera ena oyandikana nawo (Hungary, Romania, Poland ndi Lithuania). Izi zikhoza kufotokoza kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana.
Kodi chakudya cha ku Ukraine chinapangidwa motani?
Kakhitchini ya Ukraine inapangidwa ndi zida zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale za chikhalidwe cha zophikira m'madera osiyanasiyana. Ukraine ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo zinthu zomwe khitchini zinakhazikitsidwa zinali zosiyana kwambiri. Mitundu yoyandikana nayo, yomwe inkachokera ku Tatar, Hungary, Turkey, Agiriki, Moldovans, idapatsa "kukoma" kwa mbale za Ukraine. Koma ngakhale kuti pali zifukwa zambiri zotsutsa, Chiyukireniya zakudya zakhazikitsa yunifolomu yeniyeni ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa. Pambuyo pa kuukiridwa kwa Golden Horde (ku Tatar-Mongol), kugwirizana kwa miyambo ya ku Old Russian zakudya kunatayika.
Njira zophikira akatswiri ophikira a ku German ndi a Chihungary ndi zotsamba zamakono a Turkish ndi Chitata zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zakudya za Vukrainian. Kwenikweni, kuphika kwa Turkic zokhazokha za mafuta mu Ukraine kumatchedwa "kuyamwa." Monga lamulo, anyezi amawotchera kuno ndi ndiwo zamasamba asanamveke kuti aziwombera. Koma zakudya zambiri ndi nkhumba zimagwirizanitsa zakudya za Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia ndi Belarus ndi zakudya zachiyukireniya. Munthu sangathe kulephera kugwira ntchito ya mafuta a masamba ku Ukraine, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Sikuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati mchere kapena fodya, umagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mafuta kuti aziwotcha, zinthu zina nyama zomwe sizili. Zakudya zamakono zokoma - zibokosi zimangowonjezera mafuta. Mu khitchiniyi, mazirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonzekera nthawi yopuma, komanso pophika zipatso zosiyanasiyana.
Pang'ono ponena za pastry ya ku Ukraine
Kuphika ndi zopaka ufa - uwu ndi mutu waukulu wa zakudya za Chiyukireniya. Mtundu wokonda kwambiri wa mayeso ku Ukraine ndi watsopano. Kutentha pang'ono, ndi ufa wophika, custard. Mphepete mwa mchenga ndi modzikweza ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zokoma. Dumplings ndi dumplings, majeremusi ndi mandimu ndi zakudya zapadziko lonse, zokonzedwa kuchokera ku mtanda wosabala ndi achinyamata - mazenera ndi "stabby". Kuchokera pa yisiti mtanda, monga lamulo, kuphika zopangira mkate, monga "palyanytsi" (mkate), vinyo wophika (mkate wochokera ku ufa wa tirigu ndi ufa kuchokera ku zipatso za viburnum). Fungo la tirigu ndilo maziko okonzekera mtanda. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ufa wa tirigu osakaniza ndi buckwheat. Nkhumba zotchuka kwambiri ndi mapira ndi mpunga (chomwe chimatchedwa "Sorochin mapira" kapena Saracen ndi chiyambi cha chilengedwe kapena Chiarabu).
Kugwiritsa ntchito masamba
Ku Ukraine, amakonda masamba. Pano pali chakudya chofunika kwambiri kuti nyama nyama idye kapena ngati kudula mafuta. Odziwika kwambiri ndi otheka kunena kuti mbeu zadziko ndi "Buryak" (beetroot). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafomu ambiri. Zilembo za bee ndizovala zazikulu kwambiri za borscht.
Zomera zobiriwira monga nyemba kapena mphodza ndi zina zowonjezera kuti ziwombedwe, kapena zingakhale mbale yabwino kwambiri. Komabe ku Ukraine amakonda kaloti, mbatata ndi tomato. Mbewu imaphatikizapo ku saladi osiyanasiyana kapena kungophika. Mbatata imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Chiyukireniya zakudya, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi mbali ya mbale yopangidwa ndi puree kuti nyama yophika kapena yokazinga. Mtedza wowonjezera umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zakudya zamtundu ndi zakudya zina.
"Chipembedzo" cha mafuta a masamba
Chakudya chosazoloŵera ku Chiyukireniya zakudya sichigwiritsa ntchito mafuta a masamba. Mafuta ambiri otchuka ndiwo mafuta a mpendadzuwa. Malinga ndi njira zothandizira mbewu za mpendadzuwa, pali mitundu iwiri: mafuta ozizira ndi makina otentha. Kale, anthu ankagwiritsa ntchito nkhumba kusungunuka mafuta (smalets), ndipo mafuta a mpendadzuwa anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwapa, kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazo. Ndi zonunkhira za mbewu za mpendadzuwa yokazinga, saladi zosiyanasiyana (vinaigrettes, saladi wobiriwira ndi tomato ndi nkhaka) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza mafuta kuti aziwotcherera. Mafuta ozizira ozizira amapita ku frying ndi baking process.
Kulipira nyengo
Kuchokera pa zokolola, choyamba muzigwiritsa ntchito anyezi, adyo, katsabola, parsley, chitowe. Vinyo wofiira amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pa mbale zakudya ndi saladi osiyanasiyana. Muzipatso zokoma nthawi zonse yonjezerani sinamoni ndi cloves.
Zipatso Zotchuka za Vukrainian Cuisine
Zipatso zotchuka kwambiri ku Ukraine ndi maapulo, mapeyala, zilumba. Amapanga pie, kuphika iwo mu uvuni, kuphika kupanikizana kuchokera kwa iwo. Kusuta ndi gooseberries zimayamikiridwa kwambiri ngati zipangizo zopangira compotes ndi icicles.
Kusintha kwa katundu
Tiyenera kudziwa njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ndi kutentha, makamaka nyama. Musanayambe chithandizo cha kutentha kwautali, kaya kuzimitsa, kuphika kapena kuuma, musanayambe kuphika chakudyacho mu mafuta (ngati nyama, ndiye kuti pangakhale kutuluka kwa nyongolotsi). Ndi njira izi zopangira kuphika ku Ukraine zimagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a ziwiya - mitundu yonse ya makatoni ndi frying-poto, mbale, makapu ndi magoloti (jugs).
Kuchokera pa njira zoyamba kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, pali kutulutsidwa kwa mitsempha, kudula bwino kwa nyama ndi mpeni. Zakudya zochuluka zowonongeka ndi nyama-nyama, mipukutu yophimba, mabokosi ndi zidutswa za cutlets zimafotokozedwa ndi kubwereka kuchokera ku German zakudya kudzera ku zakudya za Poland ndi Czech Republic. Monga khitchini iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mbiri yakale, Chiyukireniya zakudya ndi zosiyana kwambiri m'madera. Ngati mutenga chakudya chakumadzulo cha Chiyukireniya ndi Chiyukireniya chakummawa, ndiye kuti ndi osiyana kwambiri. Mtundu umodzi wokha wa borsch ku Ukraine ndi woposa 30. Borsch ikhoza kuphatikizidwa mpaka 20 zowonjezera, zoyamba - kabichi, beets, tomato monga mawonekedwe a phwetekere kapena madzi a phwetekere.