Kodi zimayambitsa khansara ndi ana ndi zotani kuthetseratu matendawa, mupeze m'nkhani yonena za "Matenda opatsirana a ana ndi achinyamata."
Pazigawo zoyamba, khansara mwa ana ikhoza kudziwonetsa yosadziwika, yovuta kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa chake ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzichita kafukufuku wamankhwala wa ana ndi achinyamata. Makolo ayenera kukhala maso kuti ayang'ane mwanayo ndi kumvetsera zizindikiro zonse zoopsa zomwe zingasonyeze kuti akudwala. Zizindikiro zoopsazi zikuphatikizapo: kutupa mtima, kupweteka mutu, kusala kudya, kutentha thupi nthawi zonse, kupuma mafupa, mawanga osadziwika, kuphulika, kutupa, ndi zina. Kupeza khansara, kufufuza kwakukulu kwa minofu yowonongeka - Mwachitsanzo, mafupa a mafupa. Maonekedwe a mwanayo angakukumbutseni nthawi zonse kuti ndi osiyana bwanji ndi ena. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kudzipatula, mwana safuna kupita kusukulu. Kuthandizira maganizo kwa mwanayo ndi banja lake ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ngati mukuganiza kuti chotupacho chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, dokotala amamutumiza wodwalayo kukayezetsa magazi, X-ray komanso mayeso ena enieni.
Matenda a zamoyo
Khansa ya m'magazi (khansa ya m'magazi). Chimodzi mwa matenda omwe amafala kwambiri kwa ana ndi achinyamata, omwe amachititsa pafupifupi 23% mwa khansa yonse. Mwa izi, pafupifupi 80% ali ndi acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), yomwe imayamba mu fupa la bone marrow lymphocytes, lomwe limataya makhalidwe awo akale ndi ntchito ndipo limakhala maselo otupa (lymphoblasts). ZONSE zimagawidwa
Kodi mwana ayenera kudziwa chiyani za matenda ake?
Nkhaniyi ndi nkhani ya mkangano woopsa. Akatswiri ambiri amalimbikitsa kufotokoza kwa mwana zomwe zikuchitika pofuna kupeŵa kusamvetsetsana, kuthetsa mantha ndi kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wogwirizana. Mulimonsemo, makolo okhawo ayenera kusankha nthawi yoyenera kukambirana, kusankha momwe angamfotokozere mwanayo, ndiwone ngati akusowa thandizo kapena maganizo othandizira maganizo, ndi zina zotere. Ana osapitirira zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pazaka zino, zimakhala zovuta kuti mwana amvetse zomwe matenda ake kapena matenda ake amatanthauza, choncho makolo ayenera kumuletsa ndikufotokozera kuti ichi si chilango komanso kuti mwanayo sanachite cholakwika chilichonse. Pa msinkhu uno, ana ndi achinyamata akuda nkhaŵa kwambiri chifukwa chosiyana ndi makolo awo, komanso ululu ndi mavuto. Ndikofunika kuti mwanayo amve kuti ali ndi chidaliro ndikukhala ndi maganizo abwino: kumusokoneza ndi zidole ndi zinthu zina zowala, yesetsani kupanga mlengalenga wokondweretsa ngakhale mu chipatala cha chipatala (mukhoza kubweretsa zinthu zina kuchokera kuchipinda cha mwana wanu), nthawi zonse mumasewera naye, kutamanda chifukwa cha khalidwe labwino panthawi yoyezetsa magazi. Ana a zaka zapakati pa 7-12. Iwo ayamba kale kumvetsa kuti mkhalidwe wa thanzi umadalira mankhwala, mayeso ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malingaliro a dokotala. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono amadziwa kuti akudwala, ndipo amamvetsetsa zomwe zimachititsa, mwachitsanzo, kutaya tsitsi. Makolo ndi achibale ayenera kuyankha moona mtima mafunso onse a mwanayo, kumusangalatsa, kumusangalatsa, kuyesa kupeza zomwe thupi limaloledwa kwa mwanayo, kumupatsa misonkhano ndi anzanu akusukulu, abwenzi, abale ndi alongo, ndi zina zotero.
Ana oposa zaka 13. Achinyamata akudera nkhaŵa kwambiri zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, amadziwa kuti matendawa amalepheretsa kukhala momwe anzathu amakhalira. Kumva kuti si monga aliyense wa msinkhu uwu ndi zopweteka kwambiri, kubwerera ku sukulu kungathe kugwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhawa ndi nkhawa. Mnyamatayo ayenera kutenga nawo mbali popanga zisankho komanso polankhula za matenda ake, choncho funsani kuti afotokoze momveka bwino, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo alemekeze moyo wa mwanayo komanso amusiye yekha ndi dokotala. Chisangalalo chingathandize kuchotsa kusamvera kwa kusakhulupirira mwa mphamvu zanu. Zolinga zenizeni, osati ya Hodgkin's lymphoma ikhoza kuonedwa ngati chotupa chamagazi. Matenda a Hodgkin kawirikawiri amachitikira ali achinyamata ndipo akugwirizana kwambiri ndi kachilombo ka Einstein-Barr. Pa matenda onse a chilengedwe, maulosi a chithandizo cha matenda a Hodgkin ndi abwino kwambiri.
Chithandizo
Kuchiza khansa kwa ana ndi achinyamata, makamaka mankhwala opatsirana, chemotherapy, mankhwala ochizira mazira ndi immunotherapy amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtundu umodzi wa chithandizo nthawi zambiri siwothandiza, kotero iwo akuphatikizidwa. Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala omwe amakhudza thupi lathu lonse, ndipo chifukwa chake, amakhudza maselo abwino ndi matenda. Mphamvu imeneyi imalongosola zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy: kupweteka kwa tsitsi, zilonda za zilonda zam'mimba, kutsekula m'mimba, kupweteketsa mtima, ndi zina zotero. Koma zoopsa kwambiri - choncho zimafuna kuyang'anitsitsa - zimakhala zotsatila monga myelosuppression (kuchepa m'maselo a m'magazi opangidwa m'mafupa). Chifukwa cha izo, chitetezo cha mthupi chimachepetsa chiwerengero cha maselo, makamaka maselo ofiira ofiira ndi mapiritsi. Choncho, panthawi ya chemotherapy, ana makamaka ali pachiopsezo chotenga matenda. Kuonjezera apo, ana amafunika kuika magazi ngati ali ndi vuto la kuchepa magazi, kapena thrombomass, ngati ali ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi magazi. Mankhwala othandizira mafilimu (X-ray mankhwala) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ya mankhwala. Maselo ake a khansa amawonongedwa ndi kutsogolera mphamvu yowonjezera.
- Ziphuphu za ubongo. Zili zowononga kapena zowopsya, zizindikiro ndi mankhwala zimadalira maselo omwe adayambira, komanso malo a chotupacho, kukula kwake, msinkhu wa mwana, ndi chikhalidwe cha thanzi.
- Neuroblastoma. Chotupachi, chomwe chimapezeka kawirikawiri m'chaka choyamba cha moyo wa mwana, chimachokera ku dongosolo la mitsempha lachisomo ndipo chili mbali iliyonse ya msana, mkati mwa chifuwa kapena m'mimba, koma nthawi zambiri mumtundu wa adrenal. Amapitirira msana, amafooketsa miyendo, amagwira ntchito za sphincters.
- Retinoblastoma. Khansara iyi ya retina si yachilendo, koma ndi chifukwa cha pafupifupi 5% ya milandu ya ubongo waunyamata. Zingawoneke kuti asanakwanitse zaka zisanu, chitsimikizo cha kupulumuka chimakhala chokwanira kwambiri, koma chithandizo, chithandizo, ndi mwayi wobwezeretsa masomphenya zimadalira momwe matendawa afalikira.
- Neuroblastoma (Wodwala chotupa). Zitha kukhudza impso imodzi kapena ziwiri, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kwa ana a zaka 2-3. Zimapha pafupifupi 10% mwa khansa kwa ana, nthawi zambiri matendawa amachiritsidwa.
Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa akuchuluka kwambiri, khansayo imakhalabe yachiwiri pambuyo pa ngozi pa mndandanda wa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa ana m'mayiko otukuka.
- Osteosarcoma. Imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya mafupa ana ndi achinyamata. Kaŵirikaŵiri amapezeka kumapeto a mafupa aatali (tibia, femur) ndi m'dera la bondo.
- Ewing's sarcoma. Chiwiri chachiwiri pambuyo pa osteosarcoma ndi chotupa choopsa cha mafupa. Kawirikawiri zimakhudza zachikazi, koma zimatha kufalikira kwa mafupa ena ndi m'mapapu.
- Rhabdomyosarcoma. Ambiri amapezeka kunja kwa mafupa. Nthawi zonse zimakhudza minofu, imakhala 4-8% ya khansa ana.
Mwana wodwala angamufunse chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amapita kuchipatala, chifukwa amamva kuti watopa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi ululu, chifukwa chake amayesedwa kwambiri ndi zina zotere.Zomwe amauza anawo, kuchepetsa nkhawa zawo komanso makamaka amathandiza madokotala pa chithandizo. Koma vuto lililonse ndilopadera, makolo okhawo ayenera kusankha chomwe angamuuze ndi momwe angamufotokozere. Tsopano inu mukudziwa mtundu wa khansa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali.