Nchifukwa chiyani timakonda mafuta? Malo awo apadera, omwe sungasokonezedwe ndi chirichonse, ma selo kapena "chisa" chakhala, wakhala chizindikiro chawo. Anapatsa mayina zinthu zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina ngakhale popanda kuphika. Chabwino, mwachitsanzo, thaulo lamoto.
Wafers ndi Wafers
Zonsezi zinayambika m'zaka za zana la 13 ndi kupangidwa kwa chitsulo chosungunula - zomangira ziwiri zothandizidwa ndi malupu ndipo zimapangidwa ndi zovuta kuti zikhale bwino. Madzi amodzi anali odzaza ndi mtanda wa madzi, winayo anatsekedwa, kuyaka moto, kutembenuzidwa, ndipo patatha mphindi zingapo - zidutswazo zatsala. Chifaniziro cha mapangidwe apakati akale anali mbale zitsulo za Agiriki akale. Ankaphika mikate yopanda kanthu, yomwe imatchedwa obleios.
Ena mwa opanga mawonekedwe m'malo mwa maselo omwe anali nawo nthawi zonse anali ndi masewero enaake, monga ma gingerbread: mwachitsanzo, mwa mawonekedwe ophiphiritsira, malaya apamanja, zithunzi za oyera kapena ngakhale malo onse. Kawirikawiri mawonekedwe a zitsulo zazitsulo zinali zamakona, koma nthawi zina kuzungulira. (Ndikoyenera kuzindikira kuti mawonekedwe amakonowa amasiyana pang'ono ndi mawonekedwe apakati, ngati siyi, mphete yamagetsi. Ndipo ndithudi izi siziri zenizeni za momwe zimakhalira pazojambula zamakono, zimangofanana ndi makina a makompyuta. ngakhale ubongo sungakhoze kulingalira popanda makompyuta.)
Kale m'zaka za zana lotsatira chisangalalo chokoma chikhoza kuyesedwa pa maphwando otchuka ". Iwo anayamba, monga lamulo, ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, omwe ankakhala ndi timitengo tambirimbiri tomwe tinkasakaniza ndi tchizi ndi nyama zodzaza nyama. Chabwino, ndiye tinapita kumapiko osiyanasiyana otentha - ndi masewera, syrup ndi kupanikizana. Pambuyo pake mazirawa anali mazira kuti athe kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndipo mu 1964 ku Fair ku New York anadabwa ndi mitambo ya Belgium, yophikidwa ndi yisiti mtanda. Zowopsya kwambiri komanso zowopsya, kenako zinakhala zofunikira kwambiri pa zowonetserako ndi zodyera.
Koma nkhani yosangalatsanso kwambiri ya mabukhu inayamba ngakhale poyamba, itangotengedwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula. Anthu amene adaphunzira Chingerezi amadziwa kuti mawu akuti waffle ali ndi mawu ofanana. Kotero, siziri chimodzimodzi chinthu chomwecho. M'zaka zapakati pa XIV zakale zinali zosiyana ndipo ankatchedwa chofufumitsa. Zonse ndi za mayesero. Zinali zatsopano, choncho timadontho timeneti tinali oonda kwambiri, owala komanso obiriwira. Ufawo unasakaniza - kuchokera ku balere ndi oats (osati tirigu, monga lero). Mafelesiwo sanali okoma nthawi zonse. Pali maphikidwe awo ambiri omwe ali ndi tchizi. Pambuyo pake mtandawo unayamba kuwonjezera choyamba yisiti, ndiyeno mankhwala ophika ophika monga soda kapena ammonium salt. Kotero chotupitsacho chinakhala waffles.
Amayi ochokera kumayiko onse
Mtundu uliwonse wa zokometsera zapanyumba zokoma kwambiri uli ndi mbali yapadera, mtundu wake wokha. Ku Netherlands iwo amatchedwa akadali - osungunuka, ndi ku France - gaufre, ndi ku Germany - akutha. Koma sizinali zambiri mu mayina, monga mwa miyambo, ndipo ndithudi, maphikidwe. Zilonda za ku Germany ndi zoonda, ngati phokoso, makamaka - izi ndi zabwino zakale zakufa. Mafuta a ku Belgium (moyenera kwambiri Brussels) ndi yisiti. Pofuna kuunika ndi kupuma, amapuloteni amawombera. Ngakhale lero iwo amagulitsidwa pamsewu, owazidwa kwambiri ndi shuga wofiira. Chabwino, pafupifupi ngati donuts.
Nthawi zina, m'malo mwake, m'malo mwa ufa wophika. Liege waffles amachokera ku Belgium. Amaphika m'masitolo ang'onoang'ono ndipo nthawi yomweyo amagulitsidwa. Wafers ndi ang'onoang'ono kuposa Brussels achibale, okoma kwambiri ndi owopsa. Zophimbidwa ndi kapangidwe ka caramel ndikukhala ndi vinyo wa vanilla kapena sinamoni. Mphepete mwa Liege akhoza "kuthiridwa" ndi zipatso, kirimu ndi chokoleti. Vienna amawulungama - otayirira, okhwima ndi ofewa mu "khola" lalikulu. Iwo ali ngati chofufumitsa - chokoma, chokoma, chodzaza ndi zokometsera. Mitundu ya America tsopano yakonzedwa pophika kuphika. Zili zazikulu komanso zowopsya. Imakondabe chakudya chokoma kwa kadzutsa. Amadyetsedwa makamaka ndi mafuta ndi ma syrups osiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonjezera pa zakudya zina, mwachitsanzo, ayisikilimu ndi mchere (komanso poyamba ankafunira kuti azidya chakudya chamtima - ndi impso zowonongeka). Zigawo zotchuka kwambiri Nilla. Dzina limeneli ndi (Nabisco lolimba), lomwe potsirizira pake linakhala dzina la banja la zopepuka zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi vanilla. M'malo amitundu yosiyanasiyana, m'malo mwa ufa wa tirigu, mpunga kapena ufa wa chimanga ntchito. Zigawo za mbatata za Chingerezi zimagulitsidwa chisanu. Muzolemba - mbatata flakes, masamba a masamba ndi masamba. Choyimira "chiwombankhanga" chimamangirizidwa kwa iwo, kuphika kapena kukatentha mu chotokosera ndi grill. Kumalo odyera ku Czech Republic ndi Slovakia, mipando yapadera ya SPA imagulitsidwa, kapena, monga imatchedwa, kupelni oblatki. Amuna ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa Akatolika - monga chizindikiro cha chikhululukiro amavomerezedwa kuti apereke Khirisimasi.
Palinso mitundu yovuta ya "crunches". Ku Japan amatchedwa tatyaki. Zimayang'ana ngati nsomba ndipo zimakhala zodzaza ndi nyemba kapena chokoleti. Ndipo nsalu za Vietnamese zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mtanda wokoma, womwe umathandizidwa ndi zitsamba zamtengo wapatali zojambula mu mtundu wobiriwira. Koma sizo zonse. Wafers ndi shuga, zofewa, biscuit, zipatso, mawu ... zomwe sizikuchitika basi!
Wafers mu Chirasha
Mu "msika" wathu wamsika, zosiyana zonsezi zikufotokozedwa mokwanira. Mukhoza kugula onse odziwika bwino komanso okondedwa omwe amawotchedwa brusochki ndi mikate yopanda chofufumitsa, ndi zinthu zatsopano kwa ife monga mawonekedwe a miyala, ma rolls, nyanga. Chikho ndi ayisikilimu sichidadodometsa wina, koma nyanga yopanda phula mkati mwake imakhala yovuta kwambiri pa nyengoyi. Kodi ndi zokoma bwanji (komanso, chofunika kwambiri, mwamsanga) kukonzekeretsa keke yokometsera yokometsera ndi mkaka wophika? Muyenera kusakaniza ndi mafuta ndi kuyala mapepala apamwamba ndi maonekedwe okonzeka. Chinthu chachikulu mu njirayi ndi kupirira kwa maola awiri, mpaka pagawo la firiji lilowetsedwa ndi kudzazidwa, ndipo musadye keke musanayambe!
Wafer semi-finished products - chinthu chosavuta, chifukwa pamwamba ngati kuti wapangidwe bwino. Zili ndi makona awiri komanso ozungulira, akuluakulu ndi aang'ono, okhwima komanso osalimba. Ndipo ndi bwino kuti pamaziko awo nthawi zonse n'zotheka kukonzekera chinachake chatsopano ndi chachilendo, kapena mosiyana, kufunafuna maphikidwe akale, "kumbukirani zakale." Ngati mukufuna kuluma mofulumira kwambiri, ndizotheka kutenga chitoti cha kukwapulidwa ndipo, pamodzi ndi zipatso ndi zipatso, mwamsanga mumalowetsa zofufumitsa. Ndipo chokoma, ndi zothandiza!
Mu mafashoni, mwachirengedwe
Ngati mumayang'anitsitsa thanzi lanu ndikuwopa zakudya zomwe zakwera kwambiri ndi zakumwa zamadzimadzi, ndiye kuti mumapezeka zokometsera zokometsetsa zokha, mudzapeza chinthu chosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, ojambula omwe amawathandiza kudya zakudya zabwino, perekani zopatsa zakudya zomwe sizitetezeka, komanso zakudya. Adzatsutsana ndi omwe amapewa shuga. Wafers okhala ndi hazelnuts, uchi, mpunga wa mpunga ngakhale osakhala otchipa, koma ndithudi sawonjezera zowonjezera. Mwa njira, posachedwa, mawonekedwe akusintha chithunzi chawo. Kuchokera pa maswiti opanda mtengo ndi ozoloŵera pang'onopang'ono kumakhala zosangalatsa zokoma, ndipo ena amatha kutchulidwa ndi anthu apamwamba. Chitsanzo choonekeratu chikhoza kuonedwa ngati maonekedwe a mtengo wa mtengo wapatali wokhala ndi zovala zokhalapo. Okayikira adaneneratu polojekiti yolephereka, poyang'ana kuti zidutswa za premium sizo kwa wogula. Iwo anali akulakwitsa. Dutch waffles kuchokera ku zipangizo zamtengo wapatali apeza kale ogula awo. Ndipo komabe musaganize kuti zida zokwera mtengo zokha zingaganizidwe kukhala zoyenera. Umboni ndizopangidwa ndi makampani apanyumba.
Zinsinsi za kukoma kwa zofukula zapakhomo
Wafers ali ndi zinsinsi zawo, ndipo zazikuluzo ndizosavuta: popanda kuphwanyidwa kwa zitsamba - osati zamadzi. Wokongola, woonda, wozungulira kapena wamakona, ali ndi kapena popanda kudzaza - zofufumitsa ziyenera kugwedezeka. Crispy zimaperekedwa kwa iwo ndi mtanda wapadera wa mtanda - porous, kuwala, uyenera kukhala wouma ndi wosalala. Choncho, chikhalidwe chofunika kwambiri cha chophika chopangidwa chokonzekera ndi chinyontho chawo. Mu pepala losungunula motsatira GOST, liyenera kukhala ndi 2.1-3.9%. Zoona, ngati chotupitsa ndi kudzazidwa, mtengo uwu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha mafuta kapena mafuta odzaza, chinyezi chikhoza kufika 7-8%, koma chipatso - kuchokera 9 mpaka 15%. Mafelesi okhala ndi chinyezi, m'malo mwake, otsika kwambiri (kuchokera 0,6 mpaka 2,2%). Komabe, wopanga chophimba chilichonse ali ndi zinsinsi zina zambiri. Timagwiritsidwa ntchito poona kuti zipatso zopatsa zokoma kwambiri zimakhala zokoma, ndiye chifukwa chake sitidabwa kuti shuga imaphatikizapo chilichonse, makamaka opanga katundu. Komabe, zofufumitsa zapadziko lonse zimatulutsidwa ndipo sizikhala zotsekemera, zomwe ziri zofunika makamaka posachedwapa.