Oimirawo amakhala nthawi zonse, ali ndi thunthu lakuda ndi lalifupi (pafupifupi mamita atatu, koma nthawi zina amafikira kufika pa khumi), zimachitika kuti zimagwedezeka. Thunthu ndi bulbous ndi gawo lapansi ndi la pansi; Komanso, thunthuli lili ndi phokoso lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe liri ndi starch ambiri, ili ndi mamba ndi zotsalira za petioles masamba. Masamba a chomera amakhala mamita atatu m'litali, pinnate (nthawizina bicameral), yomwe imawonekera pachaka pamwamba. Masamba aang'ono atangooneka atakonzedwa komanso akusindikiza, koma kenako anawongolera ndi kukhala "opanda"; timapepala timene timene timakhala timene timayendera kapena timene timayambitsa mzere wozungulira. Komanso, masamba ali ndi pamwamba, ndipo masamba apansi amasandulika mitsempha. Tsambali lili ndi streak yowerengeka, koma palibe yotsatira.
Mitengo iyi ndi dioecious. Mitsempha yomwe ili ndi spores yamwamuna ndi yaikazi (megasporaphylls ndi microstrobils) ili pafupi kapena pamwamba. Mitsuko imakula m'modzi kapena m'magulu.
Monga tanenera kale, pachimake (ndi mmbewu) nayonso kuchuluka kwa mankhwala okhuta (pafupifupi 45%), sago ndi wokonzeka kuchokera, chomwe ndi chofunika kwa anthu okhalamo. Ndichifukwa chake zomera izi nthawi zina zimatchedwa "sago palma". Chomeracho ndi chakupha, koma anthu ammudzi amachikonzekera mwanjira yapadera, ndipo sichimavulaza.
Kamphanga kameneka kakufanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ake ngati kanjedza. Ndichifukwa chake, panthawi ina, botanist wa ku Sweden adasocheretsedwa ndipo motero adamutcha iye mawu, omwe m'Chilatini amatanthauza "kanjedza" ndikuyika pakati pa mitengo yake ya kanjedza.
Ngati maluwa akuyamba kumudziwa bwino za zomera, ndi bwino kuti musayambe ndiyeso, monga kusamalira mitundu ya malo ndi kovuta ndipo kumafuna kuti mukhale omvera mwachidwi.
Kusamalira maluwa
Wokwera njinga amakonda kuwala kowala, koma kuwala kumakhala kochepa, ndi kuwala pang'ono kwa dzuwa. Makamaka kwa iye kumadzulo kapena kummawa, komanso kumpoto. Ngati chomeracho chikuyimira kumbali yakum'mwera, ndiye kuti chiyenera kukhala mthunzi m'chilimwe kuchokera ku dzuwa. M'chilimwe, zomera zimatha kusungidwa kunja, koma ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa lotentha, ndipo ku "malo atsopano" chomeracho chiyenera kuzoloŵera, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezereka nthawi yomwe imatha kutentha dzuwa.
Boma la kutentha ndilofunika kwambiri pokonza. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, kutentha kwakutentha kumakhala bwino, pa 20-26 ° C, komanso m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cycads kutentha kwake. Pakuti mphepo yamoto imakhala ya 10-12 ° C, yomwe imapindika 16-18 ° C. Ngati nyengo yozizira siipereka ozizira, ndiye zomera zimatha kutaya mbali ya masamba.
Kuthirira kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira ndi kosavuta, ndikofunikira kuti mpweya wosanjikiza pamwamba ukhale wouma masentimita awiri kapena anai, pamene akupewa kuyanika. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumafunikanso ngakhale kawirikawiri. Madzi a ulimi wothirira ayenera kutentha ndi kusungidwa bwino.
Kukonda kwa njinga yamoto kumapereka mpweya wozizira, kotero ndi kofunika kuti uziwaza nthawi zonse ndi madzi kutentha. Zingakhale zabwino kuika chomera pamtambo ndi chonyowa claydite (kapena peat). Pamene akusamalira mitundu ya mabala, wobwerera pamsewu akhoza kusambitsidwa ndi kusamba, kupeŵa madzi kulowa mu mphika.
Kupaka feteleza kumapangidwa kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka kumapeto milungu iwiri iliyonse, feteleza abwino kwa mitengo ya kanjedza. M'nthawi yonseyi, kudyetsa sikuyenera kukhala kamodzi pamwezi. Ndipo ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ndibwino kuti kuchepetsa feteleza ndi theka. Ndifunikanso kuti feteleza mulibe potaziyamu ndi ma magnesium salt.
Kupalasa mpira wachinyamata ayenera kukhala chaka ndi chaka, ndipo akuluakulu ndi okwanira kuti alowe m'malo osanjikiza a dziko lapansi. Ngakhale kuti chomeracho chikhoza kuikidwa pamtundu umene uli ndi malo ochepa mu mphika. Kusakaniza kwa kanyumba ka "kanjedza": sod, masamba a masamba, peat, humus ndi mchenga. Gawo losakaniza liri motere: magawo awiri a nthaka ya tirigu, tsamba la masamba, peat, humus ndi mchenga - gawo limodzi. Nthaŵi yabwino yopempherera ndi nyengo yachisanu, pamene chomera chikuyamba kukula. Pakukula, bwino ngalande ayenera kuonetsetsa. Pachifukwa ichi, mphika wabwino sungasankhe chozama ndi chozama, chiyenera kukhala chochepetsedweratu kuti bwaloli lisadwale chifukwa choyang'ana mchere wosanjikiza.
Cicadas ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu kapena mphukira. Mphukira za njingazi ndizophulika ndipo zimakula pa thunthu la chomera chachikulu. Choyamba, babubu amayamba, makamaka, yomwe imakhala ndi maluwa. Zitatha izi, korona ikuwonekera, ndipo nthawi zina amapereka mizu yochepa.
Nthambi ya amalima a maluwa imayambitsidwa mwapangidwe, ndipo imayambitsa kuwonongeka. Motero, amayesa kupeza mawonekedwe achimake ndi korona angapo, kapena amafuna kupeza zambiri zobzala.
Pambuyo polekanitsa mphukira, ikani mdulidwewo kuti uwazidwa ndi makala ndipo wouma kwa masiku awiri kapena awiri. Mphukira imabzalidwa mu chisakanizo cha peat ndi masamba a nthaka ndi kuwonjezera kwa mchenga ndi ma granite chips. Mpaka mizu ikuwonekera, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa moyenera.
Kukula kwa mbewu kumapitirirabe kwa nthawi yaitali, pafupifupi zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu, ndipo kumera mkati mwa mwezi ndi theka kapena miyezi iwiri itatha.
Mavuto akukula
Dzuŵa lolowera njinga yamakono limakonda, koma amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali akhoza kutenthedwa, choncho amafunika kuzizoloŵera pang'onopang'ono.
Ngati chomeracho chimathirira mopitirira muyeso, chimatha mofulumira. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha kapitawo.
Kutentha kwakukulu m'nyengo yozizira ndi mdima wouma mpweya wothamanga sakhala bwino kulekerera, kawirikawiri muzinthu zoterezi zingayambe kutaya masamba.
Kuwonongeka kungabwere kuchokera ku shchitovok, thrips ndi kangaude.