Mtunduwu umanyamula mpweya mu chifuwa, pomwe umagawanika m'magulu aang'ono kwambiri (bronchi) omwe amapereka mpweya kumapapo. Kuwombera, bronchi amapanga dongosolo la pang'onopang'ono kutsika kwa tubulu kufika mbali zonse za mapapo. Amatha ndi timagetsi tambirimbiri tomwe timapanga m'mapapo. Ndi ming'oma yaing'ono yomwe imapanga mpweya pakati pa mpweya ndi madzi. Tsamba lopuma ndi lapansi ndilo mutu wa nkhaniyi.
Trachea
Mtedzawu umayamba kuchokera ku cricoid cartilage, yomwe ili pamunsi pa larynx, ndipo imatsikira mu chifuwa. Pa mlingo wa sternum, trachea imatha, kugawa m'magulu awiri - bronchi yoyenera ndi yamanzere. Trachea ili ndi minofu yamphamvu ya fibroelastic ndi mndandanda wa mphete zosatseka za hyaline cartilage (karoti ya trachea). Mtundu wa munthu wamkulu uli wokwanira (pafupifupi masentimita 2.5 m'mimba mwake), pamene makanda omwe ali pamtengowo ndi ang'onoang'ono (pafupifupi penipeni m'mimba mwake). Gawo lomaliza la trachea silikuthandizira. Amakhala ndi minofu yambiri komanso minofu. Chigawo ichi cha trachea chimayang'ana ku mimba yomwe imakhala kumbuyo kwake. Tsamba loyendayenda ndi mphete yotseguka. Epithelium (mkati mwake) ya trachea ili ndi maselo omwe amatha kusungunuka pamwamba pake, komanso cilia yazing'ono kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mapulaneti, imatulutsa phulusa komanso imachotsa mapapu kupita kumatope. Pakati pa epithelium ndi mphete ya cartilaginous ndi mitsempha yothandizira yokhala ndi timagulu ting'onoting'ono ta magazi ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha, mitsempha ndi mitsempha yomwe imatulutsa madzi amchere mu lumen ya trachea. Mu trachea, palinso makina osungunuka omwe amachititsa kuti zisinthe. The bronchus yaikulu imapitiriza nthambi, kupanga mtengo wotchedwa bronchial mtengo, kutengera mpweya kumadera onse a mapapo. Makamaka bronchus yaikulu imagawidwa ndi lobar bronchi, yomwe ili itatu m'mapapo abwino, ndi awiri kumapapu akumanzere. Mmodzi wa iwo amapereka mpweya kwa imodzi ya mapafu. The lobar bronchi imagawidwa muzing'ono zomwe zimapereka mpweya kuti zilekanitse njira.
Makhalidwe a bronchi
Mapangidwe a bronchi amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a trachea. Zimakhala zofewa komanso zosinthasintha, makoma awo ali ndi khungu, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala ndi epithelium yopuma. Amakhalanso ndi mitsempha yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imawathandiza kuti asinthe.
Bronchioli
Mkati mwa zigawo za bronchopulmonary, bronchi ikupitirizabe kutuluka. Ndi nthambi iliyonse, bronchi imakhala yochepetsetsa, ndipo chiwerengero chonse cha dera likukula. Bronchi, okhala ndi mkati mwake m'munsi mwa 1 mm, amatchedwa bronchioles. Kuchokera ku mababu aakulu aakulu, bronchioles amasiyana chifukwa makoma awo alibe mapuloteni ndi maselo otetezeka omwe ali mkati mwake. Komabe, komanso bronchi, amakhala ndi minofu. Komanso nthambi zimayambitsa mapangidwe a terminal bronchioles, omwe, amagawanika kukhala ang'onoang'ono kupuma bronchioles. Mphuno yotchedwa bronchioles imatchedwa choncho chifukwa amalankhulana mwachindunji ndi lumen ya alveoli. Komabe, amachoka m'magulu amtundu wa alveolar, nthambi kuchokera kumapiritsi otentha.
Alveoli
Alveoli ndi timabuku ting'onoting'onoting'ono ta makoma ochepa kwambiri. Kusinthanitsa kwa gasi kumachitika mwa iwo. Kupyolera mu mpanda wa alveoli, mpweya umene umatulutsa mpweya umalowa m'magazi kudzera m'magawo, ndipo potsirizira pake, kupuma, carbon dioxide, kumasulidwa kunja kwa mpweya wozizira. Mapapu a anthu ali ndi mamiliyoni mazana ambiri a alveoli, omwe amapanga malo aakulu (pafupifupi 140 m2), okwanira kusinthanitsa mpweya. Alveoli amapanga masango omwe amafanana ndi magulu a mphesa, omwe ali pamayendedwe ozungulira. Alveolus iliyonse imakhala ndi lumen yopapatiza yomwe imatsegulidwa mu njira ya alveolar. Komanso, pali mabowo (pores) pamwamba pa alveolus iliyonse, yomwe imayankhula ndi alveoli yoyandikana nayo. Makoma awo ali ndi puloteni yamtendere. Ma alveoli ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya maselo: macrophages (maselo otetezera), maselo akunja omwe amalowa m'mapapu kudzera m'mapapo opuma, komanso maselo omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.