Masiku ano, pali njira zambiri zowonetsera zojambula zamakono. Amayesedwa pa odzipereka, mu ma tubes oyesera, pa zinyama. Chifukwa cha ichi mungapeze chithunzi chokwanira cha ntchito ya chida china. Koma posachedwa, makampani ambiri adakana kuyesa zinyama. Ndipo kale chaka chino ku Ulaya lamulo lidzatuluka lomwe limaletsa osati kuyesetseratu zowonongeka pa zinyama, komanso kugulitsa zodzikongoletsera zomwe zasankhidwa kwa iwo. Mabungwe a ufulu wa anthu athandiza anthu kuti achite zinthu zoterezi. Koma ngati zodzoladzoka zimasiya kuyesedwa pa zinyama, ndiye ndani amene angalowe m'malo mwachitetezo ichi? Anthu? Kapena kodi gawo ili la kuyesa si lofunika kwambiri ndipo lingathetsedwe?
Ozunzidwa ndi kupita patsogolo
Pofuna kudziteteza okha ku zotsatira zolakwika za kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zodzoladzola, anthu anayamba kuyesa zinyama m'zaka za zana la 19. Kawirikawiri izi zinali makoswe, akalulu, nkhumba zazing'onoting'ono, popeza abambo aang'ono awa ali pafupi kwambiri ndi ife. Komabe, zaka zambiri zakhala zikuwonetsa kuti zotsatira za kufufuza kotero si zolinga nthawi zonse. Pamene idadziwika ndi omenyera ufulu wa anthu, adayamba kulimbikitsa kuti mayesero amenewa asiye. Chotsatira chake, asayansi anayenera kufunafuna mwamsanga zatsopano, zomwe zodzoladzola ndi mankhwala angathe kuyesedwa. Masiku ano, makampani ambiri otchuka amachita zimenezo.
Zinsinsi za Laboratory
Kusintha kwa zochitikazi kwapindula. Panali masomphenya atsopano a zodzoladzola, zomwe zimatchedwa "pagalasi." Zimasowa ndalama zochepa, osati zinyama ndipo zimakulolani kudziwa momwe maselo aumunthu angapangidwire kupanga zojambula zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha zochitika zatsopano, zinali zotheka kuthetsa ndalama zowonjezera, komanso kuonjezera kukhulupilika kwa mayesero. Izi zinapangitsa kusunthira ku miyezo yapamwamba yotetezera kwa mankhwala osamalira thupi ndi nkhope. Asayansi ambiri amatsimikiza kuti kufunika kwa kuyesa mankhwala pa zinyama kunangowamba. Izi sizingatheke.
Choyamba, magulu a tizilombo a tirigu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mayesero a "galasi". Patangopita nthawi pang'ono anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito maselo a khungu la anthu. Choncho, n'zotheka kutsatira zomwe zikuchitika molondola. Zotsatira za maphunziro amenewa zinaposa zonse zoyembekeza. Tsopano mungathe kuona mofulumira mphamvu ya kugwirizana kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, komanso kumvetsa momwe chidachi chimakhudzira mozizwitsa. Choncho, makampani ambiri amayang'ana mankhwala awo odzola pa khungu lokonzedwanso. Khungu lokonzedwanso ndi chikhalidwe chapadera cha selo chomwe chimakula mu sing'anga. Zili ndi zigawo zitatu: epidermis, dermis ndi hypodermis, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti njira zomwezo zimachitika momwemo monga khungu lathu.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti chifukwa cha kuyesedwa kotero, mtengo wogulitsa umachepetsanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinyalala.
Chitsimikizo chamoyo
Komabe, mosasamala kanthu kuti mayeserowa anali othandiza bwanji "pa galasi," asayansi sanapeze njira yopangira popanda kufufuza pa munthu. Chinthuchi ndi chakuti mu vitro n'zotheka kufufuza kokha kokha khungu, koma n'zosatheka kufotokoza momwe thupi lidzakhudzire lonse. Ngakhale kuti mavitrowa amayesedwa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zotsatira zake. Choncho, chiwerengero cha chitetezo cha oyezetsa opereka mankhwala oyenerera chikuwonjezeredwa. Komabe, ngakhale izi, gulu la thanzi lamasewerolo linayesedwa mu mayesero otero, kuyang'aniridwa ndi gulu la madokotala. Pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse, anthu amafufuza bwinobwino thupi lonse. Kuonjezera apo, mayesero onse amachitidwa kuchipatala. Choncho, ngati munthu ali ndi vuto loopsya kapena anaphylactic, nthawi zonse padzakhala akatswiri omwe adzatha kupereka chithandizo nthawi. Koma zochitika zoterezi zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Kodi kuchita zoyeza zodzoladzola ku Russia ndi Ukraine?
Zida zodzikongoletsera zomwe zimapangidwa m'dziko lathu ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi zikhazikitso zakhazikika. Choncho, zodzoladzola zonse zimayesedwa pa zinyama. Sitinapange makanema okwanira kuti ayese zodzoladzola pa zomera ndi maselo a khungu, monga momwe amachitira ku Ulaya.
Poziteteza makampani athu, tikhoza kunena kuti amapereka zinyama ndizofunikira zonse kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino. Chifukwa cha thanzi lawo, akatswiri, akatswiri a zinyama, omwe amaperekanso chithandizo pokhapokha ngati akufunikira, akuyang'anira. Ng'ombeyo itayesa bwino mankhwala atsopano, yayamba kufufuzidwa kale mwa anthu odzipereka. Ichi ndi gawo lomaliza. Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala oyeza, odzipereka amagwiritsanso ntchito njira za opanga ena. Izi zimathandiza kuti zitheke bwino, zimapangitsanso zowonjezereka ndikupeza mankhwala omwe alibe zotsatira zofanana, komanso amaposa ndalama zomwe zilipo kale pamsika.
Mapeto a zonsezi akhoza kuchitidwa izi. Lero, chifukwa cha mateknolojia yatsopano ndi sayansi, mungapewe kuyesa mankhwala odzola pa abale athu ang'onoang'ono. Pali njira zina zowonjezera zodzoladzola zatsopano: "pa galasi" njira.
Ubwino wa njira yoyesera "pagalasi"
Ubwino wa njirayi ndi ambiri. Choyamba, ndi zoonekeratu kwa amayi. Pambuyo pake, kuyesedwa uku kumaganizira zonse zomwe zimakhala khungu: kuchulukitsitsa, kusintha kwa zaka, mafuta ndi zina zotero. Choncho, mukhoza kukwaniritsa zotsatira zake pogwiritsa ntchito zodzoladzola zokhala ndi ngozi zochepa.
Chachiwiri, zida zopanda ntchito komanso zopanda chitetezo za mankhwala odzola zowonongeka sizingagwe. Inde, chifukwa cha khungu lamunthu lokonzedwanso, ilo ndilo kotheka kale pa siteji ya maphunziro a labotale kuti mudziwe momwe zigawo zomwe zimakhalira mankhwalawa zimakhudza khungu la munthu.
Zofukufuku pa odzipereka, omwe ndi gawo lomaliza la kuyesedwa, ndizofunikira kwambiri. Izi zimakuthandizani kufufuza chitetezo cha chida, komanso mphamvu yake. Ngati phukusili liri ndi chidziwitso pa mayeserowa, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa adayang'aniridwa bwino ndi odzipereka.
Chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka akatswiri pamakhalidwe abwino kwa zinyama, mateknoloji anayamba kukula kwambiri. Tsopano ife tikhoza kupeza zinthu zamtengo wapatali kwa ndalama zomwezo. Ojambula akhoza kupulumutsa poyesedwa, popanda kuvulaza khalidwe. Ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Pamene mukugula zodzoladzola, samverani kuti mulimonse mmene zinayesedwera, komanso phunzirani mosamala zomwe zikugulitsidwa. Zomwe zimapangidwira chilengedwe, zimakhala zabwino komanso zowonjezereka. Komanso, musaiwale kuti ngakhale zodzoladzola zabwino zingakhale ndi zovuta. Choncho, musanagule mankhwala atsopano ndi zofunika kuti muyese pazanja lanu.