Amamanga thupi la mwanayo atangobadwa kumene. Ndipo izi, monga lamulo, zimakhala mwamtendere palimodzi. Mwanayo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda samangokhala mogwirizana, amapeza phindu lalikulu pa izi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapeza zakudya zofunikira kwambiri kwa mwanayo, komanso nthawi zina timapanga mavitamini ambiri omwe amathandiza mwana kuti adye chakudya. Mabakiteriya amatha kuyamwa m'mimba m'matumbo a bile acids, mahomoni ena ndi cholesterol, amathandizira kuthetsa mchere wa madzi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zinthu zambiri zofunika kwa mwanayo zimapatsidwa: mavitamini, zinthu zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya, mahomoni. "Ma tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timatha kuchepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, poizoni tosiyanasiyana, ndipo timakhala ngati magwero amphamvu. Udindo wapadera wa tizilombo timene timapanga pakupanga ndi kukonza ntchito yoyenera yotetezera chitetezo chokwanira, kumenyana ndi maopaleshoni owopsa. Mmene mungachiritse dysbacteriosis mwana wakhanda komanso zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa - zonsezi m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi microflora amapanga bwanji?
Mimba ya mayi, mwana samalandira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - izi zimasamalidwa ndi placenta ndi amniotic membranes. Choncho, matumbo ndi ziwalo zina za mwana sizowonongeka. Pamene akudutsa mumsewu wobadwa, mwanayo amacheza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amakhala mmenemo. Kawirikawiri amakhala akudula khungu, maso ndi pakamwa pa mwanayo, ndipo kudzera mu chingwe cha umbilical, amai amapatsira maselo ku microflora. Choncho, mwanayo ali wokonzeka kale kukhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'moyo wake - chitetezo chake cha mthupi chimatha kuthetsa ntchito zawo zofunika. Chotsatira chofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha microflora cha thupi ndilo ntchito yoyamba yopitilira pachifuwa. Muyenera kuchita izi maola oyambirira a maonekedwe a mwana. Ndicho chifukwa chake. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timabwera mu colostrum, ndipo patapita nthawi timakhala ndi mkaka wochokera kwa amayi awo, timalowa m'mimba momwe gawolo limakumbidwira, koma chifukwa cha ntchito yochepa ya hydrochloric acid, ndalama zina zimalowa mumatumbo akulu, kumene amachulukitsa. Choncho, kumapeto kwa sabata yoyamba ya moyo, zinyama m'matumbo ake zimatha kuona mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Mukamakhala m'matumbo, nthawi zonse amatsogolera "nkhondo yapikisano" pakati pawo. Kusakhalitsa kosasinthasintha kosakhalitsa kwa ma microflora - omwe amatchedwa thupi la dysbacteriosis, lomwe mwana wathanzi amakhala kuyambira 3-4 mpaka 4, ndipo nthawi zina miyezi 5-6. Koma chikhalidwe choterocho ndi chachilendo, sichifuna kukonza.
Mafilimu a dysbiosis
Koma kodi dysbiosis ndi chiyani? Uwu ndi thupi la thupi la mwana, momwe matenda opatsirana amapezeka pamalo a thupi lachilengedwe. Choyamba chimatanthauza "chinachake cholakwika". Ngati mutanthauzira mawu akuti verbatim - ndi kusintha kwina kwa microflora, zopotoka kuchokera kuzinthu zoyenera, koma izi siziri matenda kapena matenda. Zaka khumi zapitazo, matenda a "dysbiosis" amavumbulutsidwa nthawi zambiri monga matenda a "ARD." Ngakhale ICD-10 (matenda akuluakulu, omwe ayenera kutsogolera madokotala onse padziko lonse), palibe matenda oterewa. Mu lingaliro la "dysbiosis", ngati ndi matumbo okha, pali kukula kochepa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mimba mwachindunji komanso kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuphwanya koteroko kumachitika mwa ana onse omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, kutsekula m'mimba ndi mavuto ena a dongosolo la kugaya. Choncho, dysbacteriosis ikhoza kuonedwa ngati chiwonetsero cha zovuta, koma osati monga wodziimira yekha. Choncho, muyenera kusamalira dysbiosis, koma kuphwanya komwe kunayambitsa. Ngati vutoli lasinthidwa, sipadzakhalanso dysbiosis! Koma inu mukufunsa-koma bwanji za mavuto omwe ali ndi chitsimba, zovuta zosiyanasiyana ndi mawonetseredwe ena? Kodi amakhalanso ndi kusintha pakuyesa zinyansi? Inde, koma kusintha malo a microbial ndi zotsatira za mavuto m'thupi, koma osati chifukwa chawo. Inde, nthawi zina chilengedwe cha microflora chimasokonezeka. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa zolephera zotere: Matenda alionse (ngakhale ozizira), chifukwa chirichonse chimagwirizana mu thupi, hypothermia, kutenthedwa, chakudya cholakwika komanso tsiku lodzazidwa ndi maganizo. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kusintha kwa chilengedwe cha chilengedwe cha microflora m'thupi. Mu ana abwinobwino m'thupi, zosokoneza zoterozo ndizokhalitsa. Chigawo choyamba cha microflora chidzabwezeretsedwanso maola angapo, pazipita tsiku lililonse, ngati mutachotsa chokhumudwitsa kapena chovulaza.
Kodi izo zikuwonetseredwa bwanji
Dysbiosis si nthendayi, koma imodzi mwa mawonetseredwe a zovuta za thupi, ndipo zimayambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Mimba ya m'mimba ya microflora ikulamulidwa ndi chitetezo cha mwana. Kusintha kosalekeza kumayendedwe ka m'mimba kumatuluka nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kusintha kwa matenda a chitetezo cha mthupi. Ndiye thupi limalimbana ndi microflora yake yeniyeni ndipo imayimitsa. Choncho, kuyesa kuponya matumbo a cola ndi zomera zachibadwa za m'mimba mothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa bakiteriya kumangopatsa kanthawi kochepa, ndipo ndizochepa. Zingakhale zabwino kuzizindikira, kuti dysbacteriosis pa zakudya zamtundu wa thoracal sizimachitika. Ngati mwanayo akudyetsa mkaka wa mayi, ndipo matumbo amayamba kubwera, amatha kudwala matenda enaake, kapena kuchepa kwa lactase, kapena kusakhala ndi moyo wathanzi (intestinal colic). Ngati katswiri ati vuto la khanda limayambitsa dysbacteriosis, ndi bwino kuonana ndi katswiri wina.
Chimene sichiri chithandizo?
Posankha zothetsa vuto la dysbiosis, dokotala ayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi matenda ake. Ngati mayesero achoka pambali, ndikudandaula pakadali pano mwanayo sakusamalidwa, izi ndizomwe zili zoyenera pa zinyenyeswazi zanu. Chizoloŵezi chimawerengedwa, ndipo zolakwika mwa ana osiyana nthawi zina zingakhale zofunikira, koma ichi si chifukwa chochizira. Panthawi ya matenda a chinyama mwana, matenda onse oyenera ayenera kutayika poyamba, ndipo pokhapokha, chifukwa chomaliza ndi dysbiosis.
Mmene mungachitire
Ngati dysbacteriosis ikadziwikiratu, konzekerani kuchipatala kwa nthawi yaitali. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, mankhwala oyamba a dysbacteriosis ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Kuti mutulutse matumbo ndi zomera zothandiza, muyenera choyamba kuwononga zomwe zilipo. Kuonjezera apo, mankhwalawa akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriophages osiyanasiyana - zinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi mabakiteriya ena a m'mimba ndikuwawononga. Kuwonjezera pa iwo, kukonzekera kwapabiyake komweku kumakhala ndi mabakiteriya othandiza omwe akukonzekera, omwe mabakiteriya "oipa" amathamangitsidwa. Amasankhidwa payekha. Gawo lachiwiri pambuyo pochotsedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi "njira yabwino" yothetsera "zabwino". Apa maphunzirowa ndi aakulu kwambiri: choyamba amayamba ndi maphunziro a masiku asanu ndi awiri (7-10) a prebiotics - mankhwala omwe amapanga malo abwino mu lumen ya m'matumbo ndikuthandizira kuthetsa mabakiteriya abwino. Pambuyo pake, kulandiridwa kwa maantibiobio - kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi ubwino wamatumbo oyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumayamba. Kawirikawiri, mofananamo ndi zisanayambe ndi probiotics, kukonzekera kwa ma enzyme, matsenga ndi ena amauzidwa, ndiko kuti, matenda opatsirana amachiritsidwa. Kuonjezera apo, dokotala adzasankha zakudya zapadera kwa mwanayo, zopindulitsa ndi zinthu zomwe zimapindulitsa pa microflora - kawirikawiri izi ndi zakudya zamkaka wowawa ndi zakudya zogwiritsa ntchito pectins ndi fiber.
Za ubwino wa mkaka wa m'mawere
Mkaka wa m'mawere ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'matumbo. Kuphwanya, kuyamwa, ndi "zopangira" zimakhala zosiyana mosiyana ndi microflora. Bifidobacteria mu makanda ambiri amalepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zochepa kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha lactobacilli ndi chachikulu "chopangira", koma ali ndi mabakiteriya ambiri omwe angabereke poizoni m'mimba. Kuonjezera apo, "zopanga thupi" sizingatheke kuchokera ku msanganizo wa immunoglobulin A (uli ndi mkaka wa m'mawere), ndipo awo omwe sanapangidwe, omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu zoteteza thupi.
Nchifukwa chiyani nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito pachifuwa kumayambiriro?
Onetsetsani mwanayo pamatumbo mwamsanga, mkati mwa maminiti 30 oyambirira atabadwa. Chifukwa cha ichi, chimbudzi chimatha kupeza microflora yolondola. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti mkaka wa mkazi mu sabata yoyamba pambuyo pa kubereka uli ndi bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, enterococci ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timathandizira m'matumbo a mwana. Ngati ntchito yoyamba isinthidwa kwa nthawi ya maola 12 mpaka 24 atabadwa, ndiye kuti theka la ana omwe angoyamba kubadwa lidzakhala ndi zomera zofunikira, ngati izi zitachitidwa ngakhale patapita nthawi, gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a anawo akhoza kulandira mabakiteriya molondola.