Zotsatira zochedwa
Khansa ya m'magazi kumayambiriro kawiri kawiri imachitika mosavuta. Pambuyo pake, hemoptysis ikhoza kuchitika, komanso zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- chifuwa chosatha;
- ululu m'chifuwa;
- matenda opuma opatsirana kapena ochizira;
- mpweya wochepa;
- kuwomba;
- mawu osasunthika;
- kulemera kwa thupi;
- kusowa kudya;
- kutopa;
- ululu pamapewa kapena mkono.
Zizindikiro zina zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kufalikira kwa metastases - kusuntha kwa maselo a khansa ku ziwalo zina kudzera m'ziwiya zamagazi ndi zamadzimadzi. Mwachitsanzo, kufalikira kwa chotupa mumphongo kungaperekedwe ndi ululu ndi kupweteka kwakukulu, chiwindi cha metastases nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa ascites ndi jaundice, ndipo mu ubongo - kusintha khalidwe. Matenda ambiri a khansa ya m'mapapo imakhudzana ndi kusuta. Matenda owopsa a khansara yamapapu, mawonetseredwe am'chipatala amawonekera kale pa matenda aakulu.
Kusuta
Kuopsa kokhala ndi chotupa kumakula ndi kuchuluka kwa fodya kusuta tsiku ndi kutalika kwa kusuta. Komabe, zimachepetsa ndi kusiya chizolowezi choipa. Kusuta fodya kwa osakhala fodya (otchedwa kusasuta fodya) kumawonjezera mwayi wa matendawa ndi pafupifupi 15%. Kusuta ndudu kupita ku mapaipi osuta kapena ndudu kumachepetsa kuchepetsa ngozi, koma imakhalabe yaikulu kwambiri kuposa ya osuta fodya.
Kusokonezeka kwa nyengo
Chiwerengero chochepa cha khansa ya m'mapapo chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mlengalenga, komanso kuphulika kwa fumbi la mafakitale okhala ndi ma particles a asbestos, arsenic, chromium, okusayidi yachitsulo, phula lamakala ndi zotentha.
Ziphuphu zapakati
Njira zovulaza m'ziwalo zina, mwachitsanzo, ziwalo za mammary kapena prostate, zimaphatikizidwa ndi mapangidwe a chotupa chachiwiri m'mapapo ndi zizindikiro zomwezo.
Kuchiza
Amuna, kuphatikizapo amayi, amagwirizanitsa khansa yamapapo katatu, koma kusiyana kumeneku kumachepa ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha akazi osuta fodya. Zina mwa zifukwa zazikulu za imfa ya akazi kuchokera ku khansa, mtundu uwu wa khansara umakhala wachiwiri pambuyo pa khansa ya m'mawere. Matenda a khansa yamapapu amapezeka chifukwa cha anamnesis ndi zotsatira zamankhwala. Kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro za pulmonary, m'pofunika kumvetsera zizindikiro za matenda a mahomoni, kuchepa kwa minofu ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha, kuchepa magazi m'thupi, thrombosis, kusintha kwa ziwalo, kuthamanga khungu. Zizindikirozi nthawi zina zimachitika kusintha m'mapapo.
Kuwopsya kwa phalanges zala zala
Kuwopsya kwa mapeto a phalanges za zala ndi zala (monga "zikhoto") zimapezeka mu 30% za khansa ya m'mapapo, koma zimapezeka mu matenda ena ambiri, mwachitsanzo, mu matenda a mtima wamba.
Mitundu ya khansa ya m'mapapo
Khungu kakang'ono ka carcinoma ndi chotupa choipa komanso chofulumira kwambiri. Zimakhala pafupifupi 20-30% mwa khansa ya m'mapapo yonse. Amachokera ku maselo opanga mahomoni, choncho nthawi zina zizindikiro zina zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a mahomoni. Kachilombo kakang'ono ka khungu ndi gulu la ziphuphu zomwe zimadziwika ndi kukula kochepa. Zikuphatikizapo:
- squamous cell carcinoma;
- khansara yambiri;
- khansa ya alveolar;
- adenocarcinoma ya m'mapapo (chotupa chokhudzana ndi kupweteka kwa asibesitosi, komanso chofala kwambiri mwa osasuta).
Kuti apeze khansa yamapapo, njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Chifuwa cha X-ray - chimalola kuzindikira matenda ndi masentimita 1-2 masentimita (zotupa zazing'ono zing'onozing'ono sizidziwika). Panthawi yoyamba, zizindikiro za m'mapapo 90% zimawonetsedwa ndi radiography;
- computed tomography - amalola kuzindikira zochepa zazing'ono, koma ena mwa iwo angakhale osadziwika pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi;
- maginito osinkhasinkha - amapereka maonekedwe abwino a mimba ndi ziwalo zazikulu zomwe zili pafupi ndi ziwiya zazikulu zamapapu.
Bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy ndi njira yophunzirira njira zapansi pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chochepa cha fiber optic - bronchoscope. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyesa minofu ya zotupa za bronchogenic ndi maselo othamanga kuchokera kumbali zina za mapapo pofuna kuyesa ma laboratory.
Kupanga nthawi
Phunziro lino, singano yochepa kwambiri yomwe imapangidwira mu chifuwa pansi pa X-ray kapena CT ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe okayikitsa. Chiwerengero cha odwala khansa ya m'mapapo sichikondweretsa, komabe, ngati chotupa chikupezeka kumayambiriro koyamba ndipo palibe metastases, chithandizo cha opaleshoni chingayambitse mankhwala. Njira yabwino kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la mankhwala a pulmonary ndi mankhwala akuluakulu. Kwa odwala omwe amapita patsogolo pang'ono, maseŵera opangira opaleshoni komanso othandizira odwala amatha kukhala othandiza.
Kupititsa patsogolo opaleshoni
Chithandizo chothandiza kwambiri cha khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo ndi opaleshoni, koma ndi yabwino kwa odwala 20 peresenti, yomwe ili ndi zaka zisanu zokha zowonjezereka. Kuopsa kwa imfa chifukwa cha opaleshoni makamaka kwa odwala oposa zaka 65. Ambiri mwa iwo amakhala osuta ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kupuma, monga bronchitis ndi emphysema.
Chemotherapy
Kagulu kakang'ono ka carcinoma ndiyo mtundu wokha wa khansa yamapapu yomwe mankhwala a chemotherapy amavomerezedwa, koma mphamvu yake ingakhale yaifupi. Chiwerengero cha moyo wa odwala ndi chemotherapy ndi miyezi 11 kutha kwa mankhwala (poyerekeza ndi miyezi 4 popanda chemotherapy). Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya odwala omwe ali ndi khansa yochepa amakhala ndi moyo zaka 2-3 pambuyo pa chithandizo.
Njira zothandizira khansa yamapapo ndi:
Kuchitidwa opaleshoni - kuchotsedwa kwa chotupa chachikulu (popanda kukhala ndi metastases ndi mthupi wokhutiritsa);
- Thandizo la ma ARV - ndilofunika kwambiri pakuchiza matenda osagwiritsidwa ntchito;
- Chemotherapy ndi njira yaikulu yothetsera khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo.
Khansa Yosatha
Kuti athetse vuto la odwala opanda chiyembekezo, njira zotsatirazi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- kuyambika kwa stent kakang'ono kuti mukhalebe ndi lumen yowonongeka yamachubu yotsekedwa ndi chotupa;
- kuyambitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwa bronchi;
- chithandizo cha ma radiation ndi mankhwala ochepa omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa pfupa, kukhwima kwambiri ndi hemoptysis;
- kusankhidwa kwa steroids kukonza chakudya;
- kugwiritsa ntchito morphine ndi mankhwala ena ozunguza bongo chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa ululu.