Glutamate sodium, zotsatira zake zomwe sizinafotokozedwe bwino, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama. Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti ndichifukwa chiyani mankhwala ambiri ochokera ku chakudya chofulumira ("chakudya chofulumira") ali ndi kukoma kwachibadwa kotere? Timagula zipsera, zitsamba, zakumwa, msuzi wambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri sitiganizira momwe kukoma kwa nyama kumapangidwira muzinthu zopanda gramu ya nyama. Tinkakonda kudya zakudya zolimbitsa thupi ndi kukoma kwa nyama yankhumba, nyama, paprika, anyezi onunkhira ndi kirimu wowawasa, nsomba, tchizi komanso ngakhale caviar zakuda ... Zosangalatsa komanso zakonzedwa mwamsanga. Munthu amatha kumvetsa pamene anthu akusoŵa nthawi amagula chakudya chofulumira. Koma ife, akuluakulu, sitimasintha kuti tilowetse chakudya chokwanira ndi mapepala awiri a mapepala obiriwira kapena mwamsanga kumwa mowa kuchokera ku kapu ya pepala ngakhale pamene tiri pakhomo. Ndipo koposa zonse, timadyetsa ana athu.
Kodi glutamate sodium ndi chiyani?
Glutamate sodium ndi yowonjezera chakudya chowonjezera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama popanga zakudya zamzitini ndikukonzekera, kukonzekera zokolola, kuwonjezera sodium glutamate ndi zakudya zokonzeka. Pokhala ndi makina a crystine, sodium glutamate imasungunuka bwino m'madzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kukoma ndi kununkhira kwa zinthu zamtundu, kuti athetsere mchere wamchere ndi wowawa pambuyo pake.
Malingana ndi "Encyclopaedic Dictionary ya mawu azachipatala", sodium glutamate ndi mchere wa monosodium wa glutamic acid, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kukoma kwa zakudya zam'chitini, nyama, nyama, ndi zina zotero. Ngati atengedwa mochuluka, zofooka, nseru, chizunguliro, maonekedwe a nkhope, kusagwirizana kosautsa m'mimba m'mimba kungadziŵike. Monga tikuonera, zotsatira zoyipa pogwiritsa ntchito sodium glutamate zimatsimikiziridwa ndi sayansi.
Amapanga glutamate sodium kuchokera ku glutamic acid, yomwe ili mbali ya mapuloteni ambiri. Koma muzinthu zachilengedwe mwa mawonekedwe aulere ndizosowa ndipo ndizochepa pangТono kakang'ono. Pokhala ndi nthawi yaitali yosungirako, kuzizira kwa zamoyo kuchokera ku zinyama, kuchepa kwa acutamic acid kumachepa. Ndipo ndi izo, fungo ndi kukoma kwa nyama zachepetsedwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri m'makampani ogulitsa zakudya, sodium glutamate imayikidwa ku sausages ndi zakudya zamzitini. Ndipo ngati nyama siyakwanila muzinthu za nyama ndipo ambiri opanga malonda awo amalowetsa m'malo mwachitsanzo, soya - ndiye glutamate wa sodium ndizosasinthika! Ndi chifukwa cha glutamate sodium kuti soya soseji imapeza chilakolako cha nyama ndi fungo.
Kunja, sodium glutamate ndi ofanana ndi shuga ndi mchere. Koma iye ali ndi kukoma kosiyana. Anthu a ku Japan amachitcha kuti "umami", kumayiko a Kumadzulo amatchedwa "savory" - monga msuzi. Glutamate, mwa kutchuka kwake, wakhala mfumu yeniyeni ya zokonzekera. M'makampani ogulitsa masiku ano, akhoza kupikisana, mwinamwake, pokhapokha ndi mchere wamchere.
Zotsatira za sodium glutamate
Mu chikhalidwe chosasangalatsa cha moyo wamakono, "chakudya chofulumira" chatenga mizu mofulumira, kutipatsa ife nthawi yochuluka yamtengo wapatali pa ntchito ndi zina zovuta. Koma dziko lakumadzulo linali loyamba kulira lalamu: chakudya chofulumira ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kudetsa kwambiri ndi kulemera. Akuluakulu a ku America adakonzekera kumenyana ndi McDonald's, akudandaula kuti chakudya chodyera chofulumira chidzachotsedwa ku "nkhope" ya dziko lawo. Chabwino, "McDonald's" idzawonongeka - kodi padzakhala kusintha kwakukulu ngati chizoloŵezi cha mamiliyoni kuti adye "chakudya chokoma" chokoma ndi chokhutiritsa chakhazikika mwamphamvu? Zakudya zowonetsera zikutha kuchokera pamenepo zonsezo ndi apa. Zakudya zokhala ndi sodium glutamate, zimakhala m'nyumba zathu zogula zakudya ndi zogulitsa katundu, zinkakhala m'masitolo ang'onoang'ono podutsa njira zathu zamasiku ndi m'misika.
Koma kodi munayamba mwalingalirapo kuti kukoma kumeneku kumachokera ku chakudya chofulumira? Yankho lake ndi lophweka: zakudya zowonjezera zakudya, ndipo choyamba - sodium glutamate. Madokotala amanena mosapita m'mbali kuti sodium ya glutamate imatipanga bulimans. Ndizo - odya chakudya. Tayang'anani pa malo odyera pa intaneti, pezani lamulo la "fufuzani" pa mfundo yaikulu ya "sodium glutamate" - phunzirani zambiri za chidwi!
Matumba owala ndi bouillon cubes ndi zokolola nthawi zambiri amakongoletsedwa ndi mabedi. Amayambitsa mgwirizano ndi zakudya zokoma komanso zathanzi. Ndipotu, condiments ambiri ndi zowonjezera zakudya zamagetsi ndi kuwonjezera masamba ndi zokometsera. Ndipo si zoona kuti padzakhala zokolola zambiri! Kuwonjezera pa makina, pafupifupi theka la kulemera kwa cubes ndi zokometsera ndi yophika mchere. Zotsatira zake, chiwerewere chimayikidwa mchere ndi "chophika". Koma gawo la ndiwo zamasamba zouma siziwonetseratu zokha, koma ndi misa yonse. Pa nthawi yomweyi, gawo lawo laling'ono ndilochepa kuposa la salt. Chinthu chachitatu cha zonunkhira zambiri, broths ndi kuziika ndizowonjezera zokometsera: inosinate ndi sodium glutamate. Amapereka chakudya chokonzekera, osati masamba ndi masamba. Kawirikawiri, kulawa kokometsetsa kumaphatikizidwira masamba osakaniza ndi masamba. Ogulitsa amachita zonse zomwe angathe kuti agwiritse ntchito phindu lawo kudzera mu thanzi lathu.
Aliyense amadziwa kuti mitsempha ndi chakudya chokoma komanso chopatsa thanzi. Zili ndi mchere komanso zinthu zina zothandiza. Makamaka kwambiri mu masoka msuzi wa gelatin, munali collagen. Collagen ndi mlengi wa chilengedwe cha minofu, khungu, tsitsi, makoma a mitsempha ya magazi. "Msuzi wabwino umatsitsimutsa akufa" - amawerenga mwambi wachi Latin. Koma kodi ndi msuzi amene timachokera ku zowuma, kotero amaimiridwa mwapamwamba mu nkhani zamalonda zotsatsa malonda tsiku ndi tsiku? Zakudya zopangidwa ndi mafakitale ndi msuzi zamasamba zimakhala ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimapatsa nsomba kapena osowa nyama. Popeza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achilengedwe ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kwa wopanga.
Mlingo wochepa wa sodium glutamate umalola kuti mafakitale apulumuke apulumutse pa bowa, nkhuku, nyama ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Ndiponsotu, mankhwalawa akhoza kuikidwa m'malo mwa nyama yambiri yazing'ono zamtundu kapena zowonjezera. Ndipo pofuna kubwezeretsa kuyamwa kwa nyama, ndikwanira kuti azipaka mankhwalawa ndi uzitsine wa sodium glutamate.
Cholakwika ndi chiyani?
Ndithudi funso ili lifunsidwa ndi owerenga ambiri. Choyamba, siziteteza kokha makampani ogulitsa, komanso ogula. Zakudya zakuthupi zachilengedwe si zotsika mtengo, sikokwanira kuti banja lililonse liphike tsopano. Chachiwiri, zimatenga nthawi yaitali kukonzekera chakudya "chenicheni"! Zikupezeka, "chinyengo chili chabwino". Ayi, ichi ndi chinyengo. Ndi chakudya chofulumira, sitidzakhala ndi amino acid ndi zigawo zina zofunika kuti thupi likhale ndi mankhwala. M'malo mwake, timadya mlingo woyenera wa sodium glutamate, yomwe, monga tanenera pamwambayi, imatipangira bulimans.
Pofika pakati pa zaka zapitazi, asayansi adapeza momwe sodiumamuyamu ikuthandizira kubereka fungo ndi zokonda zomwe ziri zofanana ndi zakudya zachilengedwe. Munthu amene ali m'chinenerocho ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimagwira acutamic acid - zomwe ndizo "mafuta" akulu a ubongo. Acutamic asidi amachulukitsa nzeru, amachititsa kuti munthu asamavutike maganizo komanso asatengeke, amachepetsa kutopa. Koma izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa asidi achilengedwe. Zipangizo zomwezo zimakhudza kwambiri sodium glutamate, ndiko kuti, mchere wotchedwa monosodium wa glutamic acid.
Zowonjezera izi zinachokera Kummawa. Mu imodzi mwa ma laboratories achi Japan omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi Kikunai Ikeda, mu 1908 dziko loyamba lopanga monosodium glutamate linapezedwa. Analimbitsa fungo labwino ndi kulawa kwa nyama. Ndipo mu 1947 adalengezedwa kwa dziko lonse kuti fungo lachilengedwe lopangidwira lingachitike posachedwa mkati mwa makoma a ma laboratories. Mmenemo tili otsimikiza kuti lero.
Pakati pa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri, mvula yamkuntho inayambira pozungulira sodium glutamate. Muzinthu zambiri izi zinali chifukwa cha kutchuka ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa mgwirizano wa zakudya za ku China kumadzulo. Posakhalitsa, chomwe chimatchedwa "Chinese chinanso chodyera" chinazindikiridwa ndipo chinafotokozedwa. Izi ndi zosasangalatsa zotsatira za sodium glutamate. Alendo ambiri ku malo odyera (komanso Chinese zabegalovok), atadya zachilendo zakummawa, posakhalitsa anapeza mafunde otentha pamutu, anayamba kutuluka thukuta ndi kumang'amba. Anthu makamaka omwe amayamba kutengeka ndi matendawa amatha kupwetekedwa ndi matenda a mphumu. Chotsatira ichi chinali chifukwa chopitirizira kuphunzira izi zowonjezera chakudya. Zinapezeka kuti sodium glutamate ingayambitse mutu. Kuphatikiza apo, imateteza ayodini m'thupi. Zotsatira zake, ndi kusowa kwa ayodini, matenda osiyanasiyana akhoza kudziwonetsera okha. Kuphatikiza kuwonongeka kwa madzi m'thupi, kupweteka kwa thupi, matenda osokoneza bongo.
Glutamate sodium imakonda kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ku khitchini kummawa. Mwachitsanzo, ku Thailand, kumwa kwake kwafika pafupifupi magalamu atatu tsiku ndi tsiku. Makamaka maphikidwe a Chitchaina omwe alibe zakudya sangathe kuchita popanda chigawo ichi.
Amakumbukira kuphunziridwa kwa katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo za ku America John Olney, wochitidwa mu 1957. Iye anapeza kuti sodium glutamate ingayambitse ubongo ku makoswe. Pambuyo pake, glutamate anayamba kukayikira kuti zimachitika matenda ambiri - kuchokera kumutu wopweteka mpaka ku Alzheimer's. Otsutsa kwambiri a "zakudya zamagetsi" adalowetsedwa mu mabelu: amapezeka monosodium glutamate ndi poizoni amene amasangalatsa dongosolo la mitsempha. Ndicho chifukwa cha kupambanitsa kwa maselo a ubongo, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kosasinthika kwa dongosolo la mitsempha ndi ubongo wochuluka wa mwanayo. Zaka zingapo za glutamate sodium zinaphunziridwa mozama. Zambiri mwazinenezo zinakanidwa ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa chakudya kunkaonedwa kuti ndi kotetezeka. Ngakhale kuti "matenda a Chinese restaurant" ndi zotsatira zolakwika pa mphumu, asayansi anayenera kuvomereza. Koma pansi pa kukopa kwa makampani, bizinesiyo idakwera.
Malangizo
Masiku ano, sodium glutamate imalembedwa mwalamulo. Izi ndizovomerezeka kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito monga zakudya zowonjezera ndipo zimatchulidwa ndi code Е 621 (pazinthu zamitundu ina - MSG). Zimakhulupirira kuti zikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mikhalidwe yosavuta, glutamate sodium sichivulaza aliyense. Mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku akuluakulu sayenera kupitirira 1.5 gm, kwa achinyamata - 0,5 magalamu. Ana osapitirira zaka zitatu sayenera kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi glutamate sodium. Zonsezi, zili ndi masiku ano, malinga ndi magulu osiyanasiyana, 75-95% ya zinthu zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina osungirako zakudya kapena zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Tiyeni tiwone. Mwachiwonekere, mu mbiri ya chimodzi mwa zowonjezera kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakudya, mfundoyo siinaikidwebe. Koma zomwe zilipo ziyenera kutichenjeza ife ndikutilimbikitsa kuti tisinthe zakudya zathu ndi kusunga. Timatengeka kwambiri ndi makonzedwe athu! Zinyumba zokongola, zokometsa, ndi mitundu yonse ya mbale, mavuni, mitundu yonse ya magetsi. Zapangidwa kuti zithandize ndikufulumizitsa kukonzekera chakudya chokoma ndi chopatsa thanzi. Ndipo tsopano chakudya! Koma kodi nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito magulu onsewa, osakaniza, osakaniza, juicers, magetsi a magetsi? Ayi, sititembenuza chophika tsiku ndi tsiku - madzi otentha kuchokera ku ketulo lamagetsi, chinachake chowotha-mu microwave, chakudya chonse - kuchokera phukusi pomwepo kupita ku gome.
Zoonadi, popanda "chakudya chofulumira" ndi mankhwala ochepa, lero ndizosatheka kuti tigwire. Koma sizinapangidwe tsiku lililonse! Ngakhale soseji yophika, sausages, asayansi amauza kuti asadye nthawi zambiri. Kuphatikizana ndi zopangira zozizwitsa zakuthupi ndi fungo, zimakhalanso ndi mafuta ambiri. Choncho, kuti athandize thanzi lawo komanso thanzi la ana awo ayenera kukonzekera tokha! Zakudya zophika zophika, mapepala, cutlets, omelets, chops, nsomba komanso saladi watsopano. Kumbukirani kuti pankhani ya sodium glutamate, zotsatira zake zikhoza kuwonedwa ngati zotsatira zosasangalatsa.