Kamodzi pa nthawi, masamba a zomera izi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba. Mwinamwake, dzina la banja limachotsedwa pano. M'chi Greek, mawu akuti calathos amatanthawuza "basket".
Izi ndizomwe zimapangidwa ndi herbaceous plants. Amanena za nthawi zosatha. Masamba a calatea ndi aakulu, omwe ali pamzu, ali ndi mitsempha yambiri komanso maonekedwe okongola. Maluwa kalatei atatu. Kujambula zithunzi kungakhale kosiyana: koyera, wachikasu, wofiira. Maluwa amasonkhanitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a inflorescences (iwo amatchedwa tiketi ya spiked). Iwo akhoza kukhala apical kapena axillary.
Maranthas ndiwothamanga kwambiri kuposa kalatei, monga chinyezi cha mpweya, koma amafunikanso. Chomeracho chimatsutsana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Zidzakhalanso bwino ngati muika kalata pawindo lazenera lotsekedwa.
Chomera chamakono kalateya chimakondweretsa mwini wake ndi maluwa, makamaka masiku a chilimwe.
Kalatei: kusamalira zomera.
Kalatea ndi chomera chimene chimalimbikitsidwa ndi mthunzi. Zimakondwera ndi kuwala kosiyanasiyana, makamaka ngati kuli kowala. M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chiyenera kupereka kuwala kowala bwino. M'chaka ndi m'dzinja mbewu sichimalola kuwala kowala. Mtundu ndi ukulu wa zokongoletsera masamba zimadalira kuti kalataya imatetezedwa bwanji kumira. Ndi kuwala kowala kwakukulu, masamba angathenso kutaya mtundu, ndipo masamba angathenso kutaya kukula.
Zomera zimamva bwino m'mawindo a kumadzulo ndi kummawa. Ngati chomeracho chili pawindo lakumwera, ndiye kuti ayenera kukhala pritenyat. Chomera bwino kalatei ndi kuwala kosaoneka (ndi nyali za fulorosenti - mpaka maola 16).
M'chaka ndi m'chilimwe, kutentha kwa kalatei kuyenera kukhala pa mlingo wa madigiri 22-30. Usiku pali kuchepa pang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha sikuyenera kutaya ngakhale madigiri 18, komanso kupitirira madigiri 25, nawonso. Chomeracho chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zowonongeka ndi kutentha. Kutentha kwa dziko mu mphika kuyenera kukhala pamtunda wa madigiri 20, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe - 22. Ngati mizu ili ndi supercooled, ikhoza kufa.
Kumwa kalateya kumakhala kochulukira, kuthirira mobwerezabwereza kuyenera kuchitidwa pamene dothi la pamwamba ladothi liume. M'mazira ndi m'nyengo yozizira, madzi ayenera kukhala ochepa. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa kuti musasambe nthaka mumphika komanso kuti musayambe kuigwedeza. Komanso, musadutse mizu. Mankhwala ovuta kwambiri pa madzi okwanira ndi Makoya kalatei.
Kalatee imafuna chinyezi chachikulu - mpaka 90 peresenti. Iyenera kuyankhidwa bwino chaka chonse. Pachifukwa ichi, madzi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe anatha kuthetsa. Ndi bwino ngati izo zasankhidwa. Masamba sayenera kupeza madontho akulu, mwinamwake mdima ukhoza kuchitika.
Ngati chomera chili mu chipinda chochepetsetsa, ndiye kuti chomeracho chiyenera kupopedwa kawiri kawiri - katatu patsiku. Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi, mungathe kuika mphika wa Galatea pamapanga ndi mitsinje yamadzi, miyala. Koma tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti pansi sifika pamadzi. Kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi usiku, m'pofunika kuika mapepala a polyethylene pa chomera. Kalatei amamva bwino mu teplichkah, terrariums.
Kudyetsa kalatei ndikofunikira kuchokera koyamba kasupe masiku mpaka m'dzinja kamodzi kamodzi masabata angapo. Pochita izi, fetereza iliyonse imathandiza. M'nyengo yozizira, umuna uyenera kuchepetsedwa ndikuchitidwa kamodzi pa mwezi ndi theka. Ndizovuta ngati pali zowonjezereka za mankhwala a nayitrogeni ndi calcium m'nthaka.
Pamene nyumbayi idali yaying'ono, iyenera kuikidwa pamwezi 12 iliyonse. Kalatei yokhazikika imaikidwa, makamaka m'nyengo ya chilimwe kapena kumapeto kwa nyengo, kamodzi zaka zingapo. Pamene chomera chimaikidwa, masamba akale achotsedwa. Mphamvu yodzala kalatei safunikira kwambiri. Nthaka iyenera kumasuka, humus, yochepa acidic (pH mpaka mlingo 6). Chabwino, ngati chisakanizo cha dziko lapansi chidzakhala ndi magawo awiri a masamba a mtundu wa tsamba, chifukwa cha mchenga ndi peat. Mu nthaka mukhoza kuwonjezera malasha pamtengo. Ngati simungathe kupanga dothi lakumera lokha, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungirako. Chomerachi chikufuna madzi okonzedwa bwino.
Kubalana kwa mbewu.
- Mbewu;
- Pogwiritsa ntchito magawano a rhizomes.
Kalatei amapanga mitsempha ndi rhizomes. Akafika ku boma lachikulire, rhizomes imayamba kugwira ntchito. Mukasindikizidwa, amagawidwa bwino. Mmera waukulu ukhoza kugawikidwa mosavuta. Mukasokoneza, onetsetsani kuti mizu sinawonongeke. Tiyenera kubzala pansi ndi maziko a peat. Pambuyo pake iyenera kutsanuliridwa ndi madzi ozizira ndikupanga mapangidwe apamwamba, kenako kuthirira madzi. Miphika iyenera kuikidwa m'thumba la polyethylene ndikupita ku malo otentha. Kumeneko mbewuyo iyenera kuyima mpaka itakula.
Mavuto angakhalepo pakulatei.
- Kukula kwa mbeu kumachepetsedwa, nsonga za masamba ndi zofiirira. Chifukwa chake chingakhale mpweya wouma.
- Nsonga za masamba zimakhala mtundu wachikasu. Chifukwa - kusowa kwa zakudya m'nthaka pansi kapena kupitirira malire.
- Masambawa amapezeka ndi mawanga ndipo nthawi zambiri amamanga. Zimatheka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi m'nthaka.
- Zimayambira kufota ndi kuvunda. Chifukwa chake chimakhala chotsika kwambiri ndipo chinyezi chikuwonjezeka.
- Mapepala amayamba kugwa. Chifukwa - mu mpweya wouma m'chipinda, madzi okwanira mobwerezabwereza. Nthaka saloledwa kuti dothi.
- Mapepala amafota ndi kutaya mtundu wawo. Chifukwa chake ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Chomeracho chikhoza kuonongeka ndi kangaude, whitefly, komanso nkhanambo ndi mealybug.