Opanga magetsi amanena kuti akhoza kuthetsa vuto la njala: Zonsezi, zomera zawo zimatetezedwa ku tizirombo ndi kupereka zokolola zazikulu. Bwanji, chaka chilichonse, mayiko ambiri amakana kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osinthidwa ndi majini? Ndipo kodi zotsatira za GMO zokhudzana ndi thanzi laumunthu ndi zotani? Kambiranani?
Posachedwapa, munthu wina wa ku Russia yemwe amapuma pantchito, adadzitamandira kwa zaka zingapo kuti sakudziwa mavuto ndi mbatata yomwe ikukula pa malo ake a dacha. Ndipo onse chifukwa, chifukwa chosadziwika kwa iye, Colorado beetle sakudya. Chifukwa cha "mawu a pakamwa" mbatata mwamsangamsanga anasamukira ku minda ya mabwenzi ndi oyandikana nawo omwe sakanatha kupeza chokwanira kuchotsa masautso. Palibe mmodzi wa iwo anali ndi lingaliro loti anali kuchita ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata "New Leaf", imene inapambidwa mosamala kuchokera ku mayeso oyesa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90. Pakali pano, malinga ndi malemba a boma, mbeu yonse, yomwe idapezeka chifukwa cha kuyesayesa, iyenera kuwonongedwa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa umboni wa chitetezo chake.
Masiku ano, zigawo zosawerengeka zimapezeka mu zakudya zathu zambiri, ngakhale m'misakanizo ya ana. Tiyeni tiyesetse kumvetsetsa zomwe zamoyo zasinthika ndizoopsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi ntchito yawo.
Wamphamvuyonse
Zamakono zamakono amalola asayansi kutenga majini ku maselo a thupi limodzi ndi kuwaphatikiza iwo mu maselo a wina, amati, chomera kapena nyama. Chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe kameneka, thupi limapatsidwa chikhalidwe chatsopano - mwachitsanzo, kukana matenda ena kapena tizilombo, chilala, chisanu, ndi zina zowoneka ngati zopindulitsa. Genetic engineering yampatsa munthu mwayi wochita zozizwitsa. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo lingaliro loti lidutse, likuti, phwetekere ndi nsomba, zimawoneka zopanda pake. Ndipo lero lingaliro ili linakwaniritsidwa bwino mwa kupanga phwetekere losasinthasintha - jini la kumpoto kwa Atlantic linapangidwira mu masamba. Zomwezo zinkachitidwa ndi strawberries. Chitsanzo china ndi mbatata imene Colorado beetle sakudya (kutumizira dziko lapansi majeremusi kwa zomera zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi mapuloteni a poizoni). Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti "majeremusi" ankaphatikizidwa ndi tirigu kuti athetse malo ouma. Chibadwa cha ku Japan chinayambitsa jini la sipinachi mu genome ya nkhumba: chifukwa chake nyamayo inakhala ya mafuta ochepa.
Malingana ndi chidziwitso cha boma, mahekitala oposa 60 miliyoni afesedwa padziko lapansi lero ndi mbewu za GM (soybean, chimanga, kugwirira, thonje, mpunga, tirigu, komanso shuga beet, mbatata ndi fodya). Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zomera zimagonjetsedwa ndi herbicides, tizilombo kapena mavairasi. Zomwe zili mkati mwake zimamangidwa katemera komanso mankhwala opatsirana matenda osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, letesi yomwe imapanga katemera wa hepatitis B, nthochi yomwe ili ndi analgin, mpunga ndi vitamini A.
Mbewu kapena zipatso za Transgenic ndizowala, zazikulu, zamadzimadzi komanso zopanda ungwiro. Mudzathetsa maapulo okongola awa - amakhala maola angapo oyera ndi oyera. Ndipo mbadwa zathu "kutsanulira koyera" pambuyo pa mphindi 20 zimadetsa, chifukwa mu njira yowonjezera mavitamini, amaperekedwa mwachibadwa.
Kuposa momwe ife timakhala pangozi?
Mamiliyoni a anthu padziko lonse amadya chakudya cha GMO tsiku ndi tsiku. Pa nthawi yomweyi, funso la chikoka cha GMO pa umoyo waumunthu silinayankhidwebe. Zokambirana pa mutu uwu zikupitirira padziko lapansi kwa zaka zoposa 10. Asayansi a sayansi sadzafika pa lingaliro lodziwika bwino lomwe momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira thupi laumunthu ndi zotsatira zotheka za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo m'tsogolomu. Ndipotu, papita zaka zoposa 20 kuchokera pamene iwo akuwoneka, ndipo izi ndizofupikitsa pamapeto omaliza. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti zamoyo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda zimatha kuchititsa kusintha kwa maselo m'maselo a thupi la munthu.
Asayansi samaphatikizapo kuti GMOs ikhoza kuyambitsa matendawa ndi matenda aakulu kwambiri, komanso kuonjezera chiopsezo cha zotupa zowononga, kuteteza chitetezo cha mthupi ndi kuchititsanso chitetezo cha mankhwala ena. Tsiku lirilonse pali deta yatsopano yotsimikizira zowononga zoipa za GMO pa zinyama zoyesera, zomwe zonse zomwe zimayenda mthupi zimapitirira mofulumira kuposa anthu.
Pali kudandaula kuti kufalitsa kwa majeremusi popanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo mu kulengedwa kwa GMO kungapangitse kufalikira kwatsopano kwa mabakiteriya omwe sagonjera "zida" motsutsana ndi matenda. Pankhani imeneyi, mankhwala ambiri sangakhale othandiza.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa asayansi a ku Britain omwe anafalitsidwa mu 2002, magulu a transgenes ali ndi udindo wambiri mu thupi laumunthu ndipo, chifukwa cha chomwe chimatchedwa "kupititsa patsogolo", kuti aphatikizidwe ku zida zamatumbo za m'mimba (zomwe zinkakhala zotheka kale). Mu 2003, deta yoyamba inapezeka kuti zigawo za GM zinapezeka mkaka wa ng'ombe. Ndipo chaka chotsatira chidziwitso cholakwika cha transgens chinawonekera m'manyuzipepala mu nyama za nkhuku, kudyetsedwa pa GM chimanga.
Asayansi amatsindika makamaka zoopsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito transgenes m'ma mankhwala. Mu 2004, kampani ina ya ku America inanena za kulengedwa kwa chimanga chosiyanasiyana, chomwe chinakonzedwa kulandira chithandizo cha kulera. Kupopera mankhwala osalimba ndi mbewu zina kungayambitse mavuto aakulu ndi kubereka.
Ngakhale zili choncho, ziyenera kuwerengedwa kuti kafukufuku wa nthaŵi yaitali wa chitetezo cha mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito sakhala akuchitidwa, kotero palibe amene anganenepo za zotsatirapo zilizonse zoipa kwa anthu. Komabe, komanso kukana.
GMO mu Chirasha
Anthu ambiri a ku Russia sakayikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti zakudya zopangidwa ndi mavitamini akhala akufunika kwambiri pa zakudya zawo. Ndipotu, ngakhale kuti ku Russia palibe zomera zowonjezereka zogulitsa, maphunziro a mmunda wa GM akhala akuchitika kuyambira zaka 90. Amakhulupirira kuti mayeso oyambirira anachitika mu 1997-1998. Nkhani yawo inali mitundu yambiri ya mbatata ya "New Leaf" yomwe imatsutsa kachilomboka ka Colorado, shuga, shuga, mankhwala osakaniza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mu 1999, mayeserowa anasiya. N'zosadabwitsa kuti, nthawi yonseyi, kuchuluka kwa zokolola kunatengedwa ndi alimi ogulitsa pamodzi ndi anthu a chilimwe chifukwa chokhalera okhaokha. Choncho pamene mukugula mbatata pamsika pali mwayi "kuthamangira" "pepala latsopano" lomwelo.
Mu August 2007, chisankho chinavomerezedwa, malingana ndi momwe malonda ndi malonda ogulitsa mankhwala omwe ali ndi mavitamini ochulukirapo oposa 0,9%, ayenera kuchitidwa ngati pali chizindikiro choyenera. Komanso, kuitanitsa, kupanga ndi kugulitsa zakudya za ana, zomwe zili ndi GMOs, zinaletsedwa.
Tsoka, dziko la Russia silinakonzedwe kuti ligwiritse ntchito lamuloli, popeza mpaka lero palibe njira yothandizira kulembera, malangizo otsogolera, palibe ma laboratories okwanira omwe akuyenera kuyesa kukhalapo kwa GMO muzogulitsa. Ndipo pamene tiphunzira choonadi chonse ponena za chiyambi cha katundu m'masitolo athu, sichidziwika. Koma zowonjezereka zokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za GM zimakhala zofunika koyamba kuti muwone ngati mungazipeze kapena ayi. Ndipo musamaike moyo wanu pachiswe.
Kulemba!
Mafunde enieni sakuimira ngozi. Pali mapuloteni ambiri a masamba, zofunika ndi mavitamini. Pakalipano, ma 70% a soybean omwe amapangidwa padziko lapansi ndiwo mitundu yambiri yosinthidwa. Ndipo mtundu wa soy - wachirengedwe kapena ayi - ndi gawo la zinthu zambiri pamasamu a masitolo athu, sizikudziwika.
Zolembedwera pamtengowo "wowonjezera wowonjezera" sizikutanthauza kuti uli ndi GMOs. Ndipotu, wowuma wotere amapezeka mankhwala popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ma genetic. Koma wowonjezera ukhoza kukhalanso wochuluka - ngati GM-chimanga kapena GM-mbatata imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo.
Khalani maso!
Ku Ulaya, chifukwa cha mankhwala a GM, malo osungiramo ndalama amagawidwa m'masitolo, ndipo mndandanda wa makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakanizidwa amalembedwa. Zisanachitike, zikuoneka kuti akadali kutali kwambiri. Kodi tingachite chiyani kwa iwo omwe safuna kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamasinthidwe? Malangizo ochepa omwe angakuthandizeni kupeŵa kugula kopanda pake.
• Kunja, zopangidwa ndi zigawo za GM sizisiyana ndi zachizolowezi, ngakhale kulawa kapena mtundu, kapena kununkhiza. Choncho, musanagule mankhwalawa, werengani mosamala kalatayi, makamaka ngati chinthu chopangidwa kunja.
• Samalani kwambiri zitsulo monga mafuta a chimanga, mazira a chimanga, mafuta a chimanga, mavitamini a soya, mafuta a soya, soya msuzi, chakudya cha soya, mafuta okhota komanso mafuta a canola (kugwiriridwa mafuta).
• Mankhwala a puloteni amapezeka m'magulu otsatirawa: soseji, pate vermicelli, mowa, mkate, pies, zakudya za mazira, zakudya za nyama komanso chakudya cha ana.
• Ngati chizindikiro chotchedwa "mapuloteni a zamasamba" pamatchulidwe, mwina ndi soya - ndizotheka kuti ndi yopanda malire.
• Kawirikawiri, ma GMO amatha kubisala m'mbuyo mwa E indices. Izi ndizikuluzikulu za soyiti (E 322), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chokoleti, mitundu yonse ya kuphika, margarine ndi zakudya zambiri. Mtundu wotchedwa aspartame (E 951), umakhala wachiwiri wotchuka kwambiri ndipo umapezeka mu zakudya zambiri monga zakumwa zofewa, chokoleti chosakaniza, ching'ombe, maswiti, yogurts, olowa shuga, mavitamini, Kutenthetsa kutentha kwa +30 ° C, aspartame imatha, n'kupanga kansajeni yamtundu wamphamvu kwambiri komanso methanol yowopsa kwambiri. Kupha poizoni ndi aspartame kumayambitsa kupsa mtima, chizungulire, kupweteka, kugunda, kupweteka pamodzi komanso kutaya kwa kumva.
• Mukhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha zakudya zamkati mwazinthu zanu ngati mutakhala ndi chizolowezi chophika panyumba, osati kugula mankhwala osakanizidwa komanso mankhwala omaliza. Ndipo kudutsa njira ya khumi ndikudyera chakudya chodyera. Gwirizanani kuti nokha anakonza zokongoletsera, tirigu, supu zosiyanasiyana, zidutswa ndi mbale zina ndizosafunika ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri.