Maluwa a chomera ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka ku mdima wandiweyani. Perianth ikhoza kukhala yowoneka ngati tubular, yachitsulo kapena yala. Lili ndi timapepala asanu ndi limodzi omwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe ali m'mphepete mwake omwe ndi ochepa pang'ono. Maluwa amasonkhanitsidwa mu burashi ya inflorescence (2-8 cm m'litali), yomwe ili pamwamba pa chomera ndikukhala ndi fungo losangalatsa. Zitsulo zisanu ndi chimodzi, zokhala ndi perianth, zimakonzedwa mu mizere iwiri. Pestle ili ndi katatu yovunda, khola lalifupi la ulusi ndi tsankhu zitatu. Zipatso - bokosi.
Dzina lake ndi maluwa amphamvu a muscari, osamala omwe akufotokozedwa pansipa, analandira fungo labwino la maluwa, mofanana ndi fungo la musk. Zimakula m'madzi otsetsereka, makamaka m'mapiri otsetsereka a mapiri, pamphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'mapiri a alpine. Amagawanika m'madera otentha a Mediterranean ndi a Mediterranean, kumpoto kwa Africa, Asia. Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 60, pafupifupi 20 yomwe imakula m'mayiko omwe kale anali USSR.
Mitundu yambiri ndi yokongoletsera, chifukwa cha inflorescences yawo yowala ndi fungo losangalatsa.
Mitundu
Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri m'madera otentha a mtundu wa florists ndi Muscari Armenian (Latin Muscari armeniacum), kapena Muskari Colchic (Latin M. colchicum). Chomeracho chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 13-20. Masamba ake ndi ofanana ndi lamba, wopapatiza, ndipo amapanga rosette rosette. Maluwa aang'ono ndi ofanana ndi mbiya, onunkhira kwambiri. Zitha kukhala zoyera, zofiirira kapena zofiira, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa pamsana wa inflorescence, nthawi zina zimaoneka ngati mpira pamwamba pa peduncle. Maluwa a maluwawo ndi amphamvu kwambiri, akhoza kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 20. Maluwa omveka amapezeka mu Meyi-June kwa masiku 20-25. M'chilengedwe, zomerazi zimakula m'mapiri a Transcaucasia ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Turkey.
Muscaria ndi wofanana (Latin M. botryoides). Mitundu ya tizilombo ta tizilombo ta tizilombo timeneti timakhala ngati mzere wozungulira, mano oyera komanso nsalu zofiirira. Musamapangidwe kwambiri ngati Muskari Armenian, pafupifupi masentimita 12. Mitundu iwiri ya maluwa a Muscari ndi yamba: f. album ndi f. carneum, kusiyana ndi mtundu woyera ndi wa pinki wa maluwa, motero. Mu chilengedwe, zamoyo zimakula kumwera ndi ku Central Europe; amakonda mapiri ndi mapiri otsetsereka.
Muscular ndi racemose (Latin M. racemosum). Mitunduyi imakhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, otsika kwambiri (9-12 cm), maluwa a masiku 20-30. Maluwawo ali ndi utoto wabuluu kapena mtundu wabuluu. M'chilengedwe, mitundu imeneyi imapezeka ku Crimea, kumadera akummwera kwa Ulaya Russia, Western Transcaucasia, Mediterranean ndi Central Europe.
Muscari crested (Latin M. comosum). Mtundu wapadera wa muscari wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri, yotayirira. Maluwa ali ndi mtundu wa buluu-violet. M'chilengedwe, chomerachi chikukula kumpoto kwa Africa, South-West Asia ndi Southern Europe.
Maluwa Muscari: chisamaliro
Kuunikira. Maluwa a Muscari amalima bwino dzuwa ndi penumbra. Iwo ndi odzichepetsa, choncho si kovuta kuwasamalira. Zima-wolimba, koma usalole malo ochepa, chifukwa chomera sichimakonda kuchepa kwa madzi. Ku nthaka sikunyowetsa pansi, komabe, ndi nthaka yabwino, mababu akulu ndi amplorescences okwanira amapanga zovala zapamwamba. Muscari amasankha feteleza. Mwachitsanzo, tikulimbikitsidwa kupanga manyowa ndi humus m'nthaka ndikukumba mu mawerengedwe a makilogalamu 5 pa 1m2. Pakati pa maluwa, muscari imafuna chinyezi chochuluka, ndipo nthawi ina yonse, m'malo mwake, zimakonda kupuma.
Kubalana. Maluwa amenewa amabereka ndi mababu anyezi. Ayenera kubzalidwa pa kuya kwa masentimita 7-8 ndi pamtunda wa masentimita 10 kuchokera pa wina ndi mzake. Kuika kumayenera kuchitika patatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha. Pakabereka mbeu, ayenera kufesedwa mwamsanga mutatha kukolola, mwinamwake nthawi yomweyo amasiya kumera. Mbewu ndi zazing'ono, zakuda, kuzungulira, makwinya. Tawonani kuti muscari yowonjezera kudzifesa. M'zaka zitatu zokha mbeuzo zidzamera.
Muscari amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga chomera chokongola, chokongoletsera iwo ndi udzu, curbs ndi mapiri a alpine. Kawirikawiri amafesedwa m'mapepala akuluakulu.
Technology ya kukakamiza. Pogwiritsa ntchito distillation, Muskari Armenian imagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawizina Muscari ndi yoboola kwambiri. Kukula kwa bulbu kovomerezeka pamtunda ndi pafupifupi masentimita 6. Zomwe zimabzala zimakhala 20-25 ° C, kuyambira mu October, kutentha kwafupika kufika 17 ° C. Malo ogwiritsiridwa ntchito bwino ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nkhaniyi iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa ndi tizilombo tisanayambe kubzala. Kudyetsa kumalimbikitsidwa mu nthaka yonyowa, koma nthaka yothira motere: kumapeto kwa September-November. Kutentha kwa nthaka sikuyenera kulowerera ndale. Mutabzala, m'pofunikira kukhetsa bwino zinthuzo ndikuzisunga mozizira. Ulamuliro wa kutentha: 9 0 C kwa milungu isanu yokhala ndi rooting, 5 0 C kwa masabata 11-12. Ngati kuli koyenera kubwezeretsa nthawi ya rooting, tsitsani kutentha kwa 1-2 0 C. Muscari imamera patatha masabata atatu kutentha kwafika 13-15 ° C.