Mitengo imakhala ndi maluwa a axillary, miyendo yawo ndi yaitali. Ma corollas a maluwawo ndi aakulu, ofanana ndi zigoba, amatha kutchera mabotolo asanu, amakhala ndi zev. Maluwa a maluwa amatha, tubular ndi 5 makululu. Mu mtundu wa Sinningia pafupifupi mitundu 20 ya zomera. Zimakhala zofala kumadera otentha a ku South America, kawirikawiri kumadera a Brazil.
Zigawo zina zimasiyanitsa gloxinium yoyenera, monga mtundu, pafupi ndi zomera za mtundu wa Sinningia. Gloxinium ilibe tubers. Mitengo iyi imapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa syningia. Mu mtundu wa zomera izi pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yokha. Mitundu yokongoletsa imapezeka kumwera kwa America m'madera otentha. Mu mtundu wolima, mtundu wokha umene umatchedwa G. Perennis umadziwika .
Kulemba: mavuto
Kugawo la Brazil, chomera chosadziwika chinapezeka. Kumunsi kwa izo kunali rhizome ya scaly, ndipo duwa linkawoneka ngati belu. Izi zinali mu 1785. Chomera ichi chinali choyamba cha mtundu watsopano. Adalandira dzina laling'ono la Gloksinia. Dzina limeneli linaperekedwa ku chomera polemekeza wolemba zachilengedwe wa Strasbourg Gloksin BP
M'zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 1900, chomera chinabweretsedwa kuchokera ku mataiko a ku America, omwe amawoneka ngati oimira a genus gloxinia, koma anali osiyana chifukwa anali ndi tuber. Koma mawonekedwe a duwa ndi mawonekedwe ake anali ofanana ndi zomera, zomwe zimapereka zifukwa zowonjezera kuti zimakhala ndi mtundu wamba. Mtundu umenewu unkatchedwa gloxinium wokongola. Kuchokera kwa iye, chifukwa cha kusamba kwa nthawi yayitali, mitundu yambiri ya ma gloxin yomwe tsopano ilipo, yomwe ife timayang'ana pazenera zathu. Iwo ali ndi mitundu yozizwitsa ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa. Kukula kwake kwa oimira mitundu yatsopano ya gloxinia wokongola kunkawonjezeka katatu, ngati muwayerekeza ndi maluwa a mawonekedwe a makolo.
Koma botanist sanasinthe popanda kusokonezeka. Mu 1925, mtundu wina wa zomera unafotokozedwa, womwe ndi wa banja lomwe gloxinia ali, ku Gesneria. Pofananitsa, chodziwikacho chinali kukhalapo kwa tubers, ndipo kanali kosiyana ndi kapangidwe ka duwa. Cholinga chatsopano chinatchulidwa V. V. Machimo, yemwe anali munda wamaluwa ku Botanical Garden ku University of Bonn.
Pambuyo pake, akatswiri a zitsamba amakhulupirirabe kuti kungakhale koyenera kuika gloxinia kukhala yabwino kwa mtundu wa syning zomera, chifukwa zizindikiro zonse ndi malamulo a zomera amasonyeza izi. Koma panthaĊµiyi gloxinia kale alimi ambiri komanso okonda maluwa amkati anali ndi nthawi yophunzira ndi kukondana, ndipo dzina loti "gloxinium" limakhazikitsidwa kwambiri mu chomera. M'Chijeremani, mawu akuti Glocke amatembenuzidwa ngati "belu", ndipo florets ku gloxinia amakumbukira mabelu, kotero amateurs anali ovuta kutsutsa kulondola kwa dzina la chomera cha genus gloxinia.
M'mabuku apadera zomera zimatchedwa gloxinia wosakanizidwa kapena gloxinium zokongola, komabe, ufulu wawo wobadwa nawo ndi wa syningia wokongola. Moyenera - syningia ndi yokongola - aliyense amadziwa zodabwitsa za gloxinia zokongola zimatchulidwa kokha m'mabuku okhudza botanical.
Mitengo ya Gloxinium: chisamaliro
Zipindazi zimakonda kuwala, koma zimabalalika. Ndi bwino kuika miphika nawo mawindo akummawa kapena kumadzulo. Kumbali ya kumwera, zomera zimayikidwa kutali ndi mawindo, kotero kuti palibe kuwala kolunjika kuchokera ku dzuwa. Kuyambira pa February mpaka mpaka Meyi masiku amodzi akhoza kubisika.
Gloxinia - zomera zomwe zimakonda kutentha. Iwo samalola kulekerera kutentha ndi zojambula. Mbewu zimayankha bwino kutentha kwake. Usiku uyenera kukhala pafupifupi madigiri 18, ndipo masana - pafupifupi 22. Pamene nthawi yonse ikubwera, zomera zimayenera kutentha kwa madigiri 10 kapena 14.
Pamene nyengo ikukula imayenera kuthirira madzi ambiri, omwe amatha kuthetsa. Kumwetseranso madzi kumayenera kuchitidwa pamene mapamwamba a dziko lapansi akuuma. Kutentha kwa madzi kumadalira kukula kwa zomera ndi chitukuko chawo. M'miyezi yozizira, imayenera kukhala yotentha (pafupifupi madigiri 22), panthawi yomwe sikofunikira kuti iperepese gloxinia. Pakakhala nthawi yopumula, kuthirira zomera sikuyenera kukhala kochepa.
Pakati pa zomera za gloxinia (syningia), kutentha kwa mpweya kumafunika, sikungalekerere ingress ya madzi pamaluwa ndi masamba. Ndi chifukwa chake mpweya wochokera ku sprayer umapangidwira pafupi ndi chomeracho. Mukhoza kuika mphika pa dongo lonyowa kapena miyala. Chotsatira sayenera kufika pamadzi.
Mitengo ikafika zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, imatha kukhala ndi nthawi yaitali komanso yobiriwira: kuyambira May mpaka September. Panthawiyi chomeracho chimapereka mazana a maluwa okongola, nthawi zambiri panthawi yomweyo, maluwa 15 maluwa. Kuti nthawiyi ipitirire nthawi yayitali, m'pofunika kudula mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mu Synning, nthawi yopuma imatchulidwa momveka bwino. Mbewu ikatha, imwani madzi pang'ono. Masamba akafalikira, tubers imasiyidwa pansi, pamene kutentha kwa autumn ndi yozizira sayenera kuwuka kuposa madigiri 14. Nthawi zina mumayenera kuyendera tubers ya chomera. Ngati atakwinya kwambiri, amafunika kuthirira, koma osati nthawi zambiri. Ngati chokonzekera chodzala chipinda, chizindikiro choyamba chokonzekera chodzala ndi maonekedwe a impso pa tubers. Kuchokera mu January mpaka February, tubers ayenera kufukula ndikubzala kachiwiri, atatha kuyeretsedwa, kumalo okonzedwa bwino. Miphika ayenera kukhala, pafupifupi, masentimita 13. Madzi ozama kwambiri ayenera kukhala kuti impso zikhale ndi mamita masentimita a dziko lapansi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo nthaka, mapepala - mbali, mchenga - osachepera. Mukamabzala nthaka, madzi amawunikira, kutentha kumakhala pafupifupi 20 g.
Kuchuluka kwa tubers kumadalira kukula kwa tubers. M'zinthu zam'chipindala ndi bwino kuchoka pa mphukira kapena imodzi, yotchuka kwambiri. Dyetsani chomeracho chiyenera kuyamba kuyambira masiku oyambirira a mwezi wa April. Kupaka zovala zapamwamba kumachitika mpaka August. Manyowa ayenera kukhala ndi potaziyamu, phosphorous, nayitrogeni. Mukhoza kuthirira mbewu ndi organic, mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsedwa kwa madzi ndi mullein. Koma nayitrogeni ikhoza kuyambitsa mapangidwe a maluwa ang'onoang'ono ndi masamba owopsya, izi sizili zabwino kwa chomera.
Synning (gloxinia) ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu, komanso tsamba la cuttings. Kusinthanitsa kumafalitsidwa pokhapokha ndi chithandizo cha tubers. Chomeracho chimatha kugonjetsedwa ndi kangaude, whitefly ndi scutellum. Kawirikawiri chomeracho chimakhala ndi chikoka cha mealybug.