Lemons lachipinda: kufotokoza.
Kawirikawiri nyumba za mandimu ndizochepa zokongola mitengo yomwe ili ndi masamba obiriwira omwe amatha kudzaza chipindacho ndi kununkhira kwa maloto, kuwonetsa maluwa okongola, chonde ndi ziphuphu zobiriwira, panthawi yomwe ili ndi zipatso za golide, zomwe zimabweretsa chimwemwe ndi thanzi kwa eni ake.
Ku Russia, mbiri ya maonekedwe a chomera ichi yasungidwa. Chodabwitsa, poyamba zomera za citrus zimapezeka m'nyumba za anthu osauka. Zaka zoposa 100 zapitazo, wojambulajambula anabweretsa makoko awiri ku Pavlovo (ku Oka) ochokera ku Turkey, komwe kunali mitengo ya mandimu. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mandimu amakula pakhomo ndipo alendo onse amene amabwera ku mzinda wa Pavlovo adzawona mawindo a zipatso ndi zipatso za zipatso.
Dziko la citrus: madera otentha ndi otentha, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Choncho, pofuna kukula bwino, maluwa ndi kukhalapo kwa zipatso, zomera zimasowa kuwala, chinyezi ndi kutentha kokwanira.
Mitengo ya citrus, mandimu yadziwika kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'zotengera, komanso m'mapangidwe a mafakitale.
Mtengo wa mandimu ndi wowongolera, osati wapamwamba, m'mitundu yambiri mmenemo muli nthambi zowoneka bwino. Maluwa a mandimu akupitirizabe m'nyengo yozizira, ikuphulika ndi maluwa onunkhira. Pa zipatso zonse zakupsa zipatso ndi zipatso zobiriwira zingakhale panthawi yomweyo. Mukasiya zipatso zokoma pamtengo, zidzasanduka zobiriwira, ndipo zidzakhalanso zachikasu mu nyengo yatsopano.
Bzalani mbewu zikufunikira mwatsopano, ndiko kuti, zimachotsedwamo ndi mandimu. Patapita mwezi umodzi akuwombera akuyamba kuwonekera. Ali ndi zaka zitatu, chomeracho chimabzalidwa ndi olemba, ndipo makungwawo amalekanitsidwa bwino, nthawiyi imapezeka mu Meyi kapena August. Ngati chomera chiri ndi zaka zoposa zitatu, ndiye kuti chodzala ndi cuttings ndi kukhalapo kwa impso ziwiri. Pachifukwa ichi, chomeracho chimayamba kubala zipatso pambuyo pa zaka zitatu. Mbewu yoyamba iyenera kuchotsedwa. Kwa zaka zinayi mukhoza kuchoka pamtengo 4 mazira oyimba. Nthawi iliyonse katundu wa zipatso amakula, ndipo pamtengo waukulu akhoza kukhala angapo.
Mitengo yonse ya mandimu yomwe imakula muzipinda zam'chipinda imakhala yodziwika nthawi yambiri m'moyo wawo. Kwa chaka, maluwa, motero kuimbidwa kwa chipatso nthawi zina kunkachitika katatu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kukula kwa zomera kumakhala mafunde, pamene mphukira zatsopano zimakula pa nthambi.
Mothandizidwa kuti musathenso mutha kufulumira kuyamba kwa maluwa. Nthawi iliyonse mphukira yachinyamata imasiya masamba 3-5, pamwamba pake pali chotsacho. Mitengo ya mandimu imapangidwa motere. Masambawa amakhala awiri nthawi zambiri ndipo mumtengo zinthu zofunika kuti maluwa aziwoneka bwino komanso kuti fruiting ipindule. Pachifukwa ichi, mitengo ya mandimu imayamba kuphulika chaka choyamba, sizimawatsuka masamba ndipo sichikudwala.
Tsamba la citrus lingathe kukhala pafupifupi zaka zitatu. Zinadziwika kuti zokolola zimadalira kusungidwa kwa tsamba la tsamba.
Kupititsa patsogolo maluwa, ndizotheka ndipo mwa njira ina: ngati mtengo wa mandimu unakula kuchokera ku cuttings, sichikuikidwa, koma umasamutsidwa kufikira zaka ziwiri.
Chomera chotsitsa chimachitika pokhapokha pamene mizu ikugwiritsira ntchito chidebe chonse ndikusiya mabowo.
Malamulo a mandimu.
Malo. Lemu - zomera zomwe sizikukonda amajambula ndi kusankha dzuwa losweka. Kwa moyo wabwino wa chomera umayikidwa pambali, pafupi ndi zenera. M'chilimwe, mtengo ukhoza kuikidwa pamsewu. M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chimayikidwa mu chipinda chowotcha mpweya ndi kutentha kwa 8 o C.
Mafinya amakula pa madigiri 15-17, ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu, izi zimakhudza maluwa. Koma panthawi ya chitukuko cha nyemba, kutentha kumafunika madigiri 2. M'nthawi yachisanu-yozizira amalangizidwa kuti apereke chomeracho ndi kuunikira kwina, motero kuwonjezera tsiku lowala kwa maola ochepera 4.
Kuthirira. Kuthirira kumakhala kosavuta ndipo kumachitika ngati gawo lapansi limauma ndi madzi ozizira. M'mawa ndi madzulo ndikofunikira kupopera masamba, chifukwa chomera sichimalola mpweya wouma, ndipo umayamba kusamba maluwa ndi masamba. Ngati chomeracho chimasungidwa pa 20 ° C kapena kuposa, limalangizidwa kuti chiwonjezere chinyezi cha mlengalenga, chifukwa izi ndi zokwanira kuika chidebe chodzaza madzi pafupi ndi chomera.
Chisamaliro. M'chilimwe, zomera zimamera masiku 10 kamodzi, m'nyengo yozizira masiku 30.
Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya 0,5% ya potaziyamu nitrate ndi chisakanizo cha mankhwala a superphosphate ndi kuwonjezera kwa slurry. Mu feteleza monga mawonekedwe a slurry (pa mlingo wa gawo limodzi la manyowa, pa magawo 10 a madzi), chomera chikusowa makamaka mu Meyi.
Korona wa mtengo umafuna kupanga. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mbewuyi imadulidwa mu February ndi nsonga, koma masamba 5-6 masamba, omwe kenako amapanga mphukira yoyamba, yomwe ili symmetrically ili 3-4 mphukira. Choncho pangani nthambi yachiwiri. Pambuyo mapangidwe 4 nthambi za chitsamba amaonedwa kuti anapanga. Mpaka chitsambacho chikapangidwe, maluwa saloledwa, chifukwa maluwawo akawonekera, kukula kwa vegetative kumasiya.
Amatulutsa mandimu yokhala ndi burashi kapena phokoso la thonje, yomwe mungu umachokera ku maluwa ena mpaka pistils ya mitundu ina.
Kusindikiza. Mu moyo wawo wonse, zipindazi zimatha kukula m'miphika iwiri. Choyamba, mandimu imabzala mu mphika woyamba 20-25 masentimita, koma ikangokula yaing'ono zomera zimasamutsidwa ku mphika wa 40-45 cm.
The zikuchokera zakudya zakudya osakaniza: humus, turf ndi tsamba lapansi, mchenga, chirichonse amatengedwa mu ofanana mbali. Phika ayenera kukhala ndi ngalande.
Kufalitsa ndi cuttings, kukulumikiza ndi kupuma.
Kuyambira achinyamata yakucha mphukira (0,5 cm mu makulidwe) cuttings kudula kumayambiriro July. Cuttings ayenera kukhala ndi impso 4 ndi kutalika 10-12 masentimita. Mdulidwe wa m'munsiwu umadutsamo mfundo, ndipo chapamwamba pamwamba pa impso ndi 3 mm. Masamba a m'munsi amachotsedwa, ndipo phesi limabzalidwa mchenga wa mchenga (asanatsukidwe) ndikuphimbidwa ndi polyethylene.
Matenda. Mpweya wouma, ma drafts, atanyamula chomera kuchokera kumalo ndi malo, kuthirira madzi ndi kuyanika kwadothi m'nyengo yozizira - zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo iyambe kutaya masamba.