Maluwa okongola omwe amapezeka mkati mwake, osamalirako omwe sali ovuta, okondweretsa ndi maluwa ake kuyambira kumapeto kwa autumn mpaka masika. Maluwa ake oyambirira a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ofanana ndi agulugufe akukwera pamwamba pa chomeracho. Amachoka mumtsinjewo, amakhala obiriwira, amakhala obiriwira komanso amtundu wobiriwira, amakula pamwamba pa phokoso lalikulu lomwe lili ndi masentimita 15.
Pali lingaliro lakuti m'nyumba cyclamen maluwa n'zovuta kukula mu chipinda. Izi siziri zoona. Ndi cyclamen, yotengedwa kuchokera kwa bwenzi, sipadzakhala mavuto aakulu. Koma zomera zimagulidwa mu sitolo, kukhala mu chipinda chovuta. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti izi zisanachitike, cyclamen maluwa inakula mu coolhouses ozizira. Atagula, amazoloŵera mpweya wouma wa nyumba zathu ndi nyumba kwa nthawi yaitali. Koma, ngati mutayesetsa pang'ono, kulimbitsa cyclamen kungakhale ndi zaka 25! Mitundu iwiri ya njoka zam'madzi zimamera m'chipinda chimodzi: Cyclamen Persian ndi Cyclamen European. Ngakhale kuti ndi ofanana, amasiyana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe ndi kukula.
European Cyclamen
Kuchokera ku Persian cyclamen, Ulaya ndi yosiyana chifukwa imakhala ndi tuber yaing'ono yambiri, masamba ndi ofiira pansipa. Amamera bwino m'mawindo otentha a temperature ya +18 - +20 madigiri ndi mpweya wouma, mu penumbra. Malo abwino kwambiri osakaniza nthaka: sod, masamba a masamba, humus, peat, mchenga (2: 2: 2: 2: 1). Madzi a cyclamen kuchokera ku tray ndi madzi ozizira (madigiri 3-4 pansipa kutentha kwa chipinda), m'chilimwe kwambiri, m'nyengo yozizira ndizochepa. Mitunduyi ilibe nthawi yopumula, m'nyengo yozizira imatha kutaya masamba ena, koma maluwa atsopano adzakula - ndipo zomera zidzaphuka. Alalikireni ndi tubers, zomwe zimasiyanitsa mosavuta patsiku, kapena kupatulidwa kwa mphukira. Amagona ndi dziko lapansi. Mbewu sizimafalitsidwa.
Cyclamen Persian
Maluwa otchedwa flowerccenen a Persian omwe amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Iwo amagulidwa mu sitolo kapena amapezeka ndi pollination. Kuti muchite izi, sungani munguwu ndi burashi yofewa kuchokera ku duwa la chomera chimodzi mpaka kunyoza wina, kubwereza njira iyi kuti mukhale odalirika 2 mpaka 3. Nthaŵi yabwino yopanga mungu ndikumayambiriro. Mbewu idzaphuka mu miyezi 3 mpaka 4. Amasonkhanitsa, amayeretsa ndipo nthawi yomweyo amafesa, pamene amatha kumera mwamsanga.
Mbewu imafesedwa mu mbale ndi masamba osakaniza padziko lapansi ndi mchenga (4: 1), atagona m'mabowo umodzi ndi umodzi. Pansi pa mbaleyo mupange mabowo a madzi okwanira - kukhetsa madzi owonjezera. Kuzama kwa mbeu 0,5 - 0.7 cm, kukonzedwa ndi 1x1 masentimita kapena 2x2, pamwamba pamakhala ndi pepala. Amathiridwa pamapepala, osalola kuti dothi liume. Pepalali limateteza mbeu kuchokera ku compaction ndi maonekedwe a moss pa izo. Kuwombera kumawonekera pa tsiku la 25 mpaka 30 pa kutentha kwa madigirii -20+ (mumdima). Pamene zimamera, mbale zimatulutsidwa, pepala imachotsedwa, koma zimatetezedwa ku dzuwa. Thirani mosamala kuchokera ku syringe, kuyesa kuthirira pansi, osati zomera. Koma mulimonsemo masamba ayenera kuuma usiku. Patapita milungu iwiri, zomera zimadyetsedwa ndi yankho la ammonium sulphate (2 g pa lita imodzi). Ndipo pambuyo pa masiku 10 - potaziyamu nitrate (1 g pa lita imodzi ya madzi). Pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5 mbande zili ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu. Iwo amawomba molingana ndi chiwembu cha 3x3 masentimita, mitsempha imaphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi.
Kusamalira chilimwe kwa cyclamen
Pakuti chilimwe, m'nyumba cyclamen maluwa akhoza kunyamulidwa kwa wowonjezera kutentha. Kusamalira iwo kumachitika malinga ndi malamulo ena. Dziko lapansi likadzathirira sizingatheke madzi, mwinamwake ziphuphu zidzatha ndi kufa. Cyclamens amadyetsedwa nthawi zambiri ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein (1:20) kapena feteleza wothira mafuta (1 g pa lita imodzi). M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri, mbande zimafalikira 3 mpaka 4 pa tsiku ndi syringe kapena utsi, mthunzi ndi chivundikiro, ndi mpweya. Mu September, mbande zimabweretsedwa m'chipindamo ndikuyenda mtunda wautali (5 - 6 cm), panthawiyi ayenera kukhala ndi masamba 5 mpaka 6. Ma tebulo ndi mbande akhoza kuikidwa pa alumali ataimitsidwa pafupi ndi zenera. M'nyengo yozizira amakhala omasuka pa kutentha kwa +10 - + madigiri 12. Anavala bwino.
Patangotha miyezi 3-4 kuchokera kumatenga kachiwiri, zomera zimasungidwa mu miphika ndi masentimita 9 masentimita mu chisakanizo cha peat, tsamba la nthaka, humus, mchenga (2: 1: 1: 1), kusowa tuber kwathunthu, koma 2/3 okha. Cyclamens imakula bwino m'miphika yapansi (chiŵerengero cha kutalika kufika m'lifupi 0.6: 1). Kwa chilimwe, miphika ndi achinyamata cyclamen ayenera makamaka kubweretsa ku wowonjezera kutentha. Kutsirizira kotsiriza, mu miphika yomwe ili ndi madigiri 15 - 17 masentimita, kuchitika mu July, kutaya tuber ndi theka. Poyambirira kuti amasulire tuber pansi, mofulumira idzakula lignified ndi duwa. Ngati ilo liri lotsekedwa kwathunthu ndi dziko lapansi, ilo lidzavunda. M'chilimwe, timadya timadzi timene timatulutsa ndowe (1:10) kapena feteleza wambiri (3 - 5 g pa lita imodzi) milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Kusamalira ma cyclamens m'dzinja nthawi
Mu August, yambani kukwiya mkati mwa maluwa cyclamens, popanda kutseka hotbed ngakhale usiku. Kutentha kutentha ndi mame am'mawa zimalimbikitsa tsinde ndi tuber. Kupopera mbewu kwa zomera sikuchititsanso: kumatha kusinthasintha tuber. Chotsani masamba achikasu ndi masamba omwe angawoneke, ndipo masamba abwino amagwadira ku tuber anali padzuwa. Mu September-Oktoba (malingana ndi dera), isanayambe chisanu, cyclamen imabweretsedwa m'chipindamo ndi kutentha kwa +10 - + digrii 12 (ikhoza kuikidwa pakati pa mafelemu). Malo ayenera kukhala owala. Idyani madzi ndi madigiri 12. Madzi sayenera kufika pamtunda wa tuber, kuti asavunda. Mu November, cyclamen imamera komanso imamera miyezi 2 mpaka 2.5.
Zopindulitsa
Chinthu chachikulu cha kukula kwa Persian cyclamen ndi nyengo yozizira (+10 - +15 degrees). Chikhalidwe chachiwiri ndi ulamuliro wothirira madzi. Cyclamen imathiriridwa kokha ngati malo apamwamba a dziko lapansi amauma pamphepete mwa mphika. Chitani izi mofatsa, ndi madzi ofewa, kuyesera kuti musamachepetse masamba ndi nsonga ya tsinde kumene kukula kwake kuli. Mafuta owonjezera kuchokera ku poto akukhetsedwa. Zowola zowola ndi masamba amachotsa, kukanikiza pa tuber palokha. Malo awa ndi owazidwa ndi mafuta a malasha. Zina mwa tizirombo za cyclamen, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi cyclamen nthata ndizoopsa. Kuphika nsabwe za m'masamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi fodya kulowetsedwa (40 g fumbi fodya ndi 5 magalamu a sungunuka ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre). Ndipo kuchokera mite - kulowetsedwa wa peeled anyezi (20 g pa 1 lita imodzi, kunena 2 masiku).
Kusamalira ma cyclamens mutatha maluwa
Pambuyo maluwa, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, koma siima. Mu June, masamba akamauma, miphika ndi zomera zimayikidwa pa mbiya pamalo ozizira. Mu August, pamene tuber imatulutsa mphukira zoyambirira, imayikidwa mu mphika wa nthaka yatsopano (tsamba lapansi, humus, peat ndi mchenga 3: 1: 1: 1) ndi kuwonjezera pa makala amakala. Pamene kukumbidwa kudulidwa mizu yovunda, kupanga bwino drainage, tubers amakaikidwa pa 2/3 a kutalika. Zomwe zimabzala zimateteza kukula kwa maluwa ndipo zimayambitsa kuika maluwa. Maluwa okongola a cyclamen ndi ofunika kwambiri. Ngati mutatsatira malangizowo onse, maluwa amenewa adzakondwera nthawi yaitali.