Mtundu wa Cyclamen uli ndi mitundu makumi asanu ya zomera zomwe zimapezeka m'banja la primrose. Dera limene anapeza poyamba ndi Central Europe, komanso Asia Minor. Cyclamen ndi chomera chokhazikika, chosatha, chokhala ndi mizu ya tuberous, yomwe imakhuthala pang'ono. Kutaya mmenemo ndi kwakukulu, ndi long cuttings, kuzungulira-lobed, wobiriwira. Maluwa ali pazitali za peduncles, ndipo amakhala ndi maonekedwe ochepa.
Pali lingaliro lakuti nyumba yopanga nyumba yovuta imakhala yovuta kukula m'nyumba, koma ili kutali ndi choonadi. Ngati izo zakula mothandizidwa ndi malamulo onse, zidzakondweretsa alimi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mavuto angabwere ndi mitundu yomwe yagulitsidwa mu sitolo.
Kusamalira mbewu.
Kuunikira. Chifukwa cha chikondi chonse cha chomera ichi, samasuntha kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ngati tilankhula za mbali ya dziko, ndiye kuti ali abwino kumadzulo ndi kummawa.
Kutentha kwa boma. Ngati tilankhula za momwe zinthu zidzakhalire kuti zikhale bwino komanso zimakhala zobiriwira, ndiye kuti zikhoza kugawidwa m'nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, ndibwino kuyika m'chipindamo ndi kutentha kwa 18-25C, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira ayenera kukhala chipinda chowala komanso chozizira ndi kutentha kwa 10C, koma osati kuposa 12-14C.
Kuthirira. Pamene nyumbayi ikumera, imayenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka kapena moyenera. Musalole madzilogging kapena kuyanika dzikolo. Madzi oyenera a ulimi wothirira amasungidwa bwino. Ponena za kuthirira, ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, ndi pamphepete mwa mphika; Musalole kuti madzi alowemo masamba ndi tubers. Choncho, mungathe kuthirira madzi ndi kupyolera mu phala. Komanso, chomeracho sichitha kukhala ndi moyo ngati madzi alowa pakati pa mbeu, popeza tuber ikhoza kuvunda. Ngati tilankhula za kutentha kwa madzi, ndiye kuti ziyenera kukhala madigiri angapo kupatula kutentha kwa chipinda. Pambuyo kuthirira, pambuyo pa ola limodzi kapena awiri, madzi a poto, ngati alipo, ayenera kuthiridwa, mwinamwake mizu ingayambe kuvunda. Pambuyo pa mbeuyo, madzi ambiri amayamba kuchepa, ndipo nthawi ya chilimwe imakhala yosathiridwa madzi akamasamba akasupe.
Pamene nthawi yobonekera ikubwera, zomera za cyclamen ziyenera kupopedwa. Ndipo atatha kuoneka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumayimitsidwa kuti asathenso kuvunda. Ngati mukufunika kuwonjezera chinyezi, ndiye kuti mukhola mungathe kuika mchere wothira kapena udothi wochuluka (miyala yowonongeka ikuyeneranso). Koma kumbukirani kuti pansi sikuyenera kukhudza madzi. Mvula imakhala yofunikanso, koma mungagwiritsenso ntchito madzi osasunthika, omwe akuyenda bwino.
Kupaka pamwamba. Pamene masamba akuyamba kuonekera pa chomera, koma kulibe maluwa, chomera chiyenera kudyetsedwa ndi mchere feteleza; kuchuluka kwa feteleza - milungu iwiri iliyonse. Cyclamens amakonda organic feteleza. Ndipo ndi nitrojeni feteleza, muyenera kusamala, simungakhoze kuwonjezera pazinthu zambiri, chifukwa akhoza kusintha mizu ya tubers.
Maluwa. Cyclamen ndi chomera chomwe chimakula pafupi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri khumi ndi ziwiri, chaka ndi chaka kufikira maluwa 70 akhoza kuwonekera. Maluwa amenewo omwe aphulika ndi otayika, amatsuka ndi pedicel. Pamene chomera chikuyamba kufota, i.e. imatha ndipo masamba amatembenukira chikasu, m'pofunika kuwatsitsa pazu (koma osadulidwa). Pambuyo pa malowa, malowa amawaza ufa wochuluka kuchokera ku makala.
Kubalana. Kuberekera kwa cyclamen kuli kovuta kunyumba. Kaŵirikaŵiri zimafalitsa pogawaniza tuber. Pali kusiyana kwa kubalana ndi mbewu, koma iyi ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri.
Kuti mupeze mbewu zonse kunyumba, ndiye kuti mtanda wopangidwa bwino ndiwofunika. Muyenera kutenga burashi yofewa, ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kuti mutenge mungu kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi ndikuchiyika pa pestle wa chomera china. Ndibwino kudyetsa cyclamen panthawiyi ndi phosphorus-potaziyamu feteleza.
Nthawi yabwino yofesa ndi August, chifukwa chilimwe izi zimakhala ndi nthawi yopumula.
Musanafese, nthawi zina zimathiridwa ndi njira yothetsera shuga (5%) ndi kutenga mbewu zomwe zagwa pansi; Mbeu zomwe zagwera sizikugwirizana. Nthawi zina njere zimalowetsedwa mu njira yothetsera zircon.
Kwa gawo lapansi, zopangira zowala zimatengedwa. Mitengo ya masamba ndi peat, mu chiŵerengero cha imodzi, kapena peat ndi vermiculite, idzakhala yoyenera mu chiŵerengero chofanana.
Chomeracho chimayambitsidwa, kenako mbewuyi imayikidwa pamwamba pake ndipo imakhala ndi wosanjikiza wa dziko lapansi 0.5-1 masentimita wandiweyani. Kuti zimere, mbewu sizifunikira kuwala, chifukwa zimatha kuwonetsedwa ndi filimu yomwe siimatulutsa kuwala. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa iwo kuli pafupi + 20C, kutentha pamwambapa mbewu zimatha "kugona" ndi kumera. Kutentha sikumayandikira ndi pansipa + 18С, monga mbewu zidzavunda. Musaiwale kuyang'anitsitsa zinyontho m'nthaka, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi zimayenera kutseketsa chidebe ndi mbewu.
Nthawi yoyenera kumera nthawi yabwino yotentha imangotha mwezi umodzi. Pambuyo kumera, filimuyo imachotsedwa pamwamba, ndipo chidebecho chimayikidwa pamalo omwe ali bwino, koma popanda dzuwa. Kutentha kumakhala kochepa, pafupi + 15-17С.
Pambuyo pa mawonekedwe a mitsempha ndi masamba 2-3 mu mbande, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachitika mu December, zimayikidwa mu mphika, komwe kuli pepala lapansi (mbali ziwiri), peat (gawo limodzi) ndi mchenga (gawo la 0.5). Mankhwala amayenera kuikidwa ndi dziko lapansi (akuluakulu safunikira kuchita izi). Pambuyo pa kusakaniza mu chisakanizo chatsopano, patapita pafupifupi sabata, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera feteleza, zomwe ziyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi theka. A 0.2% njira ya ammonium sulphite (2 magalamu pa lita) adzakhala abwino, ndipo pambuyo 0.1 masiku kuwonjezera 0.1% potaziyamu nitrate.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo mbande zaikidwa kale miphika yosiyana.
Nkhuku zowonjezereka za mbeu zidzamera pambuyo pofesa m'miyezi 14.
Kusamala.
Cyclamen, makamaka mitundu yake - cyclamen Persian, ili ndi zinthu zoopsa. Zambiri zomwe zili mu tubers. Uphe uwu ukhoza kuyambitsa kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kapena kupweteka.
Zovuta za chisamaliro.
Mmerawo ukhoza kusokonezedwa ndi weevil ya mphesa. Pankhani iyi, zimayambira zidzasweka ndi kufa. Choncho, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse kuti mukhale ndi mphutsi zakuda, zokhala ndi bulauni.
Ngati chipinda chimakhala chonyowa kwambiri, ndipo kutentha sikukwera kwambiri, ndiye kuti maluwa ndi masamba amatha kuoneka ngati chimbudzi chovunda.
Kuwonjezera pa weevil, chomeracho chikhoza kuwonongeka ndi cyclamen mite. Chotsani mu mawonekedwe a kusintha - kuwonongeka, kapena musakule; Maluwa amayamba kufota, masamba ndi peduncles zimapweteka. Ngati chomeracho chiri ndi kachilombo, ndiye kuti chiyenera kutayidwa, popeza n'kosatheka kuchotsa nkhupakupa.
Cyclamen salola kuleza kutentha, kotero kutentha pamwamba + 17C, pamene mpweya ndi ofunda ndi wouma, masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa ndipo mbewu idzatha. Zomwezo zidzachitika ngati sikukwanira kuthirira mbewuyo ndipo idzaima dzuwa.