Hathiora ndi mtundu wa banja la cacti. Mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu 7 ya zomera zomwe zimapezeka kum'maŵa kwa Brazil. Joseph Rose ndi Nathaniel Britton anatchula mtundu uwu mu 1923. Ndipo dzina lake Thomas Charyote - wojambula bwino wa Chingerezi, yemwe anakhalapo m'zaka za zana la 16. Dzina la mtunduwu ndi anagram ya dzina la Thomas Chariote.
Zomera za mtundu wa hathior ndi lithophytic ndi epiphytic cacti zokhala ndi zigawo zina. Mtundu uwu wa cacti ndi wofanana ndi mtundu wa Ripsalis, komabe pali kusiyana.
Kusamalira mbewu.
Kuunikira. Mitengo ya nyumba ikhoza kukula mu penumbra, koma ndi zofunika kuti ikhale ndi kuwala kowala, monga kusowa kwa kuwala kumakhudza chitukuko ndi zimayambira - zomera zimakula bwino ndipo pamphepete mwa zimayambira zidzasanduka chikasu. Kuwala konyezimira n'kofunika kuti ukhale ndi maluwa okhwima komanso ochuluka. Mitundu yonse ya katemera imakula bwino m'mawindo moyang'ana kumadzulo kapena kummawa. Pawindo la kumpoto la châtior sipadzakhala maluwa ambiri. Pawindo lomwe likuyang'ana kumwera, muyenera kumanga malo obisala, makamaka masana.
Kutentha kwa boma. Kwa chilimwe, zomera izi zimatha kutengedwera mumlengalenga, m'malo mosawoneka dzuwa. M'chilimwe, ndi bwino kusunga zomera pa kutentha kwa madigiri 18-22. Kuyambira m'dzinja, chomerachi chiyenera kusungidwa pa madigiri 14-16, koma muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti sizili pansi pa madigiri khumi ndi awiri.
Kuthirira. Mu nyengo ya maluwa, komanso m'nyengo ya chilimwe, madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala ochuluka. Kwa ulimi wothirira, madzi otsika amatengedwa, makamaka kukhala otukuka, kuthirira madzi, ngati dothi la pamwamba ladothi limauma. Poyambira m'dzinja mpaka March, kuthirira kumakhala koyenera. Ngati chomeracho chikasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira, ndiye kuti kuthirira kumayenera kuchitidwa mosamala. Pambuyo pa mbeuyo, padzakhala nthawi yopumula, pomwe kuthirira kuli kofupikitsa. Chomera sichimalekerera madzi a pansi pamtunda kapena kuyanika kwake, pamtunda wotsika kwambiri wa zomwe zilipo, izi ndizoopsa chifukwa chakuda.
Kutentha kwa mpweya. M'chilimwe, kuti tipeze bwino zomera za hathor, akulangizidwa kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mlengalenga. Pachifukwachi, mungagwiritse ntchito peyala ndi peat yaiwisi kapena mawanga. Ikani mphika pamphuno, koma kuti musakhudze madzi. Kuuma kwa mpweya kumapangitsa kuti masambawo ayambe kutha.
Kupaka pamwamba. Kudyetsa panthawi yokula komanso nthawi ya maluwa iyenera kuchitika mwezi umodzi. Kwa feteleza, fetereza yamchere popanda kashiamu imatengedwa. Manyowa amchere ayenera kuchepetsedwa pafupipafupi, feteleza ayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ngati nayitrogeni. Cacti silingalekerere nayitrogeni yochulukirapo, ndipo izi ndi zomveka, chifukwa kuchokera pakuwonjezereka kwake mizu ikuyamba kuvunda. Mavitrogeni mu feteleza ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 9, potaziyamu - 24, phosphorous - 18. Kuvala pamwamba kumasiya pamene mbewu imayamba nthawi yopumula.
Kusindikiza. Mtundu uwu wa cactus umaikidwa pokhapokha maluwa, zitsanzo zazikulu zimaikidwa zaka zisanu zilizonse, akuluakulu aliwonse zaka ziwiri ngati zowonjezera, zitsanzo zazing'ono chaka chilichonse.
Kuti hathor ikhale yabwino imayenera kubzalidwa pamtunda wodalirika komanso wonyezimira ndi pH = 5-6 - kuchepa kwa asidi. Chitsulo choyenera: magawo 6 a nthaka yosalala, magawo 4 a humus, magawo awiri a mchenga ndi nthaka ya peat, 1 gawo la sod. Hathiora limakula bwino mu peat organic nthaka. Ngati nthaka ilibe thanzi, ndiye kuti maluwa adzakhala ofooka kapena sangakhalepo konse.
Kubalana kwa zomera .
Hathiora ndi zomera zomwe zimabereka mwa kukulumikiza ndi kudula mitengo. Pamapeto pake, ndondomekoyi imachitika mwamsanga mutatha maluwa. Kuti tichite izi, tsinde lamadulidwa kuchokera ku chomera, chomwe chiyenera kukhala ndi magawo awiri osachepera. Pambuyo kudula mdulidwe uyenera kuwaza ndi makala ndi zouma. Tsinde lamachokera mu kusakaniza kowirira komwe kumakhala ndi peat ndi mchenga wofanana.
Katemera mu katemera ndi awa: a hatior amabzalidwa pa tsinde la tsankhu lokha. Mukhoza katemera m'nyengo yachilimwe. Kuti muchite izi, muzowonongeka ndikofunikira kuchotsa nthambi yam'mwamba mbali ndi masamba, pomwe phesi lakumanzere likuwonekera pamwamba liyenera kupatulidwa. Kwa scion, m'pofunika kudula mphukira pokhalapo ndi magawo 2-3, yongolerani ndi mphete ndikuyiyika padulidwe la chitsa mu chingwe. Kuphatikizidwa kumakhala ndi msana wautali, singano, msana, ndi wokutidwa ndi pulasitala kapena ulusi wamba. Sikoyenera kubisa chidebe ndi cuttings ya chitsa, kutentha kwa madigiri 18-20 ndikofunika kuti fusion, ndiyeno patatha milungu iwiri kusankhana kudzayamba kukula. Pambuyo pake, bandejiyo imachotsedwa, masamba ndi mphukira zomwe zimapangidwa pansipa kusuntha zimachotsedwa panthawi yake. Kawirikawiri, chomera chophatikizidwa chimamasula kwambiri.
Zovuta zovuta.
Mmerawo ukhoza kukhala ndi matenda opatsirana ndi bakiteriya ndi fungal. Matendawa amaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa gawo laling'ono la zomera, malo otupa ndi otupa pamalo ano, ndipo mbali zotsalira zimayamba kuvunda. Pankhani imeneyi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo sadzagwira ntchito. Ngati n'kotheka, gawo limodzi la kachilombo liyenera kuchotsedwa. Nthaŵi zina, ngakhale ndi kachilombo ka tsinde, n'zotheka kukula chomera, pakuti izi ndi zokwanira, pamwamba pa tsinde loti liphwanye phesi ndikulikhazikitsa muchisakanizo chowundana.
Nthawi zambiri zomera zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda otchedwa fungal matenda monga phytophthora ndi fusariosis.
Kutenga ndi fusariosis kawirikawiri kumachitika kudzera m'mabala omwe amapangidwa pamwamba pa zimayambira chifukwa cha tizirombo ta tizilombo. Pankhaniyi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito fungicides, omwe amaphatikizapo zigawo zikuluzikulu za benomyl ndi chlorothalonil. Musanagwiritse ntchito, werengani malangizo mosamala ndikutsatira mosamala.
Kutenga ndi phytophthora, monga lamulo, kumapezeka kudzera mu nthaka yoipa. Matendawa amakhudza kwambiri khosi. Chomera cha Wilted ndi chizindikiro chodziwika cha matendawa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nthaka imakhala yonyowa. Nthendayi ikhoza kukhala imvi kapena yofiira. Pankhani imeneyi, fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda a fungal.
Hatioru anadabwa: whitefly, scutellum, kangaude mite, mealybug.