Dzina la kamellia linaperekedwa pofuna kulemekeza wansembe wa Moravia ndi G. Camelius wa chilengedwe (zaka za moyo: 1881 mpaka 1706). Iye anali woyamba kubala chomera ichi kuchokera ku Philippines mpaka ku Ulaya.
Mitundu ina ya camellias yapeza kufalikira kwa mitundu yonse monga zokongoletsa, zomera. Zomera zam'madzi - camellia maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mkati, pamene amapanga masewera m'mapaki, minda, greenhouses.
M'zinthu za chipinda camellias pachimake ndipo akhoza kubala chipatso mosamala. Camellia ndi zovuta kukula, ngati zikukula pakhomo, pang'onopang'ono, kutentha pang'ono, kutentha kwakukulu ndi dothi, zomwe sizili bwino kwa chomeracho. Camellia ikhoza kuphuka ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, pamene kutentha sikudutsa madigiri 12. Chomeracho chimamasula kwa nthawi yaitali - mpaka miyezi itatu. Maluwa amodzi amatha kwa milungu isanu. Camellia, yomwe imakula ngati chipinda cha chikhalidwe, imasiyanitsidwa ndi nthawi ziwiri zomwe zikukula. Kuyambira mwezi wa February, mphukira zatsopano zimayamba kumangirizidwa, ndipo masiku a chilimwe, masamba a zomera zimapangidwa. Ayamba kukula pambuyo pa maluwa - kumapeto kwa chaka cha chaka chamawa.
Camellia: akuchoka.
Camellia - maluwa amene amafunika kuwala, koma amasiyana. Iwo ali bwino kukula pa mawindo ochokera kummawa ndi kumadzulo. Ngati mphika umayikidwa pawindo lakumwera, ndiye kuti camellia iyenera kugwedezeka poyera. Kumbali yakumpoto, mbewuyo ilibe kuwala kokwanira, ndipo sichidzakula bwino. Pofuna kupewa choyimira chimodzi cha korona, chomera nthawi zina chiyenera kuunika. Koma izi sizingatheke pamene ndondomeko ya budding ikupitirira. Ngati mumasokoneza camellia pakadali pano, ikhoza kutaya masamba. M'chilimwe, camellia iyenera kuikidwa pamwamba, koma malowa ayenera kutetezedwa kuti asawononge dzuwa.
Zomera za mtundu uwu mu chilimwe ndi kasupe zimakonda kutentha kwa madigiri 20-25. Poyamba kukula maluwa, kutentha kwa boma sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa 21 gr. Pa nthawi ya maluwa (December-February), kutentha kumafunika pafupifupi madigiri 10. Koma ngati apamwamba, ndiye kuti camellia idzaphuka kale, koma maluwa adzataya khalidwe, koma masamba akhoza kugwa. Tsiku lalifupi lowala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 8 - osati cholepheretsa kuika maluwa. Camellia ndifunikira kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale ukuyenda nthawi zonse.
M'chilimwe, camellia iyenera kuthirira mofanana, nthawi zambiri komanso mochuluka, koma tiyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti sitimadzaza chomeracho. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene chamoyo cha camellia chimapita ku boma lozizira, imwani madzi mofatsa, kuti mupewe kuyisaka gawo lapansi. Ngati izi zichitika, masambawo adzakhala ofiira, ndipo masambawo adzagwa. Ngati mumalira nthawi yaitali mumphika, chomeracho chidzataya masamba. Ndizoipa ngati pali kashiamu ambiri m'madzi.
Camellia amafunikira chinyezi chapamwamba mmwamba. Zomera ziyenera kukonzedwa nthawi zonse ndikuyika nandolo pazitsamba zowonongeka kapena dongo. Pamene chomeracho chimamasula, chiyenera kuyankhidwa mosamala, kuti madzi asagwe pa masamba.
Kamodzi pa masiku 21, camellia ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi mchere feteleza (1glitre).
Kuti chomera chikhale ndi njira yowonongeka ya impso, maola 14 a kuwala kwa maola 14 ndi kutentha kwa madigiri pafupifupi 20. Ngati chomera chiri mu mdima ndi kutentha, maluwawo sungayidwe.
Pamene maluwa mu December, camellia iyenera kusungidwa kutentha kwa madigiri 10. Ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu, maluwa oyambirira akhoza kuchitika, omwe angasokoneze kukongola kwa maluwa ndi kukula kwake. Ndalama zimatha ngakhale kugwa. Pa chifukwa chomwecho, musasunthe chomera kumalo ena panthawi ino.
Kuyambira mu October mpaka masiku oyambirira a mwezi wa November, m'pofunikanso kudula mphukira zina kuti zithandize kukula kwa maluwa.
Chomera chachikulu chiyenera kuikidwa chaka chilichonse. Camellia, yomwe imamera chaka chilichonse, imayenera kuikidwa pamphika kamodzi pakatha zaka zingapo. Chitani izi kumapeto. Nsongazo pa mphukira ziyenera kuthyoledwa kuti chomera chiyambe kugwira bwino bwino. Kwa camellias, nthaka ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity (mpaka 5) imafunika.
Mukayerekezera camellia ndi zomera zina zapansi, camellia ali ndi luso lapadera lokula ndikukhala bwino pa dothi la asidi mtundu (pH - pansi pa 4). Gawo la mbeu likhoza kukhala lopangidwa (1h.), Peat (2h), malo amtundu (2h) a malo ndi gawo la mchenga. Zomera zam'mimba zomwe zimakula m'mabotchi ziyenera kuikidwa mobwerezabwereza, koma dziko lapansi liyenera kutsanulidwa nthawi zonse. Pansi ayenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino ngalande.
Kubalana kwa camellia.
- Mbeu zatsopano;
- Cuttings.
Pofalikira ndi mbewu, ziyenera kufesedwa pamiphika yotsika (mpaka 7 cm), ndiyeno, powonekera tsamba lachiwiri, - lowani mu mphika waukulu.
Ngati cholinga chake chikula mbewu zosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti ziyenera kufalitsidwa ndi zipatso, chifukwa kuchulukitsa mbewu zonsezi zimatayika. Olima minda amawerengedwa kuti ali ndi kamera, choncho nthawi zambiri amafalitsidwa ndi chithandizo cha cuttings.
Kwa kufalitsidwa kwa kukongoletsa mitundu ya camellia, cuttings amatengedwa, omwe sanakhale nayo nthawi kukula bwino, ndi apical. Kutalika kwawo kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 8, kutentha kwa dothi - madigiri 24. Iwo amafalitsidwa mu kanyumba mu July ndi Januwale. Dziko lapansili limaphatikizapo mchenga, peat (mbali). Cuttings ayenera kukhala ndi masamba 5 opangidwa. Cuttings ayenera mizu mkati mwa miyezi iwiri. Ayenera kuthiridwa ndi kuthiridwa madzi. Asanadzalemo, atapatsidwa nthawi yowonjezera mizu yawo, amatha kulowetsedwa mu njira ya heteroauxin. Pamene zidutswazo zili mizu, ziyenera kubzalidwa miphika, mpaka mamita 7 masentimita. Dziko lapansi liyenera kuphatikizapo mchenga, tsamba la pansi, sod, mtundu wa peat. Katemera ayenera kupangidwa pa mbande pachaka kapena biennial, ndipo akhoza kuchitidwa pa cuttings kale mizu. Kumwa madzi ayenera kukhala wochuluka, ndiyeno kuti zipse nkhuni, kuthirira mofulumira kudula.
Mitundu yomwe siidzuke mizu iyenera kuchulukitsidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa. Chitani ichi mu Januwale mothandizidwa ndi impso zoyambitsa kuchokera pamwamba pa mphukira. Katemera ayenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kwa madigiri 20. Ayenera kumera miyezi ingapo. Young zomera za camellia ayenera madzi, kuwaza, pritenyat, kudula owonjezera mphukira. M'chaka chachiwiri, camellias ayenera kuikidwa mu miphika, mpaka 11 masentimita pamwamba.
Chaka chachitatu cha chikhalidwe chikubwera, chomerachi chiyenera kuikidwa mu miphika, mpaka masentimita 14 pamwamba. Pachifukwa ichi, dzikolo liyenera kukhala ndi sod, peat, pepala, mtundu wa heath (magawo awiri pamodzi) ndi mchenga umodzi.
Chomeracho chikhoza kuwononga kangaude, chimene chingachiritsidwe ndi chithandizo chokonzekera.