Tsambani mu diaphragm
Ndipotu, tepi yoyamba, imene itangotha kutuluka kwa anthu omwe adakalipa chifukwa cha zolaula ndi "zosokoneza", idachotsedwa chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa Lumiere "Kufika kwa sitima." Firimuyi idatchedwa "Kiss," ndipo inakhazikitsidwa mu 1896 ndi Thomas Edison mwiniwake, amene adadzipangira dzina osati zambiri pazinthu zopangira nzeru zodzikongoletsera. "Filimu" yosadzichepetsayi inasonyeza kuti n'zosavuta kuganiza ndi dzina, kupsompsonana kwa ojambula awiri a Broadway - Mary Irwin ndi John Rais, nyenyezi za zofalitsa zotchuka "Mkazi Wamasiye Jones". Zitatero, kuti atenge nthawi yotere pafilimu - pali chinyengo cha makhalidwe abwino. Wotsutsa wina wotsutsa wotchedwa "Kiss" sizinanso "zosonyeza chilakolako chauchirombo chimene munthu wolemera sangakhoze kupirira.
Pakalipano, filimuyo inatchuka chifukwa cha njira yoyamba yowonera: iyo inasonyezedwa m'mabumba apadera omwe anali ndi munthu mmodzi yekha (chithunzi cha malo omwe alipo panopa), ndipo pakuwona kulikonse kunali kofunikira kuponyera ndalama padera. Inde, ndipo muofesi ya bokosi "Kiss" inapeza ndalama zabwino: ku Moscow iye anawonetsedwa ku Metropole cinema kwa rubles zisanu, ndipo mu "mafilimu" ojambula zithunzi ku America anadulapo chifukwa chotsutsana ndi izi: kuyambira maminiti atatu mpaka awiri. Inde, chitsanzo cha mtundu watsopano wa mafilimu chinapitirira kwambiri. Ndipo ambiri mwa iwo sankagwedezeka pokhapokha, koma ndi kuyimba kofatsa kwa anthu awiri, omwe sitimayenera kuwamva, chifukwa kuti filimuyo idakalipobe. Komabe, "Kufika kwa sitimayo" komweko kunangokhala masekondi 50 okha, koma izi zinali zokwanira kuti anthu amachoke m'mafilimu oyambirira mu mantha.
Makampani opanga zolaula kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 adakalipo, ngakhale mpaka pano, pamwamba pa chitukukocho anali daguerreotypes "otentha" okhudzana ndi zolaula - zojambula zolaula komanso zosaoneka bwino. "Kusuntha zithunzi" kunatsegula mwayi wokhala ndi zatsopano - "zotsatira za kukhalapo." Mwadzidzidzi, zithunzizo zinakhala zoyera poyerekezera ndi anthu awiri "ngati kuti ali moyo" omwe ali pachiwonetsero chonse, akupsompsona woonera pamaso pawo. Kuchokera pano, malingaliro aumunthu ali ndi mphamvu yowonjezereka yamphamvu, komanso kuti akhoza kukhala pafupi ndi lingaliro lililonse.
Makampani opanga zolaula ankapitiriza kuyenda pang'onopang'ono. Mu chaka chomwecho cha 1896 ku France, zithunzi zoyambirira zokhudzana ndi kugonana zinachotsedwa, zomwe maphunziro awo atopa ndi mayina: "Awiriwo amagona" ndi "Indiscreet". Ndipo filimu yoyamba yolaula yomwe ilipo ndi chaka cha 1907. El Sartorio anawombera ku Argentina (dzina la wotsogolera silinasungidwe ndi nkhaniyi), ndipo chiwembu chake chinali chosavuta: zokambirana za atsikana atatu amaliseche akutsuka mumtsinje zimasokonezedwa ndi daemon lomwe silikudziwa kumene, kukakamiza atsikana kuti agone naye. Mwa njira, kale pa chithunzithunzichi tinagwiritsa ntchito kulandira katsopano kwa kamera - kenako kuti tiwone ndondomeko yonseyi. Ndipo chibadwidwe cha Chijeremani cha mtunduwo, chomwe chikumbutso chimene timakondwerera, chimatchedwa Am Abend ("Mu Mgonero"). Mmenemo, mwamuna adayang'ana pa chingwe cha mkazi wodzitama, kenako adalowa m'chipindamo ndipo, monga Averchenko analemba, "zonse zikuyendayenda ... .." Monga mukuonera, makampani oonera zolaula a Germany akhala akuyandikira kwambiri malingaliro a zochitika.
Komabe, zisanachitike zowonongeka ku Germany - mbiri ya makampani otchuka anali akadali kutali, pamene filimu yotchedwa Olympic piquant cinema inali yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ufulu wachikondi komanso wosadziwika wa Chifalansa. Mpaka zaka za m'ma 3000, dzina lakuti "filimu ya ku France" linali chiwonetsero cha zolaula, monga "mafilimu akuluakulu" amakono.
Kugonana ndi malamulo ndi opanda
Pakalipano, zida za "kunyenga" zimaloŵetsanso mu cinema yayikulu, yomwe idakumbukira mwakachetechete kuyanjana kwake ndi "mtundu wochepa". Mu 1912, filimu ya ku Italy "Ad Dante" inayamba kuonekera munthu wamaliseche, kutsogolo. Ndipo padalibe kugonana pachithunzichi: chinali chikhalidwe cha "Comedy Comedy", momwe munthu wamkulu akuganizira za ochimwa kumoto.
Wolemba mabuku wa ku America, Audrey Manson, adayamba kukhala "wotchedwa" dzina lake ", atachotsedwa pawindo - anali mu 1915 mu filimu" Inspiration ", komwe amachitira chitsanzo chabwino (filimuyo, mwatsoka, siinasungidwe). Tsogolo la msungwana uyu wachisangalalo chosavuta linali loopsya: wokondedwa wake anapha mkazi wake, ndipo Audrey anaimbidwa mlandu wotsutsana - ndipo ngakhale kuti mtsikanayo anali womasuka, ndipo wakupha uja anaphedwa, ntchito ya Manson idatha. Cha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1920, Audrey adayamba kuganizira kwambiri ndipo adayikidwa kuchipatala cha matenda a maganizo, kumene adafa, anaiwalika ndi aliyense, kale mu 1996.
Mutu wa chikondi cha amuna okhaokha unayamba kuwululidwa mu filimu ya Germany ya 1919 "Kupanda kutero kuposa ena", ndi zolaula zoyamba za kugonana "Telegraphist", zodabwitsa, zinawoneka pambuyo pake - m'ma 1920 onse mu France omwe amakonda ufulu. Ndipo panthawi yoyamba yotsutsana ndi abambo aakazi, Marlene Dietrich ("Morocco", chithunzi cha 1930) mwiniwakeyo adagwira nawo mbali, zomwe sizosadabwitsa: mulungu wamkazi wa sewero lakuda ndi loyera sanabisikire ubwenzi wake.
M'zaka za m'ma 1920, chifukwa cha "chithunzithunzi chakutentha" panali kale zida zina zomwe zidasamutsidwa kuchokera ku filimu ina kupita ku china, zomwe zinasankhidwa pachabe, makamaka kuchokera kumbali imodzi ndi zokongoletsera ngati pepala loyera lomwe linatambasulidwa pakhoma. Kawirikawiri izi zinali zochitika zosangalatsa zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, nthawi zambiri okwatirana (ndithudi, iwo amawonetsedwa ndi ojambula omwe sali pa chiyanjano china chirichonse, komabe maonekedwe a khalidwe adawonedwa). Mulimonsemo, izi zinali choncho ku Ulaya: mu filimu yoyamba zolaula ku America ("Ulendo" wa 1915) malo owonetserana kugonana awonetsedwa kale. Ndipo kuyambira mu 1925, zithunzi zolaula zakhala zosavuta. Imodzi mwa matepi awa - "Bungwe la a Lady's" - tsopano likhoza kuwonedwa ku Prague, ku Museum of Sex. Malinga ndi nthano, iye anachotsedwa mwa dongosolo la mwini wake wa Mfumu Alfonso XIII ya ku Spain. Iyi ndi nkhani yokhudza dokotala yemwe amagonana ndi odwala ake, ndipo mkazi wake amamubwezera mwa kukokera mtumiki ndi mtsikana pabedi lake panthawi yomweyo.
M'zaka za m'ma 30, pakati pa anthu opanga zolaula - mbiri ya makampani otchuka amawoneka ngati mafano okondana amitundu. Zoona, osati amayi okha okongola - kulingalira munthu waku Asia kapena Wamgeria yemwe wagonana ndi mzimayi woyera, anthu panthawiyo sangathe komanso muloto loopsya. Kuonjezerapo, kuphatikizapo mwayi wa cinema, otsogolera mafilimu oonera zolaula adapeza mapulogalamu - ndipo ali ndi mwayi wokonza weniweni kaleidoscope wa poses ndi kutsindika, ndi kuyenda mosavuta wa lumo, kuchotsa zonse zosafunika.
Zithunzi zolaula
Zaka 50, ndi "mwana wawo wamwamuna" komanso chidwi chokhala ndi chisangalalo cha thupi, ngakhale kuti anali kuimbidwa mlandu wa makhalidwe abwino, amapereka mafilimu opanga mafilimu ndi mwayi wochuluka: kufunafuna kunakula - chakudya chinakula. Phokoso la chidwi ichi linawonekera magazini "Playboy" - magazini yake yoyamba inafalitsidwa mu 1953. Zithunzi zolaula za zaka zomwezo zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zamakono: zinali zojambula kale, ochita masewerowa anayamba kuvala zovala zazing'ono, masitomala ndi nsapato zapamwamba kwambiri, komanso kupanga malo a bikini. Kuphatikiza apo, atsikana ndi amuna, amene kale anali ndi dzina lamanambala, anapatsidwa ufulu ku mizere ya ngongole. Kotero, nyenyezi zoyamba zolaula zikuwonekera.
Koma zaka 60 zapadera sizinabweretse zithunzi zolaula - kupatulapo kanema yolaula ikufalikira: mu nthawi ya chikondi chaulere ndi mapiritsi a kulera, anthu pang'onopang'ono anachotsa makompyuta ndikufuna kulengeza izi ku dziko lonse lapansi. Mwina, chidwi cha mafilimu opanga zolaula sichinawonjezeke mpaka moyo weniweni m'malo mwakhala wosangalatsa kwambiri. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti chithunzi choyamba cha zinthu zosagwirizana ndi zolaula zomwe ochita maseŵera amachitira kugonana m'malo motsatira chilakolako chinawonetsedwa mu 1962 - filimu ya Swedish yotchedwa "They Call Us" Mods. " Koma mtundu wa "akuluakulu" unalandiridwa pagulu: Mu 1969 dziko loyambirira lirilonse linalembetsa zolaula ku Germany. Apa ndi pomwe chidutswa cha zolaula zachi German chinayamba - mbiri ya makampani otchuka, ndi Valkyries yake yotentha, komanso "wunderbar" ndi "zozizwitsa" zosayembekezereka!
Ngakhale kale , mu 1962, ku Berlin, adatsegula shopu yoyamba kugonana, pansi pa dzina loti "Special Shop of Marriage Cleanliness". Woyambitsa wake, chomwe chiri chokondweretsa, anakhala mkazi - Beata Uze. Ali mnyamata, anali woyendetsa ndege komanso mkazi wamwamuna woyamba, pambuyo pa nkhondo, iye anawunikira njira yoteteza kalendala (amayi ake, omwe Beata anaphunzira zazinthu izi, anali azimayi) ndipo, mosiyana ndi chiwonongeko cha anthu, anayamba kugulitsa makondomu ndi mabuku pa nkhani zakugonana poyamba ndi makalata, ndiyeno mu mndandanda wake wa masitolo. Pambuyo pa Beata panali kugonjetsedwa kwa msika wa mafilimu owonetsa zolaula komanso kutsegula makanema owonetserako mafilimu, komanso Museum of Evolt in Berlin.
Beata Uze ndi mlengi wa Playboy Hugh Hefner anali kuyembekezera nyengo yatsopano - zaka zagolide zolaula, zaka za makumi asanu ndi awiri. Apa ndiye kuti zithunzi zapadera "Deep Throat", "Pambuyo pa Green Door", "Mdyerekezi mu Miss Jones" adawomberedwa. Nyenyezi za Porn, Linda Lovelace, Vanessa Del Rio, Ron Jeremy, John Holmes (anauzira filimuyo "Boogie Nights") kupambana kutchuka.
Mawu akuti "zolaula" adalowa m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kupita ku masewera a "akuluakulu" omwe adalembedwa mwalamulo mu USA mu 1970, adakhala ofunika - ngati mukukumbukira, mu "Taxi Driver", wojambula mu 1976, Deiro yemwe ndi mzimayi amatsogolera mtsikana tsiku loyamba mu filimu yotereyi, ndipo amadabwa ndi mkwiyo wake. Tsopano opanga mafilimu ofunika kwambiri samangonyalanyaza mwachindunji mafilimu awo, omwe amatengedwa ku zikondwerero: "Decameron" ndi Paolo Pasolini, "The Last Tango ku Paris" ndi Bernardo Bertolucci. Nthawi zina ojambula ku Hollywood amayamba ntchito yawo ndi zolaula - monga, Sylvester Stallone, adawonekera pachiwonekera mu 1970 mu filimu "Phwando ku Kitty ndi Herd."
Koma zaka za m'ma 1970 ndizinthu zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri pa malonda a zolaula. Ulendo wopambana wa mtunduwo sunathenso chidwi ndi akatswiri a makhalidwe abwino. Mu 1974, Larry Flynt anatulutsa magazini yoyamba ya magazini ya Hustler, ndipo mu 1978 adaimbidwa mlandu - ndipo adagonjetsa mayesero. Chotsutsana chake chachikulu chinali chododometsa chotsatira: chifukwa chiyani kuwombera kuchokera kunkhondo, kusonyeza magazi ndi matupi opunduka, kumaonedwa kuti ndibwino, ndi kuwonetsa maliseche okongola - osayenera? Koma pamayesero, Flint adagonjetsa nkhanza za mafuko, atakwiya chifukwa chakuti masamba a Hustler sanali oyeretsa okha. Chifukwa cha kuukira kumeneku, Larry adangokhala womangidwa womangidwa ku wheelchair kuti akhale ndi moyo.
Ndataya malamulowa ndi "Deep Throat", filimu yoyamba yolaula yomwe imatulutsidwa pazithunzi zambiri, ndipo lero ndizo zolaula zopindulitsa kwambiri: ndi bajeti ya ndalama zokwana madola 25,000, inapeza ndalama zokwana 600 miliyoni. Mu 23 US amati, chithunzicho chinali choletsedwa kuti chiwonetsedwe. Komabe, vuto lalikulu kwambiri linayamba pamene nyenyezi ya filimuyo Linda Lovelace inati mwamuna wake Chuck Traynor, yemwe ankamumenya nthawi zonse, amamukakamiza kuwombera, zomwe zinali zotsutsana kwambiri ndi akazi omwe nthawi zambiri amalankhula za zolaula monga kugwiritsa ntchito akazi. Linda anakhala wotsutsa gulu la Women Against Pornography, koma anaphedwa pangozi ya galimoto mu 2002, popanda kugwira ntchito zapadera.
"Throat Deep", monga mafilimu ena olaula a "zaka za golide", tsopano akuwoneka osangalatsa kuposa "kanema wotentha" yamakono. Zithunzi zolaula ndizochita zamatsenga komanso zozizwitsa (mu "Throat Deep" yomwe ili ndi gluing zokhazokha zowonongeka ndi mafelemu opangira rocket!), Amuna ake ndi osadziletsa komanso amalingaliro, aliyense ali ndi njira yogonana. Mwachidule, mafilimu ndi mavidiyo ambiri a lero akuwonetsedwa poyerekeza ndi phwando la thupi - mapulasitiki ndi achinyengo.
Zojambula za Pornstar
Zaka za m'ma 80 ndi za m'ma 90 - nthawi yowonjezereka kwazithunzi za zolaula. Fashoni imaphatikizapo zojambula zonyansa za kanema wotchuka - kuchokera "Terminator" ndi "Star Wars" kupita ku "Nightmares pa Elm Street." Mulimonsemo, zolaula zimakhala zofanana, "zonse ndizoyendera", zonse zimachitidwa: zowonongeka ndi kutsegula. Sizowoneka kuti mfumukaziyi imaonedwa kuti ndi ya Jenna Jamison. Pazokhazikitsidwa ndi njira zamaphunziro zomwe zimapangitsa owonawo kukhulupirira kuti zosatheka - monga nthenda ya umuna ndi anesthesia wamba chifukwa cha nthawi yovuta kwambiri. Kugonana, kudziyika nokha ngati mtundu wovuta kwambiri, kumakhala kuti ndi wabodza kwambiri.
Zithunzi zolaula zapamwamba kwambiri zalemekeza kwambiri, kwa zaka 25 zapitazi zili ndi mphoto yake, yomwe imatchedwa "Oscar zolaula", - AVN Awards. Ndipo ali ndi zisankho zambiri kuposa Oscar Cinema: Amapereka mphoto osati osati zokhazokha matalente, komanso luso luso, ndipo zotsiriza sizikutanthauza luso la woyendetsa ntchito ndi mkonzi - pali zosankhidwa za mphuno yabwino, chiwonetsero chabwino cha kugonana kwa abambo ndi kuti zofanana zofanana za ndondomekoyi. Gay-zolaula, poyamba adalandira mphoto pamasankhidwe apadera, adzalandira mphotho yapadera - GayVN Awards.
Pitirizani kutsanzira filimu yaikulu, zolaula zimabwereka kwa iye ndi machitidwe ake: kotero, pambuyo pa phokoso laposachedwa labwino (m'mawu onse) James Cameron "Avatar", Larry Flint yemweyo adalengeza kuti akufuna kumasula ZB zolaula. Atsogoleri a cinema yakonzanso yotchedwa Tinto Brass mwiniwakeyo. Zoona, ozilenga ali ochititsa manyazi chifukwa chakuti mwayi woti asonyeze chithunzi chotero sichipezeka m'mabwalo onse.
Kuyambira nthawi yonseyi, zolaula sizinangobwereka zipangizo kuchokera kwa "mkulu wachikulire" wabwino, komanso zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu. Mwachitsanzo, mafayilo a makamera a kanema ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyendetsa mafilimu owonetsera zolaula - kunali koyenera kuti aphimbe khungu la ochita masewera ena, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawakwiyitsa atatha kuvala, kutulutsa ndi kubwezera kuzinthu zambiri. Zikondwerero zowonongeka, zotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zake, zojambula zoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kwa iwo, kondomu yachilendo yosaonekayo inapangidwa (femidom). M'zaka za m'ma 1980, pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya ma TV a Sony Betamax ndi VHS, adagonjetsanso chifukwa pa VHS-cassettes anatulukira zolaula. Ndipo cha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, pamene zolaula zinkapezeka pa intaneti, zinali pa zolaula zomwe poyamba zinkawonekera pakompyuta yomwe ili yabwino kuti iwonere pa Intaneti.
Ndiwo okha omwe sadziwa zolaula zakale angaganize kuti "mafilimu achikulire" omwe alipo tsopano ali omveka bwino kuposa zithunzi za retro. Ndipotu nthawi zonse zolaula zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, malinga ndi Georgy Selyukov, wogonana ndi amuna, MD: "Nthawi zambiri zithunzi zakhala zikuchitika kuti woonayo - yemwe nthawi zambiri amakhala munthu - akhoza kudziika yekha pamalo amodzi mwa anthu amphamvu komanso chifukwa cha maganizo ake zimakhala zosangalatsa komanso kukhutira kugonana. Chinthu chokhacho chosiyana ndi nthawi yathu yakale ndi chakuti zolaula zakhala zikufikika kwambiri kuposa kale, chifukwa cha intaneti. "
Komabe, ngati simukuyang'ana pa mawonekedwe, koma zomwe zilipo, zikuwoneka kuti omvera pachiyambi cha XX ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za XXI ankakonda chinthu chomwecho, ziribe kanthu momwe mafashoni adasinthira. M'lingaliro limeneli, zolaula ndizomwe zimakhala zosasamala, ziribe kanthu momwe izi zingamvekerere. Ndipo ndi chiti chomwe chingawonjezeredwe pazinthu zomwe sizinasinthe m'mbiri ya anthu?