Matenda ofunika kwambiri a endocrine ndi awa:
• Chingwe chamtundu;
• Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro;
• majeremusi a parathyroid;
• gawo la endocrine la kapangidwe;
• matenda a adrenal;
• Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana (mazira m'mimba mwa amayi ndi mitsempha mwa amuna).
Udindo wa mahomoni
Ntchito ya matenda a endocrine amatha kutulutsa mahomoni m'magazi. Mahomoni osiyanasiyana angakhale a magulu osiyanasiyana a mankhwala. Amasunthera ndi magazi amodzi, omwe amayendetsa ntchito za ziwalo zolingalira. Maselo a maselo a ziwalo zimenezi ali ndi mapulogalamu ovomerezeka ku mahomoni ena. Mwachitsanzo, imodzi mwa mahomoni amachititsa maselo ofunika kuti apange chizindikiro cha mankhwala - cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), yomwe imakhudza mapuloteni, kusungidwa ndi kusunga mphamvu, komanso kupanga mahomoni ena. Matenda onse otchedwa endocrine amapanga mahomoni omwe amachita ntchito zina m'thupi.
• Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro
Mayankho makamaka makamaka pa kayendedwe ka mphamvu zamagetsi, kupanga mahomoni thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine.
• Zilonda za parathyroid
Zimatulutsa hormonone ya parathyroid, yomwe ikuphatikizapo kuthetsa mphamvu ya calcium.
• Mafinya
Ntchito yaikulu ya kapangidwe kake ndiyo kupanga mavitamini a m'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, imapanga mahomoni insulin ndi glucagon.
• Zilonda za adrenal
Mbali yakunja ya adrenals imatchedwa cortex. Amapanga mahomoni a corticosteroid, kuphatikizapo aldosterone (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira malamulo a mchere wa madzi) ndi hydrocortisone (yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndi kukula ndi kukonza minofu). Kuonjezera apo, caltex imapanga mahomoni achimuna ndi aakazi (androgens ndi estrogens). Mbali ya mkati mwa adrenal gland, kapena ubongo, imayambitsa kupanga adrenaline ndi norepinephrine. Kugwirizana kwa mahomoni awiriwa kumapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa mtima, kuwonjezeka m'magazi a shuga ndi magazi kuthamanga kwa minofu. Kuwonjezera kapena kusowa kwa ma hormoni kungabweretse ku matenda aakulu, zofooka zopweteka kapena imfa. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yopanga mahomoni (nambala yawo ndi muyeso wa excretion) ndi ubongo.
Chikoka cha pituitary
Mtundu wa pituitary ndi mtundu wa pea womwe uli pansi pa ubongo ndi kupanga mahomoni oposa 20. Mahomoni amenewa amachititsa kuti ntchito yachinsinsi ikhale yovuta kwambiri. Chikopa cha pituitary chili ndi maola awiri. Gawo la anterior (adenohypophysis) limapanga mahomoni omwe amayang'anira ntchito yazing'onoting'ono zina zotchedwa endocrine.
Mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri pamtundu wa pituitary ndi awa:
• Hormone ya chithokomiro (TTG) - imayambitsa kupanga thyroxine ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro;
• hormone ya adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - imapanganso kupanga mahomoni ndi adrenal glands;
• mahomoni osakanikirana (FSH) ndi luteinizing hormone (LH) - amachititsa ntchito ya mazira ndi ma testes;
• Horoni ya kukula (HHG).
Kutsekemera kosavuta kwa nsalu ya pituitary
Gawo lomaliza la pituitary (neurohypophysis) limayambitsa kusonkhanitsa ndi kutulutsa mahomoni opangidwa mu hypothalamus:
• Vasopressin, kapena antidiuretic hormone (ADH), - imayendetsa mphamvu ya mkodzo womwe umatulutsa, motero amathandiza kuti asunge madzi a mchere;
• oxytocin - imakhudza mitsempha yofewa ya chiberekero ndi ntchito ya mitsempha ya mammary, yomwe ikugwira nawo ntchito yobereka ndi lactation.
Njirayi, yomwe imatchedwa ndondomeko yowonongeka, imalola odwala kuti adziwe ngati pakufunikira kudzipatula ma hormoni omwe amachititsa kuti tizirombo tomwe timayendera. Chitsanzo cha kudziletsa pazinthu zowonongeka ndi zotsatira za mahomoni otetezera pakamwa pa thyroxin. Kuwonjezeka kwa thyroxine kupanga ndi khungu la chithokomiro kumayambitsa kuthetsa kusakaniza kwa tromoni (stimulating hormone) (TSH). Ntchito ya TSH ndi kuonjezera kupanga thyroxine ndi chithokomiro. Kutsika kwa mlingo wa TSH kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa thyroxine. Kutanganidwa kwake kutangoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa matendawa, kumaphatikizapo kuonjezera kupanga TSH, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nthawi zonse musamalire muyezo wa thyroxine m'thupi. Mchitidwe wogwira ntchito umagwira ntchito pansi pa ulamuliro wa hypothalamus, umene umalandira chidziwitso kuchokera kwa endocrine ndi machitidwe amanjenje. Malingana ndi mfundoyi, hypothalamus imabisa peptides omwe amalamulira, omwe amalowa m'matumbo a pituitary.