Maluwa a orchids ndiwo maluwa okongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndipo pali zambiri za iwo! Mitundu ndi mitundu yoposa 100,000. Wasayansi wina wa ku Germany, dzina lake Alexander Humboldt, adanena kale kuti wojambula kwambiri wa moyo sali wokwanira kuti agwire zosiyana za mitundu ya angelo. Kukula chozizwitsa chotero panyumba - maloto a amalima ambiri odzala maluwa. Kodi n'zotheka? Inde! Choncho, maluŵa amkati amkati ndi kuwasamalira - pokambirana za lero.
OSAPEZA, Pepani
M'nthaŵi zakale, "angelo" orchids sankawasangalatsa anthu. Panali zovuta pa moyo, ndipo iwo adadya. Makolo athu anapeza kuti orchid (European orchid) ali ndi tubers awiri pansi - achinyamata ndi achikulire. Ndipo mwa achinyamata - mphamvu yaikulu. Anapangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala. Ankhondo a Golden Horde nthawi zonse anali ndi mbatata zouma m'thumba: khungu kakang'ono kamalowa m'malo mwa chakudya chamadzulo ndi chakudya chamadzulo. Tubers, mofanana ndi mapepala, ndipo anapatsa dzina kwa banja. Kwa zaka 300 Khristu asanabadwe, Greek Phosphrastus imatchedwa orchis orchis (kuchokera ku Greek "orchis" - testicles). Ndipo mpaka lero tili okondwa kudya zipatso za orchid. Mwachitsanzo, chipatso cha Vanilla ndi tsamba lopanda kanthu. Ndipo ku Thailand pamsika uliwonse mudzapeza magulu a Precious Orchids monga saladi. Kotero malingaliro otsutsa malingaliro amatha. Mwa njira, mapiri athu okwera kumpoto amalembedwa mu Bukhu Loyera.
MALALA NDI NJIRA ZOPHUNZITSIDWA ZA MAL
Orchids ndi maluwa okondedwa. Ngakhale cymbidiums, phalaenopsis ndi ng'ombeya zimawononga ndalama zambiri. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi zovuta za kulima. Ndipotu, asanamange maluwa, zimatenga pafupifupi zaka zisanu. Ndipo amagulitsa, monga lamulo, akufalikira. Kufalitsa ndi kugawa kwa rhizomes, tubers, cuttings, ofananira nawo mphukira. Pankhaniyi, chomera chimapangidwa. Ndi kubereka mbewu, ndizotheka kukula. Zimasangalatsa, koma zimabweretsa mavuto ambiri. Kufalikira kwa mapiri a orchids otentha ndi mbewu sizinaphunzire kale. M'chaka cha 1909, a ku France anamvetsa chifukwa chake analephera. Mbewu za maluwa ambiri amamera pamaso pa bowa laling'ono, limene maluwa amenewa amakhala nawo. Koma palinso zinthu zozizwitsa, zomwe zimafotokozedwa kuyambira zaka zana mpaka zaka. Choncho, William Cattles, yemwe anali wokonda kwambiri zachilengedwe, analandira kuchokera ku Brazil chigawo chokhala ndi zomera zozizira kwambiri atakulungidwa m'masamba obiriwira. Kusiya wasayansi anaponya ngodya ya wowonjezera kutentha. Patangotha miyezi ingapo, duwa labwino lomwe silinalipopo linaphukira pa "kutaya". Iyo inali orchid yosadziwika ku Europe. Anatchedwa kuti Cattleya.
MUSIMAYEMWE NDI MAFUNSO
M'nyumba zathu, maluwa amaluwa amkati samakhala, koma amakhalabe: ozizira, owuma, mdima. Kusamalira iwo ndi kovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale zili choncho, pali mitundu yambiri yamagulu, yomwe siidali yopanda nzeru komanso yofunikiranso kuwala, kutentha, chinyezi. Koma iwo sangatchedwe kuti zosavuta. Zoona zake n'zakuti ma orchids alibe zofunikira zofanana ndi zomwe zili. Mtundu uliwonse umasowa munthu aliyense. Ndikofunika kudziwa nthawi imene mapulala amakhala ndi mpumulo. Ngati panthawi yomwe impso ikuyendetsa kuti ikhale yotsatila, idzayamika maluwa okongola.
Phalaenopsis ndi imodzi mwa ma orchid amkati. Poyambirira izo zinkaperekedwa mu zingwe zoyera ndi zofiira, tsopano gamma ndi yayikulu. Zofunika - lonse, minofu masamba. Amadziunjikira madzi. Masewera pansi pa madigiri 16 ndi ovuta kulekerera. Dulani mawonekedwe osweka.
Cymbidium ndi yosavuta kuzindikira ndi yaitali masamba ofunda. Ngakhalenso mawonekedwe aang'ono ndi omwe amatalika. Mpweya wonyezimira umasankhidwa. Mu nthawi yopanga pakhomo pamafunika kusiyana kwa kutentha. Pamene nyengoyi ikugwera chilimwe, ndizotheka kukhalabe mpweya kuyambira June mpaka September. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kubweretsa kunyumba nthawi.
Ng'ombe ndi zosiyana. Mu mitundu ina, maluwawo amafikira masentimita 30. Ng'ombe, monga lamulo, ili ndi milomo ya mtundu wosiyana. Izi zimapangitsa maluwa kukhala chithumwa chapadera. Amafuna ngakhale kutentha popanda kusintha, mkulu chinyezi. Ndi bwino kusunga phala ndi wetherdite. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha ndi kuchepa kwafupika. Amakonda kuwala.
Cetoglina ndi ambiri. Pafupifupi mitundu 200. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi chisa cha celinine: maluwa oyera odzaza ndi utoto wachikasu. Panthawi yopumula, kuthirira kuchepa. Musadutse! M'chilimwe ndi bwino kutulutsa mpweya mumthunzi. Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa korona wa mtengo.
Dendrobium ndi dzina lake akuti amakonda kukula pamtengo. Epiphyte, monga ma orchids ambiri. Mitundu yambiri yambiri ya maluwa a orchids ndi pafupifupi 1500 mitundu. Pali zomera za mamita awiri mu msinkhu, pali ang'onoang'ono amodzi. Zofunikira kwa onse ndi zosiyana. Ambiri atatha maluwa amataya masamba, ndipo panthawi yopumula amafunika kuzizira. Koma pali nthawi zonse.
Lycasta ndi imodzi mwa mapiri okongola kwambiri. Mwinamwake chifukwa obereketsa anagwira ntchito bwino ndi mtundu uwu. Maonekedwe a maluwa ndi mitundu ndi odabwitsa. Pakuti m'nyengo yozizira amadumpha masamba. Amakonda mpweya wabwino, samalola kutentha.
Miltonius nthawi zambiri amatchedwa pansies. Pakati pa maluwa onse pali chithunzi chodabwitsa. Amafuna kutchulidwa kotchulidwa kosiyana tsiku ndikutentha. Amakula mumthunzi wachabechabe.
Paphiopedilum - Venerin ndiwongolera. Chifukwa cha mkamwa wa nsapato, mtundu uwu umaganiziridwa ndi ambiri kuti ndi "enieni" amaluwa. Mosiyana ndi achibale a epiphyte, nsapato ndi zomera zapadziko lapansi. Mu gulu ili pali awiri aakulu ma orchids. Maluwa awo amatha kufika mamita 1.5. Amakonda penumbra ndipo salekerera kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Zofunikira kwambiri za nthaka - mbali ya maluwa onse amkati a maluwa ndi kuwasamalira chifukwa cha izi ndi zovuta kwambiri. Popeza ambiri a iwo ndi epiphyte odyetsa oksijeni, dothi liyenera kukhala lofatsa komanso labwino. Gawoli liyenera kukhala lokhazikika (zidutswa za makungwa, mchenga wambiri, pepala la fibrous, moss). Pa epiphytes (phalaenopsis, ng'ombeya), "recipe" ingagwiritsidwe ntchito: magawo atatu a karoti, mbali zitatu za kork (gawo lina la sphagnum, 1 gawo la dothi lophika, 2 magalamu a laimu pa lita imodzi ya gawo lapansi. Pamalo otchedwa orchids (Venin nsapato), tenga mbali zisanu za khungwa (pine bark yophika, yopanda phula, ndikupera), gawo limodzi la makala, 1 part sphagnum, 1 gawo vermiculite, 2 magalamu laimu pa gawo la lita imodzi.