Kale ku China, mwala uwu unkawoneka wopatulika. Ankaganiza kuti nephritis ingathandize pochiza colic renal. Jade ali ndi katundu wapadera omwe amalimbikitsa anthu kusintha khalidwe lawo ndi khalidwe lawo. Mchere ndi, monga momwe zilili, injini ya khalidwe lathu. Ngati munthu akupitirizabe kupusitsa, ndiye kuti jade m'manja mwa munthu wotereyo amdima.
Malo ogulitsira a jade. Nephrite wodziwika m'makontinenti onse. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chinapangidwa ndi mafakitale omwe ankagulitsidwa ndi mafakitale anali Ulan-Khodinskoye, yomwe tsopano yakhazikitsidwa. Ospinskoye deposit (East Sayan gulu), Golyubinsky ndi Buromskoye (Vitim gulu), Khokhurtsovskoye ndi Khamarkhudinskoye deposit (Dzhidinskaya gulu). Jade amapezekanso ku Kazakhstan, Mitsinje ya Polar, Tuva. China - Pamir Range, Kuen-Lun, Canada, New Zealand, Brazil, Mexico ndi Poland. Ku USA - Washington, Montana, Alaska, California. New Zealand jade ali ndi katundu wapamwamba, choncho imayikidwa pakati pa miyala yabwino kwambiri, miyala imayera komanso ili ndi mtundu wabwino.
Mapulogalamu. Ma Nephrite m'chilengedwe amalingaliridwa kuti ndi miyala yonyansa kwambiri komanso yolimba, yonse chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a fibrous. Ndipo abambo athu ambuye, podziwa za zinthu monga jade, ankagwiritsa ntchito popanga mphete, zibangili, ndipo nthawi zina zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Kwa anthu a South-East Asia, jade anali mwala wokondedwa. Mitengo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zachipembedzo ndi moyo. Kuyambira nthawi zakale mafano omwe amadziwika, amakhala ngati feteleza, chinthu cholambirira n'chofunika kwambiri.
Kummawa, slabs za jade ndi zolembera zoyenera zimasonyeza kuti mwiniwakeyo ndi wamkulu. Archaeologists, omwe amafufuzira m'manda a Kum'maŵa kwa Far East, amapeza sarcophagi, omwe ali ndi zida za jade, nthawi zina amawerengera zikwi zingapo. Mitemboyi inali yokongoletsedwa ndi mbale za jade, mbalezo zinagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi waya wagolide. Panthawi imeneyo amakhulupirira kuti izi zingapereke mzimu wa wakufa kwamuyaya.
Kuphatikiza apo, jade amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zolemba zozungulira, nyali za mafuta onunkhira, zotengera, zochepetsera.
Mu chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina, nephrite inakhazikitsidwa kwambiri nthawi yathu isanayambe. Komabe, ku China m'zaka za m'ma 2000 BC, mapangidwe apamwamba a jade akusintha kale. Kuchokera pa mwala, zinthu zachipembedzo ndi zapakhomo zinadulidwa; zizindikiro zomwe zinasiyanitsa olemekezeka; zojambula zosiyanasiyana; zojambula zokongola - ziboliboli za tebulo, mitsuko. Mitunduyi inapatsa nthendayi zachilengedwe - chipembedzo ndi machiritso.
Jade woyera ankayamikira kwambiri. Mipukutu yoyera ya jade inali yokutidwa ndi ziboliboli zabwino ndi kupachikidwa m'chiuno kapena pamutu, ndipo pamene panthawiyi ma mbalewo ankandiimba, ndiye, malinga ndi chikhulupiliro, iwo ankawopa mizimu yoyipa. Zojambula zamanja za ku China zimatchuka chifukwa chowonetsera zinyama, mwachinyama, chinjoka, hydra. Komabe, m'ma 1700 ndi m'ma 1800, dziko la China linafika pachimake pazithunzi za miyala yojambula miyala. Panthawi imeneyo, mabotolo, mbale, mabotolo a mafuta onunkhira, mitundu yonse ya zokongoletsera za tebulo, ziboliboli, mafano a nyama, chess zinapangidwa kuchokera ku miyala.
Kwa China ndizinthu zamtengo wapatali za mineral, kuphatikizapo mipira. Panali nthawi imene ku China nephrite inali yamtengo wapatali kuposa golidi. Ogonjetsa mpikisano, omwe adatenga malo atatu oyambirira, anapatsidwa ndodo: ndodo ya jade inaperekedwa kukhala malo oyamba, ndodo yachifumu - golidi, ndodo ya ndodo - malo achitatu. Ya jade, ngakhale kupanga mapepala, omwe anali ofanana ndi ndalama zinazake, ndipo m'msika wa pakhomo anali ndi lamulo lofalitsidwa.
Namphepete anapatsidwa dzina - mwala wamuyaya ndi nzeru, kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi.
Woganiza za Confucius, wachi China zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri zapitazo, adanena kuti kufunika kwa jade kuli ngati chizindikiro cha ubwino ndi umunthu.
Hiu-Chin, wolemba Chichina, anayerekezera katundu wa jade ndi makhalidwe auzimu: anayerekezera mphamvu ndi kulimba mtima, poyerekezera kuwala kwachilengedwe ndi kukoma mtima.
Pakalipano, jade imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzodzikongoletsera ndi kugula miyala. Jade awo amapanga zolemba zofanana - mabasiketi, magalasi a vinyo, mphete, zibangili, mapiritsi. Pa njira yokonza zipangizo zamakina, gawo lalikulu la mwalawo latayika.
Mankhwala ndi zamatsenga a jade
Zamalonda. Makolo athu amakhulupirira kuti nephritis ndi mliri wa matenda onse. Pofuna kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda onse, mwala wa jade unkavala thupi.
Akatswiri a zaka zapakati pazaka za m'ma Medieval ndi alchemists pakupanga mankhwala adatenga jade, atatayika mu ufa, ndipo nthawi zina amalimbikitsa kutenga jade, kutsuka pansi ndi madzi.
Ndi matenda a tsamba la mkodzo ndi impso, jade adzakuthandizani. Kuwonjezera apo, akukhulupirira kuti ufa wa jade udzakuthandizira kuchiza matenda a m'matumbo ndi m'mimba.
Azimayi oyembekezera amayenera kuvala nephritis m'mimba mwawo, izi zidzathandiza kupereka.
Kuonetsetsa kuti tulo tatha ndikuchotsa kugona tulo kumathandizira zida zogwiritsira ntchito.
Mipira ya Jade imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maiko ambiri kuti minofu ya nkhope ndi ya thupi ikhale yambiri.
Madida a Jade akhoza kuchiza kutupa m'thupi la munthu. Ndipo ngati nthendayi, kuvulaza, kutambasula kwa mbale kuti ikhale pachimake, kumachepetsa ululu.
Zamatsenga. Zida zamatsenga za jade zinamupangitsa kukhala wotchuka mu matsenga ndi chipembedzo. Kuyambira kale, jade ku China anapatsidwa mphamvu zabwino - mwala wa Kumwamba ndi Dziko lapansi, Umuyaya ndi nzeru. Mwala wa malingaliro, ukoma ndi zolinga zabwino.
Aaztec akale ankagwiritsa ntchito mipeni ya jade yopereka nsembe ya jade.
Mabuddha amakhulupirira kuti mpando wachifumu wa Buddha mumlengalenga wapangidwa ndi mchere uwu.
Jade amasangalala ndi zizindikiro za zodiacal za Libra ndi Dev - adzawapatsa mwayi muzochitika zonse. Libra adzatalikitsa moyo. Chigoba cha Virgil cha jade, chovala kudzanja lamanja, chidzabweretsa banja losangalala.
Zochita zamatsenga ndi zithumwa. Popeza jade ndi chizindikiro cha malingaliro ndi nkhanza kulimba mtima, choyamba chidzakhala chithumwa cha asayansi ndi asilikali. Ndipo ngati munthu atanyamula kachidutswa kakang'ono ka jade yekha, ndiye kuti amapita mofulumira komanso molimbika kwambiri ku cholinga. Amuna olimbana ndi magulu a nkhondo amatha kupereka chilakolako chogonjetsa, kulimba mtima, kuteteza kuvulaza.