Ptyres ndi osatha a herbaceous ferns. Mitundu ya pansiyi imakhala ya mamita awiri m'lifupi, imakhala ndi rhizome yaifupi, imagwetsedwa ndi tsitsi kapena mamba. Masamba a ferns ndi operewera kapena amagawikana, amatha kukhala ndi tsitsi kapena kutentha, kutentha, zotanuka. Sporangia ali pambali pa masamba ndipo ali pambali.
Pteris yobereketsa m'munda wamaluwa, komanso kuthandizira m'munda wa zomera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu phytodesign ya interiors ndi yozizira minda, wamkulu mu chipinda zinthu.
Msuzi ptersa ali ndi mankhwala. Pothandizira kuti asiye kutuluka m'magazi, pitirizani kupweteka m'chifuwa, yesetsani matenda a chiwindi, kutsegula m'mimba, matenda opatsirana m'mitsempha komanso poizoni ndi mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri msuzi ptersa ku China, kumene amachiritsidwa ndi zotupa ndi zotupa. Madzi a leaf amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphutsi.
Malamulo osamalira.
Kuunikira. Maluwa am'maluwa amatha kukonda kuwala, koma amawopa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Malo abwino kwambiri a malo awo ndi mawindo akumadzulo ndi kummawa. Ngati pteris ikukula pawindo lakumwera, muyenera kuyisuntha kuchoka pazenera kapena kuyika kuwala ndi pepala lopangidwa ndi mankhwala kapena gauze.
M'chaka chilimbikitseni kutenga chomera pa khonde kapena m'munda, koma kumbukirani kuti ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa, maluwa ndi mphepo. Ngati simungathe kuika pteris panja, chipinda chiyenera kupuma mpweya mosalekeza.
M'nyengo yozizira ndikofunika kupereka chomera chabwino. Kuunikira kwina, gwiritsani ntchito magetsi a fulorosenti, kuika pamwamba pa chomeracho osayandikira kuposa 50-60 masentimita, nthawi ya maola asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi atatu pa tsiku. M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, muyeneranso kutsegula chipinda, koma samalani ndi zojambula.
Kutentha kwa boma. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kwa kukula kwa pterytas mu nyengo yofunda ndi 20 ° C. Ngati firiji ili pamwamba pa 24 ° C, ndiye nkofunikira kuonetsetsa kutentha kwapamwamba. M'nyengo yozizira ya chaka, kutentha kwakukulu kumakhala 14-17 ° C. Maphunziro ndi masamba obiriwira sayenera kukhala pansi pa 12 ° C, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili pansi pa 15 ° C. Anthu onse amaopa mantha. Mpweya wotentha umapwetekanso fern, choncho usaiike pafupi ndi mabatire otentha.
Kuthirira. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe ndikofunikira kuthirira maluwa a pteris mochuluka ngati gawo lopamwamba la gawolo liuma. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira ndi kosavuta. Pambuyo pokhala pamwamba pa gawo lapansi, dyani, pumirani madzi okwanira masiku 1-2. Kusamba madzi ndi kofunika ndi madzi ozizira, opanda laimu. Musagwedezerenso ndipo musadutse gawolo, dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse.
Kutentha kwa mpweya. Pteris ndi maluwa omwe amakonda kwambiri chinyezi. Ndibwino kuti mupopere iwo chaka chonse. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi oimirira kapena osankhidwa. Ngati chipindacho ndi mpweya wouma, ndiye kuti muyenera kupopera fern osachepera 1-2 pa tsiku. Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi, mukhoza kuika mphika pamphuno ndi dothi lopaka madzi, moss kapena miyala. Samalani kuti pansi pa mphika sayenera kufika pamadzi.
Nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kutsuka chomeracho ndi kusamba ndikuchiyeretsa fumbi, moisten waii. Komabe, pa "kuthirira" muyenera kutseka mphika ndi paketi kuti musapeze madzi mu gawo.
Sikoyenera kuti tigwiritse ntchito njira iliyonse yomwe imaoneka ngati yofiira pa masamba a fern.
Kupaka pamwamba. Monga chovala pamwamba pa feteleza zamadzimadzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zokongoletsera-zowononga zomera. Mutha kuzipanga masabata awiri kuyambira May mpaka mapeto a August. Komabe, muyenera kuchepetsa mlingo wokwanira 2 poyerekeza ndi wopangidwayo. M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, musati mulangize kudyetsa.
Kusindikiza. Kuwombera kumafunika kukhala pokhapokha pakufunika, pamene pterytis imadzaza mphika wonse. Dothi liyenera kusankhidwa ndi osalowerera kapena acid. Gawo lokwanira ndilokusakaniza mofanana ndi nkhuku, tsamba, peat, humus ndi mchenga. Sankhani mphika pang'onopang'ono, koma pansi, pansi pake, onetsetsani kuti pali ngalande yabwino. Masamba owuma ndi osweka a fern amathetsedwa pokhapokha atakulungidwa.
Nthawi zina pambuyo pa kumuika, izi m'nyumba maluwa zimayamba kuuma. Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa mphukira zonse, kumiza mphika m'madzi kutentha kwa tsiku lonse. Ndipo ndi kuthirira kawirikawiri kwa mizu, masiku angapo kenako, masamba aang'ono adzawonekera.
Kubalana. The ptyris imabereka vegetatively (pogawa chitsamba) ndi spores.
Pteris nthawi zambiri amaberekana, kufesa spores kuchokera sporangia mu March. Zimamera pa 13 ° C.
Mankhwala atsopano a fern akhoza kupatulidwa panthawi yoika chomera chachikulu. Komabe, sikuvomerezeka kugawanika nthawi zambiri. Kumbukirani kuti kukula kwa pteris kuli pansi, choncho muyenera kugawanitsa mosamala kuti musaganize. Apo ayi, mutaya gawo la rhizome popanda kukula, koma ndi wigs.
Zovuta za kulima.
Ngati masambawo atembenukira mawanga achikasu ndi obiriwira amawoneka pa iwo, ndiye kutentha kwa firimu kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kwa pterisa. Pamene kutentha kumatuluka, chinyezi cha chipinda chiyeneranso kuwonjezeka. Chithunzi chomwecho chikuwonetsedwa ndi ulimi wosakwanira komanso wosakwanira. Mawanga a Brown ndi chizindikiro cha kutentha kwa dzuwa.
Ngati masamba akutembenukira chikasu, ndipo kukula kwa mbewu kumachepetsanso, ndiye chifukwa chotheka ndi chinyontho chochepa mu chipinda kapena mumayika fere pafupi ndi chimbudzi choyambira.
Ngati masamba a fern ayamba, amatha kukhala opunduka komanso osabvunda, izi zimayankhula pofuna kukondweretsa kwambiri kwa iye.
Ngati masambawa atembenukira chikasu, amawomba, amawongolera ndipo amayamba kugwa, amatanthauza kuti chipinda chimakhala chotentha kwambiri, chimakhala chotentha ndi madzi ozizira kapena ferns ali ndi nkhawa ndi zolemba. Chifukwa china chingakhale madzi ndi chlorinated madzi, otchedwa chlorosis.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a ptersis ndizosavuta.