Chizindikiro cha khunyu
Chiwerengero cha khunyu chimayambira pamtundu wa kupweteka, kusintha kwa ubongo ku EEG, kudziwa komwe khunyu imawonekera mu ubongo, kupezeka kwa chinthu chilichonse chomwe chimayambitsa kapena kuchititsa khunyu, komanso zaka za wodwalayo.
Mitundu ya matenda a khunyu imafooka
Kugwidwa kwa khunyu kumagawidwa m'zinthu zonse.
Kugonjetsedwa kwachibadwa
Pankhaniyi, pali kufalikira kwa ntchito ya khunyu kuchokera ku ubongo wonse. Pali mitundu yotsatira ya kugwidwa kwadzidzidzi:
• Kuthamanga kwa Tonic-clonic (kuthamanga kwakukulu) - kuphatikizapo kutaya chidziwitso. Pachifukwa ichi, wodwalayo poyamba amawombera pambali iliyonse, ndiye kuti thupi lonse limagwedezeka. Pakhoza kukhala kukodza kosasamala kapena kutetezedwa;
• Kugonjetsedwa kwa anon-convulsive generalization (kuchepa pang'ono) - kupyolera mwadzidzidzi kutaya chidziwitso, kawirikawiri kwa masekondi pang'ono, zomwe zingawoneke.
Zizindikiro zambiri za ana, ndipo zingawoneke kuti mwanayo akungoganiza;
• Kutha kwa atonic - kawirikawiri kumapezeka kwa ana; pamodzi ndi kugwa mwadzidzidzi;
• chifuwa cha khunyu - kupweteka kumachitika mosalekeza popanda nthawi yowonongeka; zotsatira zotha kufa.
Kugonjetsa pang'ono
Pogwidwa pang'onopang'ono, mbali imodzi ya ubongo imakhudzidwa ndi ndondomeko ya matenda. Kawirikawiri zimakhala chifukwa cha matenda a chilengedwe. Kugonjetsa kwapadera kungadutse m'malo otukuka. Zitha kukhala:
• kugwidwa kosavuta - wodwalayo amatha kusintha kusintha kwake popanda kuzindikira;
• Kutaya kwakukulu - kutaya chidziwitso.
Zosokoneza
Njira imodzi yopezera matenda a khunyu ndi electroencephalography (EEG). Ma electrode anaikidwa pamphuno wa mliri wokhudzana ndi magetsi omwe amapangidwa ndi cortex ya ubongo. Maganizo amenewa amasonyeza bwino ntchito ndi ntchito za maselo a mitsempha. Anomalies a ubongo amagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri pamene ntchito yowonongeka ya maselo imasokonezeka. EEG iyi imasonyeza ntchito zamagetsi za ubongo wa munthu wathanzi. EEG ya wodwala ndi khunyu ingathe kuzindikira mafunde osagwidwa ndi magetsi. Kawirikawiri, ndondomeko ya EEG imakhala pafupifupi mphindi 15, koma nthawi zina siziwulula kusintha kwa ntchito za ubongo za khunyu. Choncho, kuti mulandire zotsatira zowunikira, maphunziro angapo a EEG angafunike.
Anamnesis wa matendawa
Ndikofunika kuti mudziwe mbiri yakale ya wodwalayo, kuphatikizapo kufotokozera za chikhalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwidwa. Kufotokozera momwe chiwopsezo chimagwirira ntchito chingathandize kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a khunyu ndi kumalo komwe kumayambira magetsi. Mitundu ina ya kugwidwa imayamba kutsatiridwa ndi otchedwa aura, ndipo atatha kuukira wodwalayo akhoza kudandaula za chisokonezo, mutu ndi ululu m'misungo. Kulongosola molondola za kulanda kwa mboni n'kofunikanso kuti mudziwe.
Kufufuza kwina
Kufufuza kozama kumve kofunika kuti tifotokoze kuti kugwidwa kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a khunyu, kuzindikiritsa chikhalidwe chake ndi chifukwa chake. Maphunziro otsatirawa angafunike:
• Maonekedwe a khunyu amachokera kumutu mpaka kufooka. Kuwona zizindikiro za achibale kapena abwenzi kungathandize kuthana ndi matendawa.
- kuyesa magazi kuti azindikire kusintha kwa mlingo wa mankhwala osiyanasiyana;
• Kujambula kwamaginito (MRI) - kuti azindikire matenda a ubongo.
Akadwala matenda a khunyu, wodwalayo amamupatsa chithandizo chamankhwala. Pakalipano, pali ambiri a antiticonvulsants, kuphatikizapo carbamazepine ndi sodium valproate, koma palibe mwa iwo omwe amachiritsira mitundu yonse ya khunyu. Kusankhidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumadalira mtundu wa khunyu, zaka za wodwala komanso kukhalapo kwa zotsutsana, monga mimba. Poyamba, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mlingo wochepa wa mankhwala, womwe umatuluka mpaka kulamulira kwathunthu pa kupweteka. Pamene mlingo ulipitirira, n'zotheka kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa, kuyambira kugona mpaka tsitsi loposa. Nthawi zina kufufuza ndi kofunika, kumathandiza kusankha mlingo woyenera, chifukwa mlingo womwewo wa mankhwalawo ukhoza kusokoneza odwala osiyanasiyana.
Chithandizo cha opaleshoni
Mankhwala opaleshoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano nthawi zambiri - pamene mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalephera, ndipo matenda a khunyu akudziwika bwino mu ubongo.
• Ngati munthu wataya chidziwitso panthawi ya kuukira, koma amatha kupuma payekha, ndikofunikira kumupatsa malo otha. Izi zidzathandiza kuti kupuma kuleke.
Choyamba Chothandizira
Thandizo loyamba la tonic-clonic khunyu likugwirizana ndi izi:
• Danga lozungulira wodwalayo limatulutsidwa chifukwa cha chitetezo kwa wodwalayo komanso kwa wothandizira;
• Kutseka zovala kumachotsedwa;
• Pansi pa mutu wa wodwalayo, ikani chinthu chofewa;
• Ngati wodwala asapuma, kupuma kumaperekedwa.
Mukangomaliza kumapeto, wodwalayo ayenera kuikidwa pamtunda. Inu simungakhoze kuika chirichonse mu kamwa yake. Mulimonsemo, muyenera kuyitanira ambulansi, makamaka ngati ili yoyenera, idatha mphindi zitatu kapena wodwalayo adalandira kuwonongeka kulikonse. Odwala ambiri amene adakumana ndi vuto limodzi amamva kachiwiri m'zaka ziwiri zotsatira. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri patangopita masabata angapo chiwonongeko choyamba. Chigamulo chosankha chithandizo pambuyo pachiwiri choyenera chidzadalira kuti zotsatira za matendazo zingakhudze bwanji zomwe wodwalayo akuchita komanso khalidwe lake.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Chithandizo chamankhwala chimapereka mphamvu zowononga kugwidwa ndipo amachepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero chawo mwa odwala atatu. Pafupifupi awiri mwa atatu mwa anthu atatu alionse odwala matenda a khunyu atatha kuchipatala akhoza kusiya mankhwala. Komabe, mankhwalawa ayenera kuchotsedwa pang'onopang'ono, popeza kufooka kungayambirenso ndi kuchepa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'thupi.
Zosangalatsa
Khunyu, mwatsoka, amadziwikabe ndi ambiri ngati mtundu wamanyazi. Choncho, odwala nthawi zambiri samawauza abwenzi awo, ogwira nawo ntchito ndi olemba ntchito anzawo, kuwopa maganizo awo oipa.
Zoletsa
Odwala omwe akudwala matenda a khunyu, mwa zina, amalephera kulandira chilolezo choyendetsa galimoto ndikuchita zinthu zina. Ana omwe ali ndi khunyu sayenera kusamba kapena kukwera njinga popanda kuyang'anira wamkulu. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, chithandizo choyenera ndi zowonongeka, odwala ambiri amatha kuona momwe matenda awo akuyendera. Chiwerengero cha ana omwe ali ndi khunyu ndibwino. Monga tcheru, mwana ayenera kusewera kapena kusambira pansi pa oyang'anira.