Mu mtundu wa Cineraria mungathe kuwerengera mitundu 50 ya zomera zomwe ziri za banja la astroids. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka zomera zotsamba, koma palinso zitsamba. Kugawa kwawo kumadera otentha ku Africa, komanso ku Canary Islands ndi Madagascar. Mtundu uwu uli pafupi kwambiri ndi mtundu wina - Senecia, kuphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya zomera kuchokera ku mtundu wa Cineraria, umene umakula kuti ukhale wokongoletsera.
Mitundu
Kubzala kunyumba, mtundu umodzi wokha wa zomera umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri - ndi wamagazi wamagazi. Dzina lina la mitundu iyi ndi Cineraria Hybrid, Crest Bloodstorm. Dziko lachilumbali ndi Canary Islands. Cineraria wosakanizidwa ndi chomera cha herbaceous, chosatha, chomwe kutalika kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 60. Masamba ndi amphepete, ndipo m'mphepete mwawo muli zowomba. Iye ali ndi petal ndi peting winged. Inflorescences amasonkhanitsidwa m'mabhasiketi ambiri ndipo amakhala ndi mithunzi yambiri.
Kusamalira mbewu
Kuunikira. Maluwa okongola a hybrid cineraria chikondi akuwala, koma popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa pa iwo. Ponena za mbali ya dziko lapansi, amasankha mbali za kumadzulo ndi kummawa. Kumbali ya kumwera, zomera zimakhala zotentha ndipo, ngati akadakali kum'mwera, ndizofunika kwambiri kuziphimba. Kumbali ya kumpoto, mmalo mwake, chomeracho sichikhala ndi kuwala kokwanira kwa zomera. Koma ngati kuwala kuli kokwanira kumpoto, ndiye kuti malowa ndi malo abwino kwambiri, chifukwa chomeracho chimaonedwa kuti ndi wokondeka.
Kutentha kwa boma. Ulamuliro wa kutentha uyenera kuperekedwa mochuluka, koma m'malo mwake umakhala wovuta kwambiri. Hybrid cineraria sakonda kutentha, kotero ikani malo ozizira. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 15C, koma sikuyenera kutsika m'munsimu + 8C. Chovuta kwambiri pa chomera pa kutentha pamwamba + 20 ° C.
Kuthirira. Cineraria ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Ngati chipinda chomwe chilipo chiri chozizira, ndiye kuti kuthirira kumayenera kukhala mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa n'kotheka kudula nthaka mochulukirapo. Chinyezi cha gawolo chiyenera kusungidwa moyenera, kupewa kuuma kapena kupitirira. Madzi amafunika kutentha, nthawi zonse, kutentha.
Kutentha kwa mpweya. Cineraria wosakanizidwa amakonda kukwera kwamtundu, ngakhale kuti sizingapangidwe. Kwa humidification ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowononga mpweya, komanso zimatha kuikidwa pa khola ndi dothi lowonjezera.
Kubalana. Kuberekera kumachitika ndi mbewu. Ayenera kufesedwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana kuyambira June mpaka October. Ngati mukufuna kupeza maluwa, ndiye kuti mubzala kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu mpaka pakatikati pa nyengo; kwa maluwa oyambirira - May, June. Pambuyo pofesa maluwa, ziyenera kutenga miyezi 8-9. Chotsitsa cha mbeu chiyenera kukhala ndi masamba osakaniza padziko lapansi, komanso kuwonjezera mchenga, chisakanizocho chiyenera kusankhidwa. Chidebe chokhala ndi mbewu chimasungidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa 20-22 ° C. Mbeu ikadzuka, iyenera kuikidwa m'madzi osakaniza, koma ndi kuwonjezera pa nthaka. Malo a leaf ndi humus amafunika kwa magawo 4, humus - magawo awiri, ndi mchenga gawo limodzi. Chidebecho chiri ndi mphukira chimayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha kotero kuti chomeracho pang'onopang'ono chizoloŵezi chotsegula mpweya. Madzi ayenera kukhala tsiku lililonse. Ngati dzuwa lituluka, ndiye kuti ayenera kupopedwa ndi pritenyat. Nthawi ina amathawira pansi pamalo otentha. Pansi, muyenera kuwonjezera 2 kg mafupa (pa 1 mita mita), ndiyeno zomera zomwe zimasamidwa nazo zimabzalidwa miphika yaing'ono. Ngati cineraria yayamba kufesedwa, ndiye kuti miphika iyenera kukhala yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa yomwe inafesedwa mu July-August. Miphika imayikidwa mu kuwala kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha kwa + 10-12C. Pambuyo pooneka mizu, kutentha kumachepetsedwa kukhala + 4-6C, ndipo chipinda chili ndi mpweya wokwanira. Kumapeto kwa autumn, madzi okwanira ayenera kuchepetsedwa, koma saloledwa kuti awume. Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumayenera kuwonjezerekanso kuzinthu zam'mbuyomu, pamene kuthirira ndi nthawi yopuma mpweya ziyeneranso kuwonjezeka. Pambuyo pa masambawa, kutentha kukuwonjezeka, kufika ku 15-18 ° C. Mmerawo udzaphuka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ngati chomeracho chidafesedwa mu July-August kapena kenako, ndiye kuti mu February kutentha sikunayambe kuchedwa maluwa kwa mwezi umodzi.
Ngati mukufuna, mbande, zomwe zakhala zikukonzeka mokwanira pambuyo poyambira, zinayambika m'chilimwe m'nyengo yozizira yozizira, ndipo mu September iwo anabzala m'miphika yapakatikati ndikuika mu wowonjezera kutentha. Pambuyo pa isanayambike ozizira nyengo, miphika amabweretsedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha. Mitengo yotere idzaphuka mu January. Mu minda yamaluwa ambiri, nthawi zina cineraria sichimasamutsidwa kuchoka ku kamphindi kakang'ono kufika pamphika wawukulu, nthawi yomweyo imabzalidwa kukula kwa mphika yomwe idzagulitsamo sitolo.
Kwa cineraria ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi zakudya zabwino m'nthaka. Choncho, m'pofunikira nthawi zonse kudyetsa mchere feteleza. Izi zimachitika kawiri kapena katatu pa mwezi. Njira 0.25% -0.3% njira ya microfertilizers; mu nthawi ya kukula ikuwonjezedwa mlungu uliwonse. Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa masamba, cineraria nthawi zambiri amadyetsedwa osati ndi mchere feteleza, komanso organic, kuwonjezera feteleza ndi njira imodzi, kamodzi pa sabata.
Zosatheka zovuta
Kukula maluwa a nyumbayi m'nyumba, zimakhala zovuta kusamalira zinthu zonse zomwe zimafunika kuti izi zitheke. Ndicho chifukwa chake kawirikawiri cineraria amamwalira ali wamkulu mu chipinda.
Ngati chomeracho chikuphuka kwambiri, ndiye kuti mwina chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu komanso kusowa madzi. Mmerawo ukhozanso kukhala wopanda kuwala.
Masamba akhoza kutembenukira chikasu ndipo amayamba kuwonongeka ngati chomeracho chikufota ndipo sichitha madzi okwanira.
Chomeracho chingakhudzidwe ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, powdery mildew. Kuphika nsabwe za m'masamba zimagwiritsa ntchito 0,1% pyrimore, komanso mame - 0.15% karatan, 0.02% mwala wapangidwe kapena 2% kukonzekera sopo.
Komanso, zomera zimatha kutenga matenda, mwachitsanzo, phytophthora.