Akatswiri asayansi amanena kuti dothi la ozoni la padziko lapansili likucheperachepera chaka chilichonse, motero kuwonjezera kuopsa kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Akatswiri akhala akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito sunscreen osati pagombe, koma tsiku lililonse. Mankhwalawa amafunika kuchitidwa mbali zonse za thupi lomwe limatsegulidwa nthawi zonse, ndiko, mikono, khosi, miyendo, mapewa ndi nkhope. Komabe, kuti zotsatira za kirimu zikhale zogwira mtima, muyenera kusankha izo, kutsogoleredwa ndi malamulo ena, komanso magawo a thupi lanu, makamaka mtundu wa khungu.
Mlingo wa dzuwa kuteteza
Tsamba lililonse la dzuwa liri ndi chizindikiro chodziwika kuti kuteteza dzuwa. Zimatchulidwa ndi manambala. Zamakono zamakono zili ndi mayankho awiri otero. Mmodzi wa iwo, SPF amasonyeza mlingo wa chitetezo choperekedwa ndi kirimu kuchokera ku ultraviolet b-rays, inayo, UVA - mlingo woteteza ku ultraviolet rays.
Chidziwitso cha iwo ndi parameter ya SPF. Ngati muwona chidule ichi pa phukusi la kirimu, ndiye mutha kutsimikiza kuti kirimu ndiwotchi. Chiwerengero, chomwe chili chofanana ndi SPF, chikutanthauza nthawi zingati nthawi yowonjezera ya dzuwa imawonjezeka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati khungu lanu loyamba reddening likuwoneka ola limodzi litatha dzuwa, ndiye kuti, pogwiritsa ntchito kirimu yoteteza ndi SPF yofanana ndi khumi, mukhoza kukhalabe dzuwa popanda kuononga khungu kwa maola pafupifupi khumi (ngakhale madokotala nthawi yotereyi pansi pano silingakonzedwe mwachidwi). Zotsatirazi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe ziri gawo la kirimu, monga ufa wokoma kwambiri wa titaniyamu ya dioxide, yomwe imagwira ntchito mwa njira zambiri zamagetsi zomwe zimathandizira kusonyeza kuwala kwa ultraviolet.
SPF iyi yapadera imasiyana pakati pa awiri ndi makumi asanu. 2 - ndikutetezeka kwambiri, komwe kumateteza hafu ya ultraviolet yoopsa kwambiri - UV-B. Zowonjezeka kwambiri ndi SPF 10-15, zomwe ziri zabwino kwambiri poteteza khungu lenileni. Mtundu wotetezeka kwambiri mu SPF 50 - amasuta mpaka 98 peresenti ya ma radiation owopsa.
Akatswiri ambiri amatsenga amagwiritsa ntchito tebulo la Thomas Fitzpatrick kuti adziwe mtundu wa khungu (phototype), malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya melanocyte.
Muyeso iyi, pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya khungu. Zomaliza ziwiri pano sitidzakupatsani, chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi khungu amakhala nthawi zambiri ku Africa ndi maiko ena otentha. Pakati pa anthu a ku Ulaya kulipo phototype zinayi. Mtundu wake suli wovuta kudziwitsa, apa pali katundu wa aliyense wa iwo.
Ine phototype
Khungu loyera kwambiri ndi pinkish tinge. Kawirikawiri pali madontho. Kawirikawiri ndi ma blondes abuluu (blondes) kapena anthu ofiira ndi khungu lokongola. Khungu lawo ndi lovuta kwambiri kukanika, limatentha mofulumira kwambiri. Kawirikawiri izi ndi maminiti 10. Kwa iwo, kirimu yokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, ndi SPF osachepera 30, idzawatsata - ndalama zotsalira sizingatheke kuwathandiza.
II phototype
Phototype yachiwiri ya khungu ndi yofewa, mabala amodzi ndi osowa kwambiri, tsitsi ndi lopepuka, maso ali obiriwira, bulauni, imvi. Kwa iwo, nthawi yomaliza yopitilira dzuwa sizoposa kotala la ola, ndipo kenako mwayi wowonjezera dzuwa ukuwonjezeka kwambiri. Ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma creams ndi SPF ofanana ndi 20 kapena 30 sabata yoyamba ya dzuwa lotentha, pambuyo pake kirimu chiyenera kusinthidwa kukhala chinanso, chomwe chiri ndi nthawi yapansi 2-3 nthawi.
III phototype
Khungu lakuda, maso a bulauni, tsitsi limakhala lofiira kapena msuzi. Nthawi yotetezeka dzuwa ndi pafupifupi theka la ora. Amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito dzuwa kirimu ndi SPF kuyambira 15 mpaka 6.
IV phototype
Brunettes ndi khungu lamdima ndi maso amdima. Iwo akhoza kukhala mu dzuwa kwa mphindi 40 popanda kupsereza. Kwa iwo, kirimu ndi SPF kuyambira 10 mpaka 6 ndi zabwino.
Komanso nthawi yofunikira ya kusankha kolondola khungu zoteteza ku dzuwa ndi kumene iwe ukhala kukhala dzuwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngati mukufuna kukonza mapiri kapena kuchita masewera a madzi, ndi bwino kutenga kirimu ndi chitetezo chachikulu - SPF30. Amagwiranso ntchito khungu la ana.