Pamwamba pa kutengeka kwa khungu, m'munsimu ndi pakhomo la kulekerera kwake. Ngati mukumana ndi khungu kapena zozizwitsa, muyenera kukaonana ndi katswiri (wodwala, katswiri wa mankhwala kapena cosmetologist). Sikoyenera kugwirizanitsa mtundu wa khungu la munthu ndi zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe, mlingo wa kukhudzidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha khungu lonse, gawo lililonse la magawolo likhoza kukhala palokha. Mitundu yonse ya khungu ilibe vutoli, koma imodzi mwa iwo ali ndi mphamvu mwa njira yake. Vuto la kukhudzidwa kwa khungu limaphunziridwa mochuluka, koma ngakhale zili choncho, zimakhala zovuta kulingalira kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza maonekedwe ake.
Zifukwa zonse zikuluzikulu zingakhale zogawanika kukhala mitundu itatu:
- Zosasintha - zogwirizana ndi chibadwa cha chibadwa;
- Zosasintha - zikuchokera ndi nthawi;
- Zosakanikirana - kuphatikiza ziwiri zapitazo.
Ngati zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kutengeka kwa khungu zimakhala zosiyana, izi zimakhala chifukwa cha kusayenerera kapena zotsatira za zinthu zovulaza, chifukwa cha zotsatira za maganizo monga nkhawa, kutopa; somatic - matenda, kapena kunja - chilengedwe choipa, nyengo, zovuta.
Khungu lomwe lapezeka ndi zotsatira zowonongeka kwambiri, mwachitsanzo pa nthawi yobisa mankhwala, ingakhalenso yovuta.
Ku French Centre kwa Epidermal ndi Research Research and Research (CE.RIES), panthawi yafukufuku, kugwirizana kunapezeka pakati pa kukhudzidwa kwa khungu ndi zinthu monga moyo ndi chilengedwe.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kutalika kwa dzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali kungakhudze khungu lodziwika bwino. Chizindikiro cha khungu lodziwika bwino kawirikawiri limakhala lofiira, kumverera kwa kuyimba kapena kuyaka, komanso kuuma kwa khungu. Khungu ngatilo limatha kugwiritsira ntchito njira zodzikongoletsa pamaso kapena zodzoladzola zokongoletsera. Pochita kafukufuku kwa amayi ku Ulaya, pafupifupi 60 peresenti ya anthu omwe adayankha anati iwo amaona kuti khungu lawo ndi lodziwika bwino ndipo 5-10% a iwo amatha kutchula chifukwa cha cholowa cha chikhalidwe ichi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti zofunikira kwambiri (zovuta, zovuta zachilengedwe ndi zina zotero) ndikuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha amayi omwe ali ndi "matenda a khungu", osatsimikiziridwa. Akatswiri amanena kuti izi zimakhala zovuta pamoyo zomwe zimachitika m'masiku ano
Chiwerengero cha amayi omwe ali ndi khungu lodziwika ndi lalikulu, ndipo izi ndi chifukwa chakuti izi zingakhudze aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa khungu.
Kusiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana
Pali magulu angapo a luntha, omwe angasinthe malinga ndi munthu mwiniyo kapena nthawi ya chaka. Chidziwitso cha kapangidwe ka khungu kamakhudza maonekedwe a mawonekedwe a kukhudzidwa. Zina mwa zinthuzi zingapangitse kuti izi ziwoneke, choncho kuwala konyezimira, khungu lakuda kapena kouma kumakhala kosavuta kumva. Khungu lofewa kwambiri komanso lofewa kwambiri ndiloluntha kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya khungu, chifukwa chakuti ndilo lopangidwa kwambiri, choncho, osatetezedwa kwambiri.
1. Khungu labwino
Khungu lopweteka ndilowonekera kwambiri ku zinthu zakunja. Zimadziwika ndi kumverera kwa zovuta, kuyabwa kapena kumangirira. Ndi khungu ngatilo, m'pofunikira kusankha ndi kusamalira njira zothandizira, popeza zingayambitse vutoli, zomwe zidzasokoneza kwambiri.
2. Khungu lopsa mtima kapena lopsa mtima
Akuvutika ndi khungu loyera. Zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika zoterezi zingakhale zosiyana, mwachitsanzo, zowonongeka, zamankhwala kapena za mankhwala. Monga lamulo, khungu limayambanso ndi reddening, roughness, dryness kapena scaly mawanga, kugwira khungu ngatilo kungakhale kosasangalatsa kapena zopweteka. Muzochitika izi, nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse mugwiritse ntchito chisamaliro chobwezeretsa pogwiritsira ntchito kuchepetsa, kuchepetsa ndi kubwezeretsa ogwira ntchito.
3. Khungu lamagetsi
Mbali yapamwamba kwambiri, yomwe imasonyeza kukhudza khungu. Khungu ngatilo silingakhoze kuzindikira chirichonse, ndipo limayang'ana ku chinthu chirichonse chokhumudwitsa. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kutsata ndondomeko za dokotala, kuphatikizapo posankha njira zowonetsera komanso zosamalira.
4. Rosacea
Rosacea ndi chikhalidwe cha khungu, kuwonetseredwa ngati chotsatira cha kutsekemera kosauka, ndi kutsogolera ku zitsulo zazitsulo. Zikhoza kukwiyidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (nyengo kapena nyengo) ndipo zimaphatikizapo kutentha. Khungu ngatilo lili pafupi ndi kukhudzidwa. Chizindikiro cha rosacea pakhungu ndi mafiira ofiira kapena mitsempha yamagazi yotchulidwa. Khungu lolunjika limafunikira kusamalidwa bwino. Choyamba, nkofunika kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kutengeka kwa khungu, kuti athetse zinthu zomwe zinayambitsa vutoli. Gawo lotsatira ndikusankha mosamala mankhwala odzola kuti athetse vutoli kuti athetse kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya khungu. Ngati mkati mwa masabata angapo mutayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe simukuwoneka bwino, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kukaonana ndi wodwala kapena khungu. Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kumathandizira kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa khungu lodziwika bwino. Zotsatira zowononga khungu lanu zitha kukhala ndi dzuwa nthawi yaitali kapena kuzizira, mphepo yamphamvu, mowa, kusuta fodya. Komanso, m'pofunika kupewa njira zowononga mankhwala kapena zowononga khungu za mankhwala omwe ali ndi makina ambiri a retinol.
Ntchito yaikulu ya khungu ndiyo kuteteza motsutsana ndi zotsatira zovulaza za zinthu zowononga, zomwe zimayankhidwa ku chilengedwe cha tsiku ndi tsiku.
Pofufuza njira yotetezerayi, zimapezeka kuti msinkhu woyamba wa chitetezo ndi wochepa thupi (kapena umatchedwa stratum corneum), womwe ungafanane ndi minofu. Pano, kuyendayenda kumasankhidwa mu njira imodzi ndipo chinyezi chimasungidwa - chimzake, motero kumayendetsa kutaya madzi kwa khungu. Izi zowonjezera zimakhala ndi maselo ofiira, koma ndi othandiza kwambiri, ali ndi otchedwa otumidwa, omwe amalola kuti pakhale njira yatsopano yowonjezeramo matendawa. Pansi pa malo osanjikizana ndi maselo a basal a maselo a Epidermis ndi Langerhans (macrophages a dermis), omwe amadziwikanso kuti "watchdog" maselo. Amagwira thupi lililonse lachilendo lomwe lingalowe mkati mwa khungu, ndipo amapereka chizindikiro kwa ma lymphocyte kuti awononge. Khungu lotere limatha kupweteka komanso / kapena kukwiya pa khungu.
Choncho, khungu limayambira ku chirichonse:
- Ngati zowonongeka, "imatembenukira" ku maselo a basal, omwe amakhudza kubwezeretsa kwa epidermis.
- Ndi dzuwa lowala kwambiri, khungu limatetezedwa ndi melanocytes, lomwe limatha kupanga melenin, yomwe imateteza maselo osalimba.
- Pamene opunduka, fibroblasts imayamba kupanga collagen ndi elastin fibers.
- Pofuna kupewa kutentha kwambiri, khungu limayamba kukhala ndi thukuta.
- Pamene supercooled, imakhala "mafuta" a mafuta.
Kuchokera pa zonsezi, tingathe kuona kuti kuchuluka kwa njirayi ndi kovuta komanso ngakhale kuchepa kwazing'ono kungabweretse mavuto aakulu. Khungu lopweteka kapena lochepetsetsa ndilo chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito. Vutoli likuwonjezeredwa ndi mfundo yakuti, monga momwe amasonyezera, vuto lililonse la kukhudzidwa kwa khungu ndilopadera mthupi lake. Zovuta kwambiri za kusamvetseka uku ndi psoriasis. Mavutowa a khungu amadziwika ndi njira yowonongeka ya epidermis (masiku atatu mmalo mwa masabata atatu), izi zimabweretsa "umaliseche" wokhazikika, kapena kuti chilakolako cha khungu, chomwe chimayambitsa zotsatira zopweteka.
Zochitika zatsopano m'munda wa chisamaliro chokhudzidwa pakhungu
Research Laboratory ndi IFREMER (French Institute for Marine Resource Research and Exploitation) mu kafukufuku wofanana adapeza chigawo chogwira ntchito ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kuyanjanitsa kwa maselo kumayambira ku zinthu zakunja. Zonsezi zinatheka chifukwa cha posachedwapa kufufuza kwa nyanja pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano, kudutsa pa kuya kwa mamita 2,500. Pa kuya kwakukulu, kukwaniritsidwa kwa mdima wakuda, pa mamita 550 palibenso kuwala, ndipo kuwala kochepa, moyo wovuta. Choncho, moyo wochokera ku photosynthesis sungatheke kuno. Mu 1977, asayansi anafufuza zofufuza za zilumba za Galapagos, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti apeze zodabwitsa zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale paliponse padziko lapansi. Ku Pacific kumakhala pafupifupi zamoyo 2,500 m zamoyo, kuzungulira ndi nyama zambirimbiri, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi timadzi timene timagulu timene timapanga timadzi timene timagulu timene timapanga timadzi timeneti timakhala pamodzi pakati pa mtundu wa oasis. Kukhalapo kwa zinyama izi kumayang'ana pa akasupe ofunda a hydrothermal otchedwa "osuta akuda," ndipo omwe amafanana ndi chimneys. Maziko a magwerowa ndi madzi a m'nyanja, omwe amachoka pamtunda wa zolakwika zomwe zimatsogolera kudutsa pansi pa dziko lapansi pafupi ndi magma.
Mtsinje wa hydrothermal umatenthedwa kufika kutentha pamwamba pa 400 ° C ndipo imakwera pamwamba pa nyanja. Moyo umayendetsedwa paliponse pamene magetsiwa sakuwuka, akuwoneka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodabwitsa. Nchifukwa chake malowa amatchedwa "Gardens Gardens". Koma ngati "osuta wakuda" akuwuma, ndiye kuti nyama zolemera zimayamba kufa, zikusiya dera loyera, lopanda moyo.
Mu 1987, IFREMER inapeza zosiyana zamoyo. Asayansi anatha kufotokoza chinsinsi cha moyo wawo wamoyo, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito chemosynthesis (kusinthika kwa zinthu zakuthambo kuchokera ku mabakiteriya osakaniza), zomwe zinapangitsa kuti apeze umodzi mwa zoyanjanitsa zoyambirira pa moyo wa Padziko Lapansi ... Powerenga imodzi mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, yatsopano chigawo chogwira ntchito ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa zothetsera kusintha ndi kukhazikika, pokhala m'mavuto ovuta. Asayansiwa atulukira kuti ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito chigawochi kuti asamalire khungu lodziwika bwino.