Mafuta a mafuta obwezeretsa
Mbeu yamapepala imakhala ndi mafuta 35-50%, 5-7%, ndi 18-31% mapuloteni, omwe ali oyenera ndi amino acid. Chomera ichi mwa mafuta ndi mapuloteni oposa soya komanso mwa njira ina ya mpendadzuwa ndi mpiru.
Pakali pano, msika uli wodzaza ndi mafuta odyetsedwa, choncho amayesedwa kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito mopanda chakudya. Masiku ano, zochokera ku zomera zimayesa kutulutsa mafuta, zomwe ndi zofunika, mwachitsanzo, kumpoto. Mafuta ophwanya akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi. Kuphatikiza apo, ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa galimoto. Sikuti ndi poizoni, choncho amatha kusintha m'malo mwa mafuta.
Kubwezeretsanso kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nthata zolima. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa haylage ndi wobiriwira, komanso ufa wa zitsamba kuphatikizapo zomera zina, ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Chomerachi ndi malo odyetsera ng'ombe (nkhumba, nkhosa, etc.). Chigololo chimakula mofulumira ndipo chimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, omwe ali ndi sulufule. Pazigwiriro zoberekera, nkhosa zimatulutsidwa makamaka, chifukwa izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa ziweto zazing'ono ndikuwonjezera zokolola za nyama / ubweya. Kuchokera kumunda wogwiririra, njuchi zimasonkhanitsa 80-90 kilogalamu ya uchi (1 ha).
Pambuyo pokonza mbewu za rapesed, mafuta odzaza ndi mapuloteni ambiri amapezeka. Mapuloteni a chomerachi ndi ofanana ndi mavitamini, soya, batala wa ng'ombe, mkaka ndi mazira.
Mafuta odzola ndi otchuka chifukwa cha khalidwe lake ndipo chifukwa chake pali zofunikira padziko lonse lapansi. Msika wa mdziko, mafuta awa ali pamwamba asanu ndi ofikira kunja ndi kutumizira kunja, udindo wachinayi. Yachiwiri ndi kanjedza, soya ndi mafuta a mpendadzuwa.
Lero, chaka chogwiriridwa chaka ndi chaka chimalimidwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, makamaka ngati mbewu yothira mafuta. Mafuta a canola omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku mbewu ya rapes ndi chakudya m'mayiko ambiri.
Pogwiritsidwa ntchito, phwitikila imaphatikizapo kuchulukitsa kwa mafuta osatetezeka, omwe ndi ofunika poletsa mafuta a metabolism. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti machiritso amachiritsa. Choncho, mafuta opatsirana amathandiza kuchepetsa mafuta a kolesterolini komanso kupewa kutsekula kwa thrombus ndi matenda ena. Mankhwalawa sapezeka mumapezeka mafuta a nyama. Madokotala amatsutsa kuti pakupanga mafuta opukutira pali zinthu zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi zitsulo.
Chifukwa cha erucic acid mu mafuta a rapeseed, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama m'magulu osiyanasiyana a mafakitale (mu malingaliro a kuuma kwazitsulo, etc.). Kuwonjezera apo, mafuta, opangidwa kuchokera ku rapesed, sakugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha, ndipo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta mu jet injini.
Mafuta odzola amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo zopangira zofunda chifukwa cha mphamvu zake pa 160-250 ° C kuti agwirizane ndi sulfure ndikupanga zenizeni. Pofuna kupanga mapulogalamu / telfural, udzu wa masamba ndi timapepala ta mapepala ndi abwino. Mafuta odzola amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu nsalu, mankhwala, chikopa, kusindikiza, sopo, zodzoladzola ndi mafakitale a penti ndi mavitamini.
Mbewu za kugwiririra zimatchuka chifukwa cha mankhwala awo, chifukwa zimasiyana ndi mafuta ena. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mafuta opatsirana ndi erucic acid okhutira mu glycerides ndi phospholipids, komanso kukhalapo kwa glucosides, omwe ali ndi sulfure mu mapuloteni mbali ya mbewu. Kuphatikizanso apo, rapesed ali ndi myrosinase ya enzyme, yomwe imatha kusokoneza thioglucosides.
The erucic acid zokhazikika mu chomera chaka ndi 42-52%. Kukhalapo kwake mu rapese kungathe kuonedwa ngati chinthu chabwino kapena choipa cha chomeracho. Chilichonse chimadalira cholinga cha ntchito - chakudya kapena luso.
Pali umboni wakuti erucic acid ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa thupi la munthu, choyamba, pogwiritsa ntchito lipids m'magulu ena amkati. Pamene ankadyetsa mafuta obwezeretsa nyama ndi mbalame, iwo anali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo m'matayalasiyamu, odwala matenda a chiwindi, matenda a chiwindi. Ma thioglycosides a mafuta angapangitse kuti asamveke bwino kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono kamene kamayambitsa matenda a m'mimba, kupuma, kapenanso kusokonezeka kwa khungu la chithokomiro. Kuwonjezera apo, thioglycosides amachititsa zida zowonongeka.