Azaleas ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri. Mitundu yawo yambiri yamaluwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha maluwa simungathe ngakhale kuona masamba. Choncho, kupita ku sitolo ya maluwa mokoma mtima, ndi kovuta kwambiri kukana kugula. Ndi azaleas yemweyo nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa kutseka anthu mmalo mwa maluwa "akufa". Ndipotu, azaleas ndi imodzi mwa zomera zokongola kwambiri m'nyumba. Poyamba, akatswiri amaletsa olima amaluwa kuti asagule maluwa awa. Iwo adachenjeza kuti adzafabe, kuti sangathe kuwakulira kunyumba. Koma tsopano okonda amalima a maluwa adaphunzira kuti azikula muzochitika za mkati, koma ngakhale kuti azichulukitsa. Ndiyeno pali mafunso angapo. Ndipo momwe mungasunge chozizwitsa ichi, ichi chirimwe cha chilimwe? Nanga ntchito ya azaleas ndi iti?
Ndizodabwitsa bwanji!
Azaleas ndi zitsamba zokongoletsera ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi maluwa okongola. Maluwa onse amamasula kwa masiku 20-30, ndipo zomera zimapanga mpaka 80. Choncho, azalea maluwa nthawi zambiri pafupifupi masiku 60. Gulani chomera chomwe chiri ndi masamba ambiri osadziwika - ndiye chidzasintha kwambiri. Ndipo ngati chomeracho chimabwera ndi maluwa atsopano omwe akuphuka, iwo adzafota mofulumira popanda kusamalidwa bwino, ndipo chomera chidzatha msanga. Monga chomera chophika, mitundu iwiri ikufalitsidwa: Indian azalea (Rhododendron Simsa) ndi Japanese azalea (rhododendron obtuse), yomwe imapezeka kawirikawiri. Indian azalea akhoza kusiyanitsidwa ndi pubescence pamunsi mwa tsamba ndi maluwa akuluakulu.
Ubwino wa azalea.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa azaleas ndikowonekera. Kukongola kwake kosasangalatsa kumadzetsa maganizo, kuchepetsa nthenda ndi matenda. Zikudziwikanso kuti anthu omwe amakula azaleas sangavutike kwambiri chifukwa cha kuvutika kwa nyengo yozizira. Ndipo iyi si ngozi! Ndi nthawi ino kuti azaleas "aphuphuke" ndi masamba owoneka bwino, odzaza malo okhala ndi kukongola. Mosakayikira, zipinda zapakhomo zimathandiza kutsuka chipinda ndikudzaza mlengalenga. Osati chosiyana ndi maluwa azaleas.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira kunyumba.
Azalea ndi chikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi. Kuti imatha nthawi yaitali mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa, imayenera kuthiriridwa pamwamba, osati pamphuno, komanso yochulukirapo kuti dothi silinali lofewa, koma nthawi zonse limadziwetsa. Madzi ochulukirapo kuchokera ku thirasi yowonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa, mwinamwake mizu idzavunda. Madzi 1-2 pa mwezi acidified ndi mandimu, ascorbic kapena oxalic asidi pa mlingo wa 0.3-0.4 g wa asidi pa madzi okwanira 1 litre, koma nthaka isanayambe yothirira ndi njirayi yisanayambe yothira. Sitingathe kuzimitsa madzi nthawi zambiri, mwinamwake gawo lapansi lidzasunthira nthawi, ndipo nsonga za masamba a azaleas zidzasanduka reddish-violet. Azaleas amathiridwa ndi madzi ozizira kapena madzi a chipale chofewa kapena matepi oima. Nthawi zambiri zomera zimatulutsidwa, koma nthawi ya maluwa sizingatheke kutsuka, chifukwa madzi amathira pamaluwa, koma masambawo amavunda. Ndi bwino kuika mbale pafupi ndi madzi kapena kuika maluwa m'mitsuko yowonongeka mu mphika waukulu.
Pafupi ndi maluwa pali zochepa. Amachotsedwa kuti masambawo asawonongeke. Maluwa owopsya amathyoledwa pamodzi ndi pedicels. Ali ndi azaleas mu nyengo yoziziritsa - amakhala omasuka kwambiri kutentha kwa + madigiri 10-15. Malo amalowa, koma m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe ayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha masamba okhwima ndi akugwa sali okwanira kuthirira. Mungathe kumiza mphika ndi azalea - kangapo pa sabata - mu chidebe cha madzi kufikira mutadzaza. Zifukwa zina zingakhale kutentha kwa mpweya, kutsika kochepa komanso dzuwa lowala kwambiri. Masamba akhoza kutembenukira chikasu ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito madzi ouma kuti mudiridwe kapena chomera chomera mu nthaka.
Kusamala pambuyo pa maluwa.
Pambuyo pa maluwa, amaikamo miphika yambiri, koma miphika yosalala, kuyesera kuti asapse dziko lapansi. Young zomera ndi kuziika pachaka, ambiri achikulire - mu 2-3 zaka. Tengani kudulira, kuchotsa mphukira zofooka, zonenepa ndi kumangiriza nsonga za mphukira zazing'ono, zokopa nthambi zawo. Akuwombera ndi 3-4 anayamba masamba ndi anayika 2-3 nthawi mpaka June, pamene mapangidwe maluwa a chaka chotsatira akuyamba. Dyetsani azalea 2-3 nthawi pamwezi mutatha maluwa ndipo mpaka August, pogwiritsa ntchito apadera feteleza kwa azaleas. Ndipo mu nthawi ya budding sipadzakhala superfluous pamwamba kuvala ndi superphosphate (15g pa 10 malita a madzi). Pali njira ziwiri zowonjezera azaleas pambuyo maluwa: ozizira ndi ofunda.
Zomwe zimakhudza ozizira.
M'nyengo yozizira, azaleas amasungidwa kutentha kwa +5 - + madigiri 6, ndipo tsikulo likawonjezeka, pa +12 - + digridi. M'chilimwe, azaleas amatengedwera ku khonde, pritenyayut, ateteze ku ma drafts, musalole kuti kuyanika kwa dothi lapansi, sprayed ndi madzi, korona ukhale wozungulira. M'nyengo yophukira, ikayamba kuzizira, zomera zimabweretsedwa mu chipinda chowala ndipo zimagwira kutentha kwa +10 - +15 digiri kwa milungu 4-6. Pokhapokha mutha kukweza kutentha kwa madigiri a +18 - +20. Mitengo yoyambirira idzayamba pachimake patatha masabata asanu ndi limodzi. Ngati mitundu yochedwa idzaphuka pamaso pa January 1, ndiye kuti idzakhala ndi maluwa osasinthika.
N'zosavuta kukula m'chikondi.
Koma zimakhala zovuta kuti tikhalebe ndi boma muzipinda zathu, choncho njira yowonjezeretsa kusunga azalea imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, azaleas akuwonekera ku dzuwa, pomwe pritenyayut ya dzuwa (makamaka mphika), ndipo amakhala pamenepo mpaka maluwa. Chomera m'mawa ndi wambiri madzi ndipo amawaza nthawi zonse. Mu May, yambani kudula nthambi, yomwe ili kumbali yomwe ili moyang'anizana ndi mkati mwa chipindacho, kusiya omwe amapereka korona imodzi, kuyika zofooka ndikuphuka. Mphukira yaing'ono imasweka, kusiya masamba 4-5 pa iwo. Pamene kuli kovuta kwambiri chitsamba, chofooka maluwa - kumbukirani izi.
Mu June, maluwa amapangidwa omwe amawoneka pamapeto a mphukira. Kukula kwa zomera kumayima, ndipo mphukira zatsopano zomwe zikuwonekera pa nthawi ino zimadulidwa. Chimakhala chitsamba chamagulu, chifukwa chilimbikitseni kuti musasinthe zomera, musasinthe malo ake, chifukwa maluwa amaikidwa pambali pazomera zomwe zimawunikira nthawi zonse. Mitengo yamaluwa imatha kusunthira ndikupita ku malo ena. Komabe, mbeuyo itatha, imayenera kubwezeretsedwa pamalo pomwe idakula, pamene idapangidwa.
Kubalana ndi cuttings.
Kufalitsa kwa azalea mothandizidwa ndi cuttings. Cuttings wa chomera amadulidwa pokhapokha maluwa. Koma kumbukirani, kutulutsa mafuta sizothandiza kwa izi. Zidutswa zimadulidwa kutalika kwa 5-6 masentimita. Musanadzalemo, kuti mukhale ndi rooting yabwino, amasungidwa ndi yankho la succinic acid (100 mg / l madzi) kapena heteroauxin (100 mg / l) kwa maola 24.
Musanabzala, mphika wa azalea umadzazidwa ndi gawo (chotsakaniza chapadera cha azaleas kapena peat yochepa). Ndiye, musanayambe kusakaniza dziko lapansi kusakaniza, "kuchokera pamtima" madzi. Cuttings obzalidwa kuti akuya 2-3 masentimita, yokutidwa ndi polyethylene thumba pamwamba, amene alizikika kuzungulira mphika. Ikani miphika ndi cuttings kumadzulo kapena zenera lakumwera. Ndipo musaiwale kuti muwawamwe madzi nthawi zonse ndikuwapopera. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kunyumba. Miphika ndi cuttings maulendo angapo pamlungu ayenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira mosalephera. Pakuti izi ndi zokwanira kuchotsa thumba la cellophane ku mphika wa maluwa kwa kanthawi kochepa. Ngati chirichonse chikuchitidwa molondola, tiyenera kuyembekezera mizu ya cuttings mkati mwa miyezi 1-1.5 pamtunda wotentha wa madigiri 20-25. Mizu ya cuttings mlungu umodzi musanafike pakuika mu malo okhalamo "chizoloŵezi" cha mpweya wouma wa nyumba zathu. Choyamba, thumba la cellophane latsegulidwa kwa maola awiri, ndipo patatha masewera ochepa, kuuma kumachotsedwa kwathunthu. Zidutswa zowonjezereka komanso zowongoka zimaikidwa ku malo osatha ndipo amawonetseranso filimuyi kwa milungu iwiri, kuti zikhale bwino.
Azalea osiyanasiyana.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya azaleas. Nthawi zina amasiyana mosiyana ndi wina yemwe alimi wosadziwa zambiri samakhulupirira kuti zomerazi ndizo mitundu yofanana. Olemekezeka kwambiri kuti azaleas ali ku Japan, kumene kulima kwawo kumaonedwa kuti ndi luso. Nazi mitundu ina yomwe imapezeka pakati pathu.
- Erica Sander. Izi ndi zosiyanasiyana zoyambirira. Chomera chikukula, masamba ndi mdima wobiriwira, pubescent. Maluwa kuyambira November mpaka March. Maluwa otseguka ali ngati maluwa okongola a pinki a mahogany wandiweyani.
- Erie. Zosiyanasiyana zoyambirira. Chomeracho ndi chosasunthika, chapamwamba, tsamba ndi lobiriwira, lamasamba, maluwa ndi pinki, ndi mawanga.
- Chipale chofewa. Zosiyanasiyana zoyambirira-zoyambirira. Chomeracho ndi chochepa, chimamasula kuchokera ku February mpaka April woyera maluwa, 3-5 zidutswa pamapeto a mphukira.
M'zinthu za chipinda, mitundu yotsatira ikukula bwino: mitundu yoyambirira (pachimake mu October-December) - Helmut Vogel ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira (safuna kutentha kutsika maluwa asanafike); Ambrosian - wofiira, Paul Sheme - ndi maluwa okongola a pinamu ndi ena; pakati-mochedwa - Pearl Pink Pinki, wofiira njerwa Elsa Kerger ndi ena.
Zimakhala zovuta kukana kukula ndi zothandiza azaleas kunyumba. Mwinamwake, poyamba, sikuti zonse zidzachitika. Koma ngati mumasonyeza kupirira ndi kuleza mtima, nyumba yanu idzakhala munda wokongola wa paradaiso.