Makolo ambiri amaganizira mozama za momwe angasinthire zakudya za mwana pambuyo pa chaka, ndipo nthawi zonse samadziwa zomwe mungamudyetse mwanayo, komanso zomwe sizili zoyenera. Thupi lokula likusowa chakudya chokwanira mu zakudya, mavitamini ndi mchere. Koma kodi zonse zopangira zakudya za ana? Tiyeni tiyesere kumvetsa funso ili.
Malingana ndi madokotala a ana, chakudya cha mwana pambuyo pa chaka chikuyandikira chakudya cha wamkulu. Pofika m'badwo uwu, mwanayo amatha kuwonjezereka kwambiri, makina opangira utoto amapangidwa, ndipo ayenera kuthana ndi chakudya chilichonse. Patatha chaka mwana amatha kudya nyama, masewera, mazira, phala, tchizi, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso, ndi zakudya zopangidwa ndi ufa. Ndikofunika kwambiri kupereka mwanayo ndi mapuloteni okwanira. Choncho, mkaka, mkaka, nyama ndi mazira ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mwana tsiku lililonse. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kuphatikizapo ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, tirigu ndi mbale zina zopangidwa ndi tirigu.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mphamvu ya mwanayo ikufunika pa msinkhu uwu ndi wokwanira. Chakudya cha mwanayo chiyenera kukhala ndi 4 g wa mapuloteni, 4 g mafuta ndi 16 g wa chakudya m'tsiku lililonse pa kilogalamu ya thupi. 70 peresenti ya mapuloteni tsiku ndi tsiku ayenera kubwera kuchokera ku mapuloteni a nyama, ndipo mafuta a masamba ayenera kukhala osachepera 13 peresenti ya ndalama za tsiku ndi tsiku. Zakudya zamakono za mwana wa zaka zapakati pa 1 mpaka 3 ziyenera kukhala 1540 kcal patsiku, zomwe ziri theka la chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha munthu wamkulu.
Phindu lalikulu kwa mwanayo lidzabweretsa mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa womwe umakhala ndi mapuloteni a thupi, mafuta, mchere ndi mavitamini. Zakudya zamkaka zamakina zili ndi mabakiteriya a lactic acid, omwe amaonetsetsa kuti zakudya zakuthambo zimapindula, zimathandiza kwambiri m'mimba ya microflora, kuonjezera kukana matenda. Mkaka, yogurts ndi kefir kwa mwana akhoza kuperekedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kirimu wowawasa, tchizi, kirimu ndi tchizi - tsiku lililonse kuti tisiyanitse zakudya. Makolo ayenera kumvetsera za mafuta a mkaka. Zakudya zoperekedwa kwa anthu akulu sizoyenera kudyetsa mwanayo. Mkaka ndi yogurts ayenera kukhala ndi mafuta oposa 3%, kefir - kuchokera ku 2.5%, kirimu wowawasa ndi zowonjezera akhoza kukhala ndi mafuta oposa 10%. Koma yogurt ayenera kukhala mkaka (osati wobiriwira), ali ndi chakudya chochepa kwambiri, ndipo amapereka sikuti akuyenera kupitirira 100 ml patsiku.
Zakudya zonse, mwana ayenera kudya 550-600 ml mkaka ndi mkaka tsiku lililonse. Mu chakudya cha mwana, mpaka 200 ml ya kefir yapadera yomwe analangizidwa kwa ana akhoza kukhala nawo tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati mwanayo akupezeka kuti sakugwirizana ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe, ndiye kuti mukhoza kupitiriza kumupatsa mkaka mafomu kwa ana kuyambira miyezi 6 mpaka 12 (samaphatikizapo whey, mkaka wokha). Tchizi cha kanyumba ndi gwero lamtengo wapatali wa puloteni ndi calcium, imaperekedwa kwa mwana mpaka 50 magalamu patsiku. Mukhoza kugula ana aang'ono popanda kudzaza ndi kuwonjezera mbatata zanu zomwe mumazikonda. Zakudya zonona zonona ndi zonona zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka podzaza mbale zina. Tsiku lililonse 1-2 mwana angaperekedwe tchizi (pafupifupi 5 magalamu).
Zothandiza kwambiri popatsa mwana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phala (oatmeal, buckwheat, chimanga, semolina). Zikhoza kuphikidwa pa mkaka kapena madzi ndi kuwonjezera kwa pang'ono mafuta. Mu phala mukhoza kuwonjezera zipatso puree. Buckwheat ikhoza kudyedwa ndi ndiwo zamasamba, imathandizanso ngati mbale yabwino kumbali ya nyama.
Mazira ayenela kupezeka mu zakudya mosamala: mwanayo angasonyeze zovuta zowononga kapena kuphulika kwa mitsempha ya ndulu. Koma ngati palibe mavuto otere, ndiye kuti chakudya cha mwana chikhoza kukhala chosiyana ndi nkhuku kapena zinyalala mazira (osaposa limodzi pa tsiku). Poyamba ndi bwino kuchepetsa kokha yolk wovuta kwambiri wothira masamba a puree, ndipo patatha zaka chimodzi ndi theka mukhoza kuwonjezera dzira ku mbale zosiyanasiyana.
Mwana wamwamuna wa chaka chimodzi amatha kudya nyama ndipo ayenera kulandira mokwanira. Koma ndibwino bwanji kuti muyambe kuyambitsa nyama mu chakudya cha mwana? Pambuyo pake, simungamupatse soseji kapena yokazinga nkhumba ndi mbatata, koma nyama yatsopanoyi imakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri. Zakudya zokoma ndi zathanzi za nyama zochokera ku nyama zina zimathandiza kuti zakudya zikhale zosiyana siyana: cutlets, stechets, meatballs, mafuta a nkhumba, nkhumba, nkhuku, turkey, kalulu. Iwo ndi abwino kudyetsa mwanayo, chifukwa ndi kosavuta kuwatchya. Mungapereke ngakhale masoseji, omwe akulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa ana. Koma mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zofanana ndizoletsedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi zopangira. Kuchokera ku nyama ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mukhoza kukonzekera msuzi osiyanasiyana, purees, apa makolo ali ndi malo ambiri oganiza. Zakudya zingakhale zokongoletsedwa bwino ndi kujambula mafano osangalatsa kuchokera ku ndiwo zamasamba, ndikupatsanso chakudya chokhazikika.
Posankha momwe angasinthire zakudya za mwana pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi, makolo ambiri amaganiza kuti chirichonse chimene chimapatsa thanzi labwino ndi labwino la munthu wachikulire chotsogolera moyo wokhutira ndi chabwino kwa mwana. Ngati palibe chifuwa, mwana akhoza kupatsidwa ngakhale nsomba zosakhala zonenepa. Chakudya choyenera chachitini kuchokera ku pollock, cod, haddock, hake, ndi kupha nsomba. Mwana wamwamuna wa chaka chimodzi akhoza kudya nsomba kamodzi pa sabata pa 30-40 magalamu pa nthawi.
Mu zakudya za mwanayo ayenera kukhalapo masamba ndi zipatso zabwino. Chokhachokha ndi chizoloŵezi cha kufooka. Ngati vutoli likuchitika, ndiye kuti muyenera kupewa masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso zofiira kapena lalanje (strawberries, malalanje, tomato) ndipo samverani zipatso zazomwe zimakhala zobiriwira, mwachitsanzo, maapulo, mapeyala. Kuchokera ku ndiwo zamasamba mu zakudya za mwanayo akhoza kuwonjezera kaloti, kolifulawa, broccoli, zukini. Mbatata yosakaniza masamba ndi saladi makamaka amakhala wodzazidwa ndi mafuta a masamba (6 g pa tsiku). Mukhoza kuwonjezera pa zakudya ndi batala muyeso wa magalamu 17 patsiku.
Mungayambe kuphunzitsa mwana kuti adye chakudya ndi mkate - rye kapena tirigu kuchokera ku chakudya chakuda. Musapereke mwana wanu chokoleti, soda, maswiti. Maswiti, iye akadali nayo nthawi yoti ayesere, pamene iye akukula. Koma palibe cholakwika ndi khanda lokonda mwana. N'kovomerezeka kupereka mwana 1-2 magawo a makeke kuti adye chakudya.