Ku South ndi Central America, pali mitundu pafupifupi 170 ya mtundu wa Ehmeya, womwe uli wa banja la bromeliads. Dzina la ehmey limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek aechme, lomwe potanthauzira limatanthauza "nsonga ya nsonga", zomwe mwachiwonekere zimasonyeza bracts lakuthwa. Ekhmeya imakula m'madera ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso nyengo yowuma.
Ehmeya ndi zomera zam'mlengalenga komanso epiphytes, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kumera. Masamba a mtundu uwu ali ndi mitsempha pamphepete - mtundu uwu umasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya bromeliads.
Masamba a ehmey ali osiyana siyana kapena osakanizidwa, ofewetsa zikopa kapena zolimba, zowonongeka pamphepete mwazitsulo, muzitsulo zotchulidwa. Kuchokera ku rosette, maluwa okongola amachotsedwa, omwe ali ndi mutu wopambana wa inflorescence pamapeto pake. Chomeracho chili ndi tsinde lalifupi. Chomeracho chili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya inflorescences, komanso maluwa. Mitundu yonse ya ehmey ili ndi zokongoletsera - zowala, zobiriwira za bracts ndi masamba. Chipatso cha ehmeya ndi mabulosi. Maluwa am'maluwa amodzi kamodzi, kotero maluwa atayamba kufa.
Oimira ena a mtundu uwu ndi zokongoletsera zomera zabwino zomwe zakhala zikudziwika kwambiri pachikhalidwe. Kutchuka kunasewedwa ndi mfundo yakuti n'zosavuta kusamalira ma ehmeys, omwe sitinganene za bromeliads ambiri.
Mbali za chisamaliro.
Kuunikira. Ehmeyam amafunikira kuwala kosavuta, kusinthasintha dzuwa, koma penumbra imatha kukula bwino. Malo abwino kwambiri kukula ndi mawindo akuyang'ana kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo. Pa mawindo oyang'ana kum'mwera, m'nyengo yachilimwe amafunika kuti pang'onopang'ono aziwombera dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira, nyumba yokhala ndi ehmeya ndi yabwino kuti ikhalebe m'nyumba, koma kuti ikwaniritsidwe ndi khonde, pamene chomeracho chiyenera kulowera pang'ono. Komanso, pokhapokha ngati mankhwalawa atangotengedwa, nthawi yayitali inali penumbra kapena masiku ochepa a nyengo yamvula.
Ehmya yowala ndi mitundu yomwe imayenera kuzimitsidwa kuchokera ku dzuwa.
Mitundu ya masamba omwe ali ndi chikopa, makamaka m'mphepete mwa ehmeya, yomwe imakhala ndi mthunzi wa mpweya ndi mthunzi, mtundu wa masamba umayamba kusintha. Zimakhala zobiriwira komanso zosakongoletsera. Mmera ehmeya amakonda kukhala ndi kuwala kochepa komanso kochepa.
Kutentha kwa boma. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, kutentha kwa zomwe zilipo ndi madigiri 20-27. M'nyengo yozizira tikulimbikitsidwa kusunga pa madigiri 14-18. Kutentha kotentha m'nyengo yozizira kumapanga mapangidwe a peduncles. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi nthawi yopumula - mwina panthawi yaifupi kapena palibe.
Ehmya yodabwitsa, mosiyana ndi ena oimira a mtundu womwewo, ayenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Kusiyana kwa usana ndi usiku kutentha kwa mpweya kutentha kwa ehmeya. Chipinda chomwe eshma ikukula chiyenera kukhala mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse. Ehmya yotulutsa mpweya kuti ukhale ndi mpweya umakhala wolimba.
Kuthirira. Kuthirira m'nyengo yozizira kumafunika nthawi zonse, madzi ofunda, makamaka operewera. Choyamba, madzi amathiridwa mu rosettes ya masamba, ndiye gawo lokha limathiriridwa. Kuwongolera mwangozi kwa gawo lapansi sikumayambitsa choyipa choyipa kwa chomera, kuyanika koyipitsa kwa nthawi yaitali kwa dziko lapansi.
M'nyengo yophukira, nyumbayi iyenera kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri, komanso m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo nthawi zonse muyenera kuchepetsa, nthawi zina muyenera kuthira mbewuyo ndi madzi ofunda, koma phokoso liyenera kukhala louma nthawi yomweyo. Musanayambe nthawi yopuma kuchokera kumalo otsekemera ayenera kuthiridwa madzi. Madzi amasonkhananso pambuyo pa maluwa, sipangakhale madzi pamtunda, mwinamwake chomera chiyamba kuvunda!
Kutentha kwa mpweya. Ehmeys amamva bwino pa chinyezi chapamwamba, koma amatha kunyamula mpweya wouma m'chipinda. Kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi cha mlengalenga, mukhoza kupopera mbewuyo ndiimirira madzi, kapena mukhoza kuika mphika wa echmea pa thireyi yomwe ili ndi miyala yowirira. Madzi mu poto akhoza kufika pamunsi mwa mphika.
Kupaka pamwamba. Dyetsani chomera milungu iwiri iliyonse ndi madzi ovuta feteleza. M'nyengo yozizira, feteleza imachitika milungu isanu ndi umodzi.
Maluwa. Aliyense amadziwa kuti zipatso za citrus ndi maapulo opsa amatulutsa mpweya wa ethylene, umene umalimbikitsa bromeliads kuti apange maluwa. Choncho, m'pofunika kuyika mu thumba la pulasitiki loyera la ehmeyu ndi maapulo angapo opsa, ndikumangiriza pamwamba (osati molimba kwambiri) kotero gwiritsani chomera kwa masabata awiri. Pambuyo pa "ndondomeko" imeneyi, ejmeya idzaphuka pambuyo pa miyezi inayi.
Kusindikiza. Mukhoza kukopera ehmeyu chaka chilichonse. Pakuika, chotsani mabokera opanga. Chitsulo choyenera chothandizira: Frosi-peat ndi nthaka yovuta (yotengedwa mu magawo awiri), mchenga (gawo limodzi linatengedwa). Kwa ehmeya bwino humus earth (kompositi), yosakaniza ndi nthaka yosakanika ndi odulidwa moss (zomwe zimatengedwa mofanana), ndi kuwonjezera pa nsomba za shads ndi mchenga ndizoyenera.
Kubalana. Njoka ndi chomera chomwe chimabala mbewu ndi mbewu. Njira yobvomerezeka yobereka ndi kubereka kwa ana.
Scions ya chomera cha mayi amagawidwa mu March, chifukwa panthawiyi anawo amapanga mizu mosavuta ndipo ali ndi masamba okwanira. Malo a magawo, monga lamulo, amawaza ndi makala amtengo, izi zidzateteza kuola kwa mbewu. Chomera choyenera choyenera kubereka ndi ana: fiber-peat ndi nthaka yovuta (magawo awiri aliwonse), mchenga (gawo limodzi). Mutha kugwiritsiranso ntchito kamodzi kokha ka humus, chodulidwa sphagnum, dziko lapansi la masamba. Muzolembedwa izi, muyenera kuwonjezera pang'ono zouma shards ndi mchenga.
Mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa pa peaty lotayirira nthaka, kapena mu sphagnum. Mbande zimafuna kutentha kwakukulu kwa pafupi madigiri 22-25, pokhala ndi mkulu wa chinyezi, potetezera ku dzuwa, pakamwa madzi okwanira. Patatha miyezi itatu mbande zimapereka mbande zomwe zimapangidwira kudziko lapansi zosakanizidwa zogwirizana ndi malo omwe amapezeka pamtunda. Pambuyo pa izi, nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse mukhale ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 20, koma osati pansipa, kutsitsi ndi madzi. Pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi, chomeracho chimalowetsedwa mu nthaka kuti zikhale zitsanzo za anthu akuluakulu.
Kusamala.
Masamba a ehmey omwe ali ndi mizere ndi owopsa kwambiri, choncho kutupa kwa khungu n'kotheka.
Mavuto amene angakumane nawo.
Brown masamba. Chifukwa chake chingakhale kutentha kutentha kwa zomwe zili, kuvunda kwa chomera.
Mtundu uwu wa nsabwe za m'masamba, mizu yothamanga, zikopa zimakhudzidwa.