Kalendala yoletsedwa.
Kalendala ya midwifera yomwe imayambitsa nthawi yogonana imayamba tsiku loyamba lakumapeto. Mwachidziwikire, fetereza ya dzira panthawiyi siingakhoze kuchitika, pamene ikuyamba kuphuka. Manyowa a dzira amapezeka panthawi ya ovulation (kutuluka kwa ovum kuchokera m'mimba mwake), pafupifupi masabata awiri kutha kwa kusamba (muzimayi ambiri amayamba kusamba, ndipo akhoza kukhala ochepa kapena oposa). Pa nthawi ya ovulation, mimba imatuluka-feteleza ya selo ndi umuna wa umuna. Choncho, nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba nthawi zambiri imayamba masabata awiri mtsogolo kusiyana ndi nthawi yomwe mayi wodwala matenda odwala matenda opaleshoni amayamba.
Kalendala ya mimba ya mzamba imagawidwa mu masabata, miyezi ndi trimester. Mu sabata la masiku 7, mwezi wa masabata 4, kapena masiku 28. Mimba imatenga masabata makumi anai, izi ndi miyezi 10 yokha. Nthawi yonse ya mimba imagawidwa mu trimesters: yoyamba - kuyambira masabata 0 mpaka 12; yachiwiri - kuyambira masabata 13 mpaka 24, lachitatu - kuyambira masabata 25 mpaka 40. Mayi atatu aliwonse amadziwika ndi makhalidwe ake.
- Mwezi woyamba wa mimba (kuyambira masabata 0 mpaka 12).
Choyamba cha trimester chikudziwika ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni a mzimayi. Thupi la mayiyo limayamba kukonzekera kutenga mimba ndi kutetezedwa, progesterone wambiri, mahomoni achikazi, amayamba kumasulidwa. Hormone imathandiza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mitsempha (zofewa zofewa) za chiberekero kuteteza mwana. Ndipo popeza matenda ofewa amapezeka m'ziwalo zina, kukanika kwa mitsempha ya minofu imapezeka mwa iwo. Kawirikawiri, ntchito ya m'mimba imakhala yowawa kwambiri, thupi limakhala loipa kwambiri, chakudya chimachedwa m'thupi. Izi zimayambitsa kunyoza, kusanza, kutentha kwa mtima komanso kudzimbidwa. Komanso, maonekedwe a zovuta zoterezi zimatha kupangidwa ndi mphamvu yowonjezera ya vagus nerve. Amachoka ku ubongo komanso amaletsa ntchito ya m'mimba. Zizindikiro zonse zosasangalatsa zomwe zimapezeka pa nthawiyi zimatchedwa early toxicosis.
Mu trimester iyi yoyamba, placenta imayamba kupanga. Mphakayi imateteza mayiyo kuchokera ku fetal metabolism. Kawirikawiri, atangomangika, amayamba kutulutsa poizoni.
Mu trimester yoyamba, mayi amafunika kulembetsa ndi dokotala wodziletsa matenda okhudza matenda a mitsempha. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupeza ectopic mimba ndi kukhalapo kwa matenda omwe angathe kuchiritsidwa (matenda opatsirana, mahomoni ndi ena).
- Kachiwiri katatu ka mimba (kuyambira masabata 13 mpaka 24).
Mu trimester iyi, kufufuza kwakukulu kumayenderana ndi chitukuko ndi thanzi la mwanayo. An ultrasound (ultrasound) imachitidwa, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti mwanayo ali ndi chikhalidwe (kukula kwake ndi kutalika kwake). Amasonyezanso momwe amniotic madzi amachitira, chiberekero cha fetal ndi kamvekedwe ka chiberekero. Kufufuza kwa mahomoni kumachitika. Mu trimester iyi, n'zotheka kuzindikira matenda obadwa ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asokonezeke (monga matenda a Down), komanso zoipa zina.
Mavuto mu trimester iyi akhoza kugwirizana ndi kusowa kwa oxygen (fetal hypoxia), kawirikawiri mwana ayamba kuyankhapo. Chikhalidwe cha kayendetsedwe kake kamasintha, kuchuluka kwa zipsinjo za mtima, hiccups zimawonekera. N'zotheka kuti zichitike chifukwa cha kusowa kwa magazi m'thupi, kutaya mwazi komanso kutha kwa amayi.
Pozindikira hypoxia, chifukwa cha kafukufuku, chithandizo chapadera chimaperekedwa, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kupuma ma gymnastics. Mankhwalawa ndi ofunikira makamaka m'chigawo chachiwiri, pamene ubongo umakula mwamphamvu.
Mu trimester iyi, mapangidwe a placenta amatha, kuopsa koyambitsa toxicosis, ndipo palibe kupuma ndi kupuma kwa mphindi zitatu. Mkaziyo amayamba kumva bwino. Amakhala ndi nthawi yambiri payekha, ndipo amawoneka bwino kuposa asanakhale ndi pakati.
The trimester yachiwiri ndiyo nthawi yabwino kwambiri yoyamba kupita ku maphunziro a makolo achinyamata. Pa ntchito zoterozo, abambo a mwanayo angakhalepo, omwe panthawi yoyamba kubadwa adzatha kuthandiza mimba: nthawi yathu, kukhalapo kwa abambo a mwana kumakhala kobwerezabwereza nthawi yobereka. Mu trimester iyi, ndiyenera kupereka chidwi chapadera ku chisankho cha nyumba ya amayi oyembekezera.
- Mtatu wachitatu wa mimba (kuyambira masabata 25 mpaka 40).
Kuyambira kwa trimester yachitatu kuli bata, koma pamene mwana akukula, katundu pa ziwalo amakula. Kupanikizika pa diaphragm ndi mtima kumawonjezereka, kupuma pang'ono kumayamba. Amayi ambiri amatha kusokonezeka ndi kudzimbidwa, kupweteka kwa mtima, kutaya magazi komanso kukodza mobwerezabwereza. Kuwonjezera katunduyo kumbuyo kumbuyo ndi miyendo. Pakhoza kukhala mitsempha ya varicose, ululu m'munsi kumbuyo.
Mu 3 trimester, mkazi ayenera kumvetsera mwatcheru ku zakudya zoyenera, ndi kusamala kayendedwe ka masewero olimbitsa thupi ndi kupuma bwino. Ndikofunika kutsatira ndondomekoyi ndikusankha bwino kugona. Ngati mutatsatira malamulowa, mungapewe kuda nkhawa ndi kupweteka.
Ngati pali zizindikiro za kubereka, muyenera kutsika kuchipatala.