Feteleza kwa zomera zamkati, zomera

Zimakhala zovuta kulingalira nyumba yathu kapena nyumba yaumwini popanda zolengedwa zamoyo zobiriwira, zokhala bwino m'miphika kwinakwake pawindo. Wina amakula maluwa, amasangalala maonekedwe awo ndi fungo. Winawake amakopeka ndi zipinda za nyumba chifukwa cha masamba obiriwira-okongola okongola a maonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake. Zomwe anakonda a m'nyumba zomera mwaluso osakaniza maluwa ndi osakhala maluwa mitundu, kulenga zodabwitsa kukongola mini-greenhouses. Maluwa ndi zomera zamaluwa zimabweretsa chisokonezo ndi kutentha kwa maofesi ku maofesi, masitolo, masitolo ogulitsa. Maluwa ndi zomera zapanyumba zimatipulumutsa ife kuchokera ku ziwonongeko, kuphunzitsa mwa umunthu kukoma mtima ndi udindo. Tingachite chiyani popanda iwo?

Komabe, kubzala mu miphika kukondweretsedwa ndi maluwa ambiri komanso kowala, amafunika kuthandizira izi. Kuti maluwa amkati akule miphika, imodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko chitukuko ndi kulandira zakudya. Choncho, feteleza kwa maluwa amkati, zomera ziyenera kubweretsedwa nthawi komanso muyeso. Popanda iwo chomeracho sichitha pachimake, masamba ndi zimayambira zidzatha, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowawa ndikukula bwino. Pofuna kupewa izi, njira yothetsera feteleza mchere iyenera kukhala chinthu chozoloŵera.

Zovala zapamwamba zosadalirika

Manyowa onse a zomera zamkati amagawidwa mu mitundu yambiri yambiri: mchere, organic, pamodzi ndi mabakiteriya. Gulu lopaka zovala limayimilidwa makamaka ndi mankhwala okonzeka, kuphatikizapo nitrogen, phosphorous, potaziyamu, boron ndi ena ambiri. Koma zosavuta n'zakuti zimakhudza salinity ndi acidity m'nthaka. Komanso sungapereke zakudya zonse zovuta ku mbeu. Manyowa opangidwa ndi feteleza akuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito zofunikira zinyama ndi zomera. Mwachidule, ndi sapropel, manyowa, peat, zitosi za mbalame, kompositi ndi ena. Chokhachokhacho ndi chifukwa cha fungo losasangalatsa lomwe liri lovuta kugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba. Kufikira pazifukwazi kungakhale kokha kofiira kapena ufa. Mabakiteriya feteleza amaonedwa kuti ndi ochezeka, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'madera akuluakulu. Ndipo panyumba, ntchito zawo ndizovuta kwambiri.

Chofunikanso ndi mtundu wotani, wolimba kapena wamadzi, feteleza amadziwitsidwa kwa maluwa ndi zomera. Olima ambiri amakonda feteleza zamadzimadzi , chifukwa ndizosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Zokwanira kuwonjezera madzi, kusakaniza ndikutsanulira madziwo ndi osakaniza. Kuwonjezera pa njirayi ndikuti chomeracho chimalandira mwamsanga zinthu zofunikira ndikuzigwiritsanso nthawi yomweyo. Pang'ono ndi nthawi yochepa yowonetsera. Ndi feteleza zolimba zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, koma phindu ndi lalikulu. Ngakhale kuti amafukula kwa nthawi yayitali, feteleza yotsatira imayenera kuchitika patatha masabata asanu ndi atatu. Popanda kutchula kuti n'zovuta kuwononga chomeracho.

Koma osati zonse zamaluwa maluwa, feteleza zomera ndi zofanana. Kwa ena, mawonekedwe apadera amafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, azalea imakula mu nthaka yowonongeka, kotero kuti kudyetsa kumafunika kukhala ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi zofunikira zomwe zimafunikira. Ndipo chomera ngati epiphytic bromelia ndi choyenera kokha kwa feteleza wamadzi, omwe alibe salt - kuti asamapezeke pores. Chifukwa imatenga zakudya ndi madzi kudzera m'masamba. Kawirikawiri, musanayambe kudyetsa chomera, funsani: motsimikiza kuti feteleza idzamuthandiza.

Lamulo lina mu ndondomeko iyi sikuti lidapitirire. Nthawi zonse zimakhala bwino kupambana kuposa kusokoneza. Kuwonjezeka kwa zakudya zowonjezera kumathandiza kuti mbewuyo ikhale ndi mawanga, kutaya masamba kapena kufota. Mu mau, ndi kuvala pamwamba muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri. Aphunzitseni kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira - panthawi ya kukula ndi kukula kwa ziweto, muyeso woyenera komanso ndi nthawi yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa.

Kuperewera kwa tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwake, kungayambitse mavuto aakulu, chifukwa zilizonse zimapangitsa kusintha kwa mbeu. Zakudya zazikuluzikulu zamtundu umodzi sizingathe kubwezera chosowa china. Ndipo ngakhale mosiyana, yesetsani kuchita zoipa. Zoipiraipira, ngati chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chigawo chimodzi, chimzake sichinatengeke. Ndipo kufotokozera molondola za kusowa kwa izi kapena gawolo ndi kovuta. Choyamba, chifukwa kuchepa kwa ena ali ndi zizindikiro zomwezo. Choncho, kusowa kwa chitsulo, magnesium ndi nayitrogeni kumawonetsedwa ndi chikasu cha masamba. Chachiwiri, musati muone kuti kuphwanya zakudya zokhudzana ndi zakudya kungakhale chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimakhalapo kapena chikhalidwe cha mbeu. Mwachitsanzo, kugonjetsedwa kwa nthata zake zowononga kumabweretsa zotsatira zofanana ndi kusowa kashiamu m'nthaka.

Kuwongolera feteleza kwa zomera zamkati

Masiku ano sizingatheke kusankha chisakanizo choyenera cha feteleza kwa zomera zamkati. Zoona, chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kuphunzira mosamala zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwake. Zomwe feteleza zimapangidwa, monga lamulo, zimaphatikizapo zigawo zikuluzikulu zitatu zofunika kuti zomera zizikula bwino: nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu moyenera. Ndipo pamakulungidwe abwino kwambiri ndizofunikira kwambiri micronutrients.

Choncho, nayitrogeni imatenga mbali mu mapangidwe a mapuloteni - maziko a chinthu chokhala ndi moyo, ndipo ndi gawo la chigawo (chlorophyll), chomwe chimathandiza kwambiri pa photosynthesis ya zomera. Izi zimayenera makamaka masamba. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwawo, iwo amawoneka wobiriwira, kenaka amawomba chikasu, amasiya kukula ndikukula. Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kumapangitsa kuoneka kokongola, kwakukulu, mdima wobiriwira, koma kusowa kwa maluwa ndi fruiting. Ndipo mchere wochulukirapo, khungu limatuluka, limatuluka, ndipo izi zimatha kuwatsogolera ku imfa yawo. Gawoli liri ndi nitrogenous mineral (ammonium nitrate) kapena organic (manyowa, slurry) feteleza.

Phosphorus ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa zakudya zamasamba. Ndi chithandizo chake, mphamvu zamagetsi zimachitika m'maselo a ziweto. Kulephera kwa phosphorous kumakhudza kwambiri masamba, omwe poyamba amakhala obiriwira omwe ali ndi bluish tinge. Ndiyeno pa iwo amawoneka zipsera zakuda kapena zofiira. Ndondomeko yogonjetsedwa imayambira ndi masamba akale a pansi ndipo pang'onopang'ono imatenga mbewu yonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwa mphukira ndi chitukuko cha mizu kumachepetsanso, masamba atsopano amasiya kupanga, ndipo maluwa imachedwa. Kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ndi kosavuta kwambiri. Koma ngati izi zichitika, ndiye izi zimakhudza masamba: ma mesyltic chlorosis amapezeka pamene mawanga ang'onoang'ono amapezeka pa tsamba la pakati pa mitsempha. Ngati kuli koyenera kudyetsa zomera ndi phosphorous superphosphate, ufa wa phosphori ndi zina zotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chomeracho chaleka kuphuka kapena m'malo mowala maluwa okongola kwambiri osapenya ndipo osadziwika aonekera, kutanthauza kuti alibe potassium . Pa chifukwa chomwecho, yambani kukhala wachikasu poyamba, kenako mugwe masamba. Popeza kusowa kwa potaziyamu m'maselo ndiko kusonkhanitsa ammonia, ndipo kumayambitsa kufa kwa ziphuphu. Njala yozizwitsa ya njala ya potaziyamu ndi kuchedwa kwachangu pa kukula kwa zomera, komanso kumalire kozungulira pamtunda wonse wa tsamba. Komanso, kusowa kwa potaziyamu kumapangitsa zomera kukhala zovuta kwambiri ku matenda a fungus. Palinso ngozi mu oversaturation yake: kuyamwa kwa calcium, magnesium, zinki ndi zinthu zina n'zovuta. Potaziyamu mchere feteleza zimaphatikizapo potaziyamu kloridi, potaziyamu sulphate.

Nthawi zina ngakhale ndi feteleza yoyenera, maluwa amkati amawoneka oipa. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi bwino kuganizira za kuyambira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka, zomwe zing'onozing'ono zimathandiza.

Kuperewera kwa calcium mu zakudya kumayambitsa kukula kwa mizu, nsonga za zimayambira ndi kufa kwa masamba aang'ono, kuphatikizapo osauka omwe amaoneka ngati zinthu monga nitrogen, potassium ndi magnesium. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti cacti akhale ndi mapiritsi akuluakulu kapena angapo. Kupanda sulfure kumakhudzanso kukula ndi kukula kwa zomera, masamba okha ndi omwe amavutika kwambiri ndi kusowa kwawo. Pang'ono pang'onopang'ono amatembenukira chikasu, koma musagwe. Ng'ombe ya njala, choyamba, imakhudza masamba aang'ono. Poyamba, amapanga mesyltic chlorosis, kenako tsamba lonse limakhala loyera. Chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri kwa zomera ndi manganese . Icho chimathandiza kwambiri pa zithunziynthesis ndi kupuma kwa mtundu. Choncho, kusowa kwa nthaka kumakhudza kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe cha zomera, ndi masamba makamaka. Zizindikiro za njala zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi kusowa kwa chitsulo, ndi kusiyana kokha kuti mitsempha ya masamba imakhalabe yobiriwira pamene ena onse amachoka. Kulephera kwa Zinc kumapezeka mu dothi losavuta. Kuchokera apa, masamba a chomera amayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndikukhala mawanga, ndipo mithunzi yamkuwa imapezeka mtundu wawo. Ndipo iwo amakhala ofooka ndi olemera. Makhalidwe amtunduwu amakhudzanso. Ndi kusowa kwa magnesium , chitukuko ndi maluwa a mbewu imachedwa. Chizindikiro choyamba cha kusala ndi maonekedwe a mezzhilkovogo chlorosis, ndiyeno masamba amakhala ndi chikasu, lalanje, wofiira kapena wofiirira. Iwo amafalikira ndi kufa. Kuperewera kwa mkuwa m'nthaka kumawonedwa ndi kupitirira kwa phosphorous feteleza. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zomera zisawonongeke, zimayambanso kupuma. Pakusowa kwake, masambawo ndi opunduka ndipo amatha, kenako maluwa onse amafa. Njala yoyamba imakhudza makamaka zigawo zazing'ono za zomera. Kuchokera ku kusowa kwawo kumavunda ndi kufa, masamba amakhala bulauni, opotoka ndi kufa, zimayambira ndi thinned, ndi duwa mapesi kugwa.

Malamulo a feteleza:

1. Muyenera kubweretsa feteleza! Kawirikawiri amasonyezedwa mu malingaliro okula maluwa. Ndipo mulole izo zikhale zabwino kuposa feteleza, mochuluka.
2. Sichivomerezeka kudyetsa odwala omwe sali mizu kapena apumula.
3. Maluwa omwe amalandira kuwala pang'ono, amafunika kukhala ndi umuna mochepa, chifukwa samagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zokwanira, ndipo nthaka idzawonongeka pachabe.
4. Musamameretse nyengo yotentha, pewani kupeza njira yothetsera kapena kusakaniza masamba ndi zimayambira (kupatulapo chakudya cha foliar).
5. Kuti manyowa asamalire mchere (orchids, ferns, etc.), ndipo maluwa aang'ono agwiritse ntchito njira yothetsera vutoli.
6. Nthawi zosiyanasiyana kukula, zomera zimafuna feteleza ndi kuchuluka kwa izi kapena chigawochi. Choncho, pachiyambi cha zomera - nayitrogeni imakula. Ndipo mu nthawi ya kubzala ndi chitukuko masamba - phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
7. Nthawi zambiri feteleza amadziwika amatha kusiyana nthawi imodzi pa sabata nthawi imodzi pa mwezi. Zimadalira nyengo ya chaka, mtundu ndi kukula kwa mbeu, zakudya zake zowonjezera, kuvomereza ndi kupanga gawo lapansi. M'nyengo yozizira, kamodzi pa mwezi, ndizosabala maluwa osakhala ndi nthawi yopumula. Pa nyengo yokula, maluwa amadyetsedwa, monga lamulo, 2 pa mwezi, kukula mofulumira - kamodzi pa sabata, ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono - kamodzi pa mwezi.
8. Musaiwale kuti kwa maola awiri kapena awiri musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, chomeracho chiyenera kuviikidwa ndi madzi.
9. Udindo wa feteleza sayenera kuchepetsedwa. Koma musanachite izi, yang'anani pa chomeracho. Kuphimba mapiritsi a nyumba, zomera, kumbukirani lamulo lalikulu - chirichonse chiyenera kulemekezedwa!