Za iye posachedwapa amalankhula mochulukirapo, koma zambiri nthawi zambiri zimatsutsana. Amati cholesterol ndi choipa kwa thupi ndipo chiyenera kutayidwa, zimanenedwa kuti ndi zothandiza komanso zofunika kwambiri. Kodi choonadi chiri kuti? Kodi kwenikweni cholesterol - gawo lake lachilengedwe ndi mankhwala kwa zamoyo likufotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Cholesterol ndi styrene ndipo imapezeka makamaka m'magulu a nyama, kuphatikizapo anthu. Cholesterol yaulere ndi chigawo chachikulu cha maselo a maselo ndipo imakhala ngati ma preconi a steroid, kuphatikizapo estrogen, testosterone, aldosterone ndi bile acid. Chokondweretsa ndi chakuti thupi lathu limapanga mitundu yonse ya cholesterol, yomwe timafunikira muzinthu zofunikira. Pochita kafukufuku wokhudza mafuta a kolesterolini, madokotala amayesa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, kapena m'mawu ena, mlingo wa kolesterolini. 85% ya cholesterol yomwe imazungulira m'magazi imapangidwa ndi thupi lokha. Zotsalira 15% zimachokera kuzinthu zakunja - kuchokera ku chakudya. Cholesterol Chakudya chimayambitsa thupi kudzera mu nyama, nkhuku, nsomba ndi nsomba, mazira ndi mkaka. Anthu ena amadya zakudya zamatenda a kolesterolini, koma adakali ndi cholesterol chochepa kwambiri, ndipo amadya anthu omwe amadya zakudya zomwe zilibe cholesterol, zomwe zimakhala ndi ma cholesterol m'magazi omwewo. Mliri wa cholesterol m'magazi ukhoza kuwonjezeka mwa kutenga cholesterol cha zakudya, mafuta odzaza ndi mafuta owonjezera. Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol kawirikawiri kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a atherosclerosis - malo osungira madzi pamakoma a zitsulo, zomwe zimamatira kuthupi labwino. Ngati mitsempha yamakono imatsekedwa, vuto la mtima likhoza kuchitika. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ngati zigawo zachitsulo zimachokera pamakoma a zitsulo, zimalowa m'magazi, komanso zimatha kufika ku ubongo ndikuyambitsa matenda.
Cholesterol "chabwino" ndi "choipa" ndi chiyani?
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya lipoproteins (yomwe ili ndi cholesterol), yomwe imagwira ntchito mosiyana. Mankhwala otsika kwambiri a lipoprotein amanyamula mafuta m'thupi kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita ku ziwalo zonse za thupi ndi matenda. Pamene mlingo wa cholesterol uwu uli wapamwamba, cholesterol imayikidwa pamakoma a mitsempha ya magazi. Kwa ichi, amatchedwa "cholesterol" choipa. M'malo mwake, imatenga cholesterol kuchokera ku magazi kubwerera ku chiwindi, komwe imakonzedwanso ndikuchotsedwa mu thupi. Mpata wochuluka wa cholesterol wotere pamakoma a mitsempha ndi ochepa kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa cholesterol yotereyo imatchedwa "zabwino". Mwachidule, apamwamba kwambiri a lipoproteins, amachepetsera chiopsezo cha mtima wamtima ndi matenda a atherosclerosis. Kwa anthu akuluakulu zaka makumi awiri ndi mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri, zotsatirazi zowonjezera za kolesterolini m'magazi zimalimbikitsidwa:
Cholesterol wathunthu ndi mamiligalamu osachepera 200 pa deciliter (mg / dL);
2. "Cholesterol" Choipa - osapitirira 40 mg / dL;
3. "Cholesterol" wabwino - osachepera 100 mg / dl.
Cholesterol ndi matenda a mtima
Cholesterol wochuluka m'magazi angachititse mavuto aakulu. M'zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri, asayansi anapeza kugwirizana pakati pa makasitomala ndi matenda a mtima. Cholesterol imayika, zotchedwa plaques, zimagwira pamakoma a mitsempha ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi. Njirayi yoperewera ndi yotchedwa atherosclerosis ndipo kawirikawiri imapezeka mu mitsempha yomwe imapereka magazi kuchokera ku minofu ya mtima kupita ku ziwalo zonse. Pamene gawo kapena magawo ambiri a minofu ya mtima salandira magazi okwanira, motero, mpweya ndi zakudya, zotsatira zake ndi ululu wamfuwa wotchedwa angina. Kuonjezerapo, chidutswa cha cholesterol chimatha kumasulidwa kuchokera pakhoma la chotengera cha carnan ndikuchichotsa, chomwe chidzabweretsa ku matenda a mtima, kupwetekedwa ndi ngakhale kufa mwadzidzidzi. Mwamwayi, chipinda cha kolesterolo chimatha kuchedwa, kuima ndi kulepheretsedwa. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kudziyang'anira nokha ndi kupeza thandizo kuchokera kwa akatswiri m'nthawi.
Cholesterol ndi zakudya
Thupi la munthu limalandira cholesterol kuchokera kuzinthu zikuluzikulu ziwiri: kuchokera payekha - makamaka kuchokera ku chiwindi - zimapanga kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, kawirikawiri pafupifupi 1000 mg. tsiku. Chakudya chimakhalanso ndi cholesterol. Mitundu ya zinyama - makamaka mazira, nyama yofiira, nkhuku, nsomba ndi zakudya zonse zamkaka zili ndi mafuta ambiri a kolera. Chakudya cha masamba (zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, mbewu, mtedza ndi mbewu) zilibe cholesterol nkomwe. Munthu wamakono amatenga pafupifupi 360 mg. cholesterol tsiku, ndi mkazi wamakono wa pafupifupi 220-260 mg. tsiku. American Heart Association imalimbikitsa kuti mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa cholesterol mlingo sumapitirira 300 mg. Ndizoonekeratu kuti anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu yapamwamba ya magazi ayenera kumwa kolesteroloni mobwerezabwereza. Kawirikawiri thupi limatulutsa cholesterol chokwanira, chomwe chili chofunikira, choncho sikofunikira kuti mutenge chakudya. Mankhwala odzaza mafuta ambiri ndi omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lizizizira kwambiri m'magazi. Izi zikutsatila kuti, pothandizira kudya kwa mafuta odzaza, chakudya chochepa cha mafuta m'thupi chingathe kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, chifukwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta odzaza zambiri zimakhala ndi cholesterol.
Udindo wochita masewero olimbitsa thupi m'thupi la cholesterol
Zochita zathupi zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa "cholesterol" chabwino mwa onse, mosasamala. Zimathandizanso kulamulira thupi, kuteteza shuga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi (kuyenda mofulumira, kuthamanga, kusambira) kumalimbitsa minofu ya mtima ndikuwonjezera mphamvu za thupi. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, udindo wa kuchita masewera olimbana ndi matenda a mtima ndi waukulu kwambiri. Ngakhale ntchito yolimbitsa thupi, ngati imachitidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, imachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Zitsanzo zowonetsera zikuyenda pofuna zosangalatsa, kumunda, kusunga nyumba, kuvina komanso kukhala wathanzi kunyumba.
Zowopsa
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimakhudza mlingo wa cholesterol - gawo lake lachilengedwe ndi mankhwala mu thupi. Izi zimaphatikizapo zakudya, zaka, kulemera, kugonana, matenda, majeremusi ndi matenda. Ndipo tsopano za aliyense mwa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
Zakudya
Pali zifukwa ziwiri zomwe chiwerengero cha kolesterolo m'magazi chikukwera mwamphamvu. Poyamba. Izi ndizo zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta odzaza, pamene mafutawo alibe cholesterol (kuphatikizapo mankhwala omwe ali ndi mafuta akuluakulu a masamba a hydrogenated, komanso mafuta a kanjedza ndi kokonati). Chachiwiri. Ichi ndi chakudya chokhala ndi mafuta otsekemera kwambiri (gulu la zakudya izi tazitchula pamwambapa). Apanso, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti chakudya cha nyama chokha chimakhala ndi cholesterol.
Zaka
Mlingo wa kolesterolo m'magazi umakula ndi zaka - mosasamala kanthu za zakudya. Ichi ndi chinthu chimene madokotala ayenera kuziganizira posankha njira za chithandizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa mafuta m'thupi.
Kulemera
Kulemera kolemera, monga lamulo, kumabweretsa kulemera kwa kolesterolini m'magazi. Dera limene kulemera kwakukulu kumayendetsedwa, kumaseĊµanso gawo lake lachilengedwe. Mavutowa ndi apamwamba kwambiri ngati kunenepa kwambiri kumakhala pamimba ndi kumunsi ngati mwapindikizika m'mabowo ndi miyendo.
Kugonana
Amuna amakhala ndi cholesterol kwambiri, mosiyana ndi amayi, makamaka ali ndi zaka 50. Pambuyo pazaka 50, amayi akamalowa nthawi ya kusamba, amachepetsa kuchepa kwa estrogen, zomwe zimayambitsa cholesterol "choipa".
Matenda a chibadwa
Anthu ena amabadwa ndi cholesterol. Ziwanda zambiri zobadwa mwaubwamuna zingabweretse kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol kapena kuchepetsa kuthetsa kwake. Izi zimapangitsa kuti apitirize kuwonjezeka kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana.
Matenda ogonjetsa
Matenda ena, monga matenda a shuga, amachepetsa cholesterol ndi triglycerides, potero amachititsa patsogolo kukula kwa matenda a atherosclerosis. Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi angathandizenso kuchuluka kwa "cholesterol" ndi triglycerides ndikuchepetsa mlingo wa "cholesterol" wabwino.
Moyo
Mavuto aakulu ndi kusuta ndizo zomwe zingakhudze cholesterol m'magazi. Kumbali inayi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumawonjezera khungu la "cholesterol" komanso kuchepetsa "zoipa".