Izi ndi zachilendo - aliyense wamvapo, koma anthu ochepa sakudziwa. Mawu akuti "enuresis" ndi achi Greek ndipo kwenikweni amatanthawuza "kuthira, kuphulika." Monga chisonyezo, kukomoka kwa ubongo kumakhala kovuta kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Koma, "usiku enuresis" ndi matenda odziimira okha omwe amadziwidwa mwadzidzidzi kwa ana a zaka zapakati pa 4 ndi zaka. Chowonadi ndi chakuti luso lakusungirako mkodzo pakudza chikhodzodzo limakhazikitsidwa ndendende ndi zaka 3-4.
Osauka kwambiri ndi enuresis wa ana oyambirira (10%). Anyamata ndi ochepa kuposa atsikana (12% ndi 7%). Ku sukulu ya pulayimale, pafupifupi chiwerengero cha ana amodzi ndi ana 4.5, ndipo patapita zaka 15 okha ndi 0,5%.
Kotero, kale kuchokera ku tanthawuzo palokha, zikuwonekeratu kuti enuresis ya ana ndi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi njira yogona. Mwa anthu amakhulupirira kuti ngati mutagona kwambiri simungathe "kumva" chilakolako chokodza. Chomwe chimatchedwa mtundu wochepa wa enuresis, ndithudi, chikuphatikiza ndi tulo tofa nato. Avicenna ananenansopo izi. Koma chonde! Ngati zizindikiro zochokera ku chikhodzodzo sizimayendera kugona, bwanji sitimangodumpha pakati pa usiku nthawi zonse ndikufulumira kupita kuchimbudzi? Izi zikusonyeza kuti bedi lamadzi si "manyazi pamudzi wonse", komanso njira yakale yodzilamulira, yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusinthika. Malinga ndi deta yamakono, enuresis imalinganiza mwachibadwa kuti isinthe magawo a tulo.
Amayi ambiri amadziŵa mobwerezabwereza kuti makanda awo amachoka atangomuka kapena atangomaliza kumene. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kwa mwana, kugona ndi chiwonetsero chachilengedwe kuti azimutse, popanda zomwe mwina sakanakhoza kudzuka! Pamene ubongo umakula ndipo thupi labwino limakhala bwino, kufunika kokopa kotere kumatha. Malingana ndi chiwerengero, pa zaka za theka 87% a ana abwinobwino amasiya kuyendetsa pabedi masana. Mu chaka oposa 2/3 a ana akugona usiku wonse kapena amakhala osasunthika, osaposa kamodzi pa sabata.
Choncho, kutentha kwa dzuwa kumakhalapo mpaka pakufunika kuti thupi la mwana libwezeretse kusakhazikika kwa dongosolo la manjenje. Zikuwoneka zopusa pamene apapa ndi amayi amayamba kudzitamandira pamaso pa achibale awo, mabwenzi awo ndi anzawo omwe chifukwa cha maphunziro abwino a mwana wawo wa zaka chimodzi nesmyshlynysh salinso "ophwanyidwa" m'chombo. Ndipotu, kuyamika chifukwa cha mpumulo wa moyo, munthu sayenera kukhala yekha, koma chilengedwe. Mwina biology, ndiko kuti, ziwalo zoberekera, zimakhudzanso kusiyana pakati pa kugonana ndi chiwerengero cha kusakanikirana kovuta. Malingaliro anga, chiwerengero chapang'ono cha enuresis mwa atsikana poyerekeza ndi anyamata ndi chifukwa chakuti thupi lakazi limakula ndikukula mofulumira kuposa thupi. Osapitilira kwambiri mu phunziroli, munthu akhoza kutenga kukhalapo kwa tanthauzo lozama lomwelo m'dongosolo lachilengedwe la munthu.
Mwana aliyense amakoka mu chikhomo mwa njira yake.
Fomu yosavuta. Amadziwika ndi nthawi zonse, koma nthawi zambiri (2-5 pa sabata) zimakhala zochitika za mwana wodwalayo omwe nthawi zambiri samadalira mowa mwauchidakwa. Kugona kawirikawiri kumakhala kozama kwambiri - atatha kuthira, mwanayo akupitiriza kugona. Kukonzekera mwadzidzidzi nthawi zambiri kumachitika maola awiri oyambirira ogona. Nthaŵi zambiri, mavuto obadwa nawo amawululidwa.
Neuropathic enuresis imayambitsa vuto la mantha obadwa mwaubwana ndi kuwonjezereka ndi kufooka kwa dongosolo la manjenje. Mafupipafupi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadziwika kuti ndi oledzeretsa. Matenda a "microsymptomatics" ndi chikhalidwe. Kawirikawiri ana awa amasokoneza usana ndi usiku. Nthawi zambiri ana amavutika ndi chimfine ali aang'ono. Polimbana ndi matenda alionse olepheretsa, zosakanikizika zomwe zimakakamizidwa komanso kukodza nthawi zambiri zimachitika osati usiku, komanso masana.
Maonekedwe amtunduwu amakhala ochepa ndipo amapezeka mu nthawi yovuta kwambiri (zaka 3, 5, 7) monga momwe amachitira povutikira kwambiri. Monga lamulo, ana asokoneza mkwiyo, kudzimva, kukhumudwa, zovuta za kugona, zoopsya usiku, zamatsenga, ndi zina. Powonjezereka kwa psychotrauma, chiopsezo cha kudzipha chimakula. Pamene mphamvu ya "chilakolako" mumoyo wa mwanayo imatha, nthawi zamadzulo "madontho" amachepa.
Tidzasamalira kapena tidzakhala ndi moyo?
Kuchita zachipatala, kusagwirizana kwa usiku ndi usana kwa ana kumaonedwa kukhala mbali imodzi ya kusakhazikika kwa dongosolo la manjenje. Choncho, madokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kudikirira mpaka mwanayo "atuluke" vutoli. Koma ngati enuresis imachitika kawirikawiri, kapena mwanayo ndi makolo ake amachitira chizoloŵezi chodziletsa kwambiri, amayamba chithandizo, makamaka pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito ya mitsempha imakhala yovuta kwambiri.
Choyamba, muyenera kusintha zakudya ndi moyo wanu. Zakudya zamkaka ndi zamasamba zimasankhidwa, ndi zipatso zochuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi mchere. Pambuyo 18-19 masana, zakumwa zimachotsedwa, makamaka tiyi ndi khofi. Maphunziro abwino olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, madzulo amayenda asanagone nthawi yabwino. Ngati mwanayo ali ndi nthawi yocheperapo pamaso pa TV ndi kompyuta, zidzamuthandizanso.
Chofunikira kwambiri ndikutinso kukonzanso kachipangizo kakang'ono ka maganizo m'mabanja. Mwanayo sayenera kukhala mboni ya "nkhondo" pakati pa makolo. Bambo ndi amayi ayenera kukhala chitsanzo chabwino, kusonyeza chikondi chawo, kupatula nthawi yamtengo wapatali ndikukhala oleza mtima.
Kuchokera ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti athe kuchiritsidwa ndi mwana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ndi "mantha", udzu wokhala ndi matenda odziteteza (St. John's wort) ndichitetezo (valerian, motherwort, cudweed) adzagwira ntchito. Zotsatira zabwino za thanzi labwino zimakhala ndi zowonjezera zamakono zowonjezera: zowonongeka bwino za tirigu, mavitamini ndi mavitamini ophatikiza ndi rosehip, wofiira ndi wakuda chokeberry. Mwa zomera, zotsatira zake sizinatsimikizidwe ndi sayansi, koma zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka mazana anthu kuti azisamalira euresis, zimatchulidwa ziyenera kupangidwa ndi mabulosi akuda, raspberries, cranberries, blueberries, katsabola, croquets, ndi golide.
Nthawi zina mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito: mankhwala opatsirana amitriptyline ndi imipramine. Pankhani ya mavuto a maganizo, matenda opatsirana aumunthu amawonetsedwa, omwe amachitika osati ndi mwana yekha, komanso ndi akulu akulu.