Pambuyo pa oyamba shuga (saccharin) anapangidwa mofulumira mmbuyo mu 1879, mphukira yake yoyamba ya "kutchuka" inangobwera panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, pamene shuga yachizolowezi yopanga shuga sinali yokwanira. Tsopano chidwi chathu chimaperekedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotsekemera, zachilengedwe ndi zopangidwa. Kwa zokoma zachilengedwe ndi: sorbitol, xylitol, stevia, fructose. Mapangidwe awo ali ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a shuga, amakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu, amatengeka ndi thupi, ndipo amatipatsa mphamvu. Zakudya zotentha zimaphatikizapo: saccharin, aspartame, pothamanga, sucraite ndi acesulfame potassium. Otsatira shugawa sagwidwa ndi thupi, alibe mphamvu, ndipo amakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri pamene amagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Choncho musanasankhe ndi kusinthitsa shuga mu zakudya zanu ndi zokoma, muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino "zonsezi".
Zachibadwa kwambiri za zotsekemera ndi fructose - zimapezeka mu zipatso zonse, zipatso, timadzi timadzi tokoma, uchi, zokoma kuposa sucrose mu 1,7, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndi magawo atatu ochepa. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pophika, pokonzekera kupanikizana ndi kupanikizana, ndibwino kuigwiritsira ntchito kwa odwala matenda a shuga. Koma, pakati pazinthu zina, fructose ili ndi ubwino wina wabwino - imayambitsanso kugawidwa kwa mowa m'magazi, ndipo imathandizira kuchotsa. Zina mwazovuta pakugwiritsa ntchito fructose mu zakudya ndizoopsa za matenda a mtima.
Chokoma chotere, monga xylitol, chomwe chimakondedwa ndi opanga utoto wa chew ndi zina zotsupa, zimachokera ku chimanga cha chimanga ndi nthanga za mbewu za thonje. Zakudya zamakono ndi zokoma zokwanira zimakhala zofanana ndi shuga wamba, koma muzitsamba zazikulu zingadziwonetsere ngati mankhwala ofewa kwambiri.
Stevia, shuga wa chimasamba wachilengedwe, si nthawi zokoma 25 zokha kuposa izo, komanso zothandiza kwambiri pa thanzi. Zikhoza kuonjezedwa bwino ku mbale iliyonse, kumene shuga imayikidwa - tiyi, khofi, yogurts, confectionery. Sikuti sizowona kuti sizowononga, komabe ntchito yayitali imachepa m'magazi, imakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe ka chiwindi ndi chiwindi, imathandiza kuthetsa kugonana kwa ana, kumachepetsa tulo, kumapangitsa kuti munthu azigwira bwino ntchito - pamaganizo ndi m'maganizo.
Chotsatira chomwe chimakhala chokoma kwambiri ndi sorbitol, chomwe chimakhala chochuluka kwambiri maapulo, apricots ndi phulusa la phiri. Koma kukoma kwake kuli kochepa kusiyana ndi shuga katatu, pamene calorium yochuluka kuposa shuga shuga ndi 53% (mosiyana ndi zina zotsekemera), ngakhale zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati kusunga madzi ndi zakumwa zofewa ndipo zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa zakudya za shuga. Pakagwiritsira ntchito sorbitol m'thupi, kumwa mavitamini kumachepa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala bwino. Pankhani ya overdose ya sorbitol, kudzikuza, kuphulika, ndi khunyu zimachitika.
Kawirikawiri, monga momwe mukuonera, ngakhale zokoma zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zawo. Kodi ndi zotani ndi othandizira awo?
Saccharin, yoyamba pakati pa anthu osakaniza shuga, ndi okoma kwambiri kuposa shuga kuposa ma 300, ndipo nthawi yomweyo sichidziwika bwino ndi thupi. Malingana ndi akatswiri ena, ali ndi zinthu zamagazi zomwe zingayambitse kuchuluka kwa cholelithiasis. Sikoyenera kuti mudye m'mimba yopanda kanthu, popanda kutenga mankhwala a hydrocarbon ndi ndalama zochulukirapo 0,2 g pa tsiku.
Aspartame, wokondedwa kwambiri ndi okonza mitundu yonse ya zakumwa za "Kuunika" ndi zokolola, nthawi yomweyo ndi owopsa kwambiri pakati pa olowa shuga. Ndipotu, kutentha ndi madigiri 30 okha, imayamba kuwonongeka m'zinthu zonse, zomwe zimatsekedwa ndi formaldehyde ya khansa. Mu tsiku silingatenge zosapitirira 3.5 g.
Chokoma china chokonzekera - cyclamate, chiletsedwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ku EU ndi US, koma kufalikira m'madera a Russia (osati gawo lochepa mwazimenezi). Kuthamanga kumangosungunuka mophweka m'madzi, ndi nthawi 30 mpaka 50 zokoma kuposa shuga, ndipo imayesedwa ngati chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nsomba. Patsiku sikungatenge zoposa 0.8g.
Sukrasit, ngakhale kuti ndi lokoma kwambiri, koma imachokera ku sucrose, sichimachita nawo m'thupi, zimakhudza mlingo wa shuga m'magazi. Mukagwiritsiridwa ntchito, khungu lanu likhoza kuthandizidwa. Tsiku limaloledwa kuposa 0,7 g.
Ndipo pomaliza, kutsekemera koteroko monga potaziyamu acesulfame, monga ngati zotsekemera zina zopangidwa, sikunamizidwe ndi thupi, imachotsedwa mwamsanga, ndipo imakhala yokoma 200 kuposa shuga. Pa nthawi yomweyi, imalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti ali ndi pakati, akuyamwitsa ndi ana. Zimasungunuka bwino, ndipo zimasokoneza mtima wa mtima. Mlingo wake wotetezeka saposa 1 g pa tsiku.
Okonza ndi osungira shuga - akuvulaza kapena amapindula? Ngakhale zambiri timayesa kulamulira zomwe timadya tsiku lirilonse, koma pa chakudya chathu, ena onse omwe amasuta shuga amabwera kwa ife kumapeto. Mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi zina zabwino, koma zosokoneza sizinanso. Kotero, ngati mutasankha kuwonetsa thanzi lanu, pa chiwerengero chanu, ndi kudzipangitsa nokha mu zokoma mwa kusintha shuga ndi shuga m'malo mwake - bwino musamachite. Zopindulitsa kwambiri kwa chiwerengero chanu, komanso pa thanzi lanu, padzakhala kusintha kwa maswiti mwachilengedwe mwa zipatso za zipatso, zouma ndi zipatso. Musati "kunyenga" thupi lanu, lisamalirani - ndipo lidzakuyankhani ndi maonekedwe abwino ndi ubwino.