Kodi ndi khofi ziti zomwe zimakupangitsani kuti mugwirizane? Kumayambiriro kwa tsiku latsopano, kusuta khofi ndi ogwira ntchito mu ofesi, tsiku lachikondi mu cafe, msonkhano wa bizinesi, kuyankhulana kokondweretsa ndi abwenzi ... Mndandandawu ukhoza kupitilira kwanthawizonse: khofi yakhala yakhala yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wathu. Zimakhulupirira kuti malinga ndi kutchuka kwake, zimapereka madzi. Zopindulitsa za khofi yakuda zili ndi micyutrients yofunikira komanso antioxidants.
Coffee ya nthawi yamakedzana inkatengedwa kuti ndikumwa mowa mwa oimba, olemba ndakatulo ndi oganiza. Mwachitsanzo, Honore de Balzac amatha kumwa mowa mpaka makapu 60 a khofi patsiku. Chimodzimodzi chachinyengo chinali chonchi cha Voltaire, yemwe anakhetsa makapu 50 patsiku. Zoonadi, zopambanitsa zoterezi sizinachitike popanda chithandizo cha thanzi lawo ...
Muzitsogozo wa wogula, tinayesetsa kusonkhanitsa zambiri zokhudza zakumwa izi: Kumeneko ndi nthawi yanji yomwe khofi yapezeka, komwe imamwa madzi, osati kuvulaza thanzi, njira zotani zokonzekera zilipo, ndi zina zotero.
Chakumwa cha chimwemwe
Mpaka lero, mikangano ikupangidwira za zotsatira za khofi pa thupi la munthu. Mkati mwa nyemba za khofi muli mankhwala oposa zikwi ziwiri, omwe ndi theka lakhala ataphunzira. Kotero pali zambiri zatsopano zomwe zapeza patsogolo. Chimene chimatsimikiziridwa motsimikiza kuti: caffeine imakhala ndi zotsatira zokondweretsa kwambiri m'katikatikati mwa mitsempha (imachepetsa ziwiya za ubongo, imayambitsa ubongo). Ndichifukwa chake kapu ya timadzi tokoma bwino ikhoza kugonjetsa kugona ndi kupweteka mutu, pambali pake ndizovuta kupanikizika (chifukwa cha hormone ya chimwemwe chomwe chili ndi serotonin).
Zopindulitsa za khofi yakuda ziyenera kulandira ulemu wa aphrodisiac: caffeine imapangitsa malo a ubongo kukhala ndi udindo wogonana. Choncho musakhale aulesi m'mawa kuti muwononge khofi yomwe mumaikonda.
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wawonetsa kuti kapu imakhala yosavuta kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuthandizani kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa minofu mutatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pa masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Espresso nthawi zambiri imatumizidwa ndi kapu ya madzi ozizira ozizira, omwe amathandiza kuti amvetsetse bwino kwambiri.
Buku la Coffeemaker Guide
Kukoma kwa chakumwa kumadalira zifukwa zambiri: kalasi ya khofi, kutentha kwambiri ndi kupera tirigu.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Kufunika kwa mafakitale kuli mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mitengo ya khofi: Arabica ndi Robusta. Arabica imakhala yosavuta komanso yosangalatsa kwambiri, yamtengo wapatali. Zitsamba zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana. Ndilo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu pa zokolola zapadziko lapansi.
Robusta sichidalira kwambiri kukula. Komabe, ndizochepa kwa Arabia ndi makhalidwe ake: kukoma kwake kuli kolimba, kowawa pang'ono ndi astringent. Kuwonjezera apo, izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi kafeini kawiri.
Monga lamulo, muzitolo za Chiyukireniya zosakaniza zosakaniza mitundu yonse iwiri zimaperekedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa zosiyanasiyana kukoma ndi fungo.
Mgwirizano wokazinga mbewu
Kuchokera kumbewu yomweyo pakukaka, mukhoza kupeza khofi ya zokonda zosiyana. Pali madigiri angapo okazinga: kuwala (Scandinavia), sing'anga (Vienna), amphamvu (Chifalansa) ndipo, potsiriza, kwambiri (Chiitaliya). Zimakhulupirira kuti patapita nthawi, kutentha kwa mbewu kumakhala nthawi yaitali, ndizofunika kwambiri mafuta. Motero, ndipo kukoma kumakhutira kwambiri, ndi kuwawidwa koopsa.
Njira ndi digiri ya kugaya
Poyamba nyemba za khofi zinkaphikidwa kwathunthu, kenako zimaphwanyidwa mumtondo. Koma khofi ikangobwera ku Turkey, idayamba kugaya paguwa.
Odziwika bwino omwe amagwiritsa ntchito khofi wakuda amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chopukusira pogwiritsa ntchito mphero yopangira zakumwa. Ngati muli ndi chipangizo chozungulira (pogwiritsa ntchito mipeni) yesetsani kuti musalole kutentha kwakukulu kwa chitsulo: kukoma ndi fungo la khofi zimatayika kwambiri.
Pali madigiri angapo akupera mbewu: mu fumbi, woonda, wamkati komanso wakupera. Mbiri ya khofi inayamba zaka zambiri Khristu asanafike m'chigawo cha Kafa (Ethiopia, East Africa). Malinga ndi imodzi mwa nthano zambiri, mbusa wa ku Ethiopiya Caldi anadabwa ndi khalidwe la mbuzi yake atatha kufufuza zipatso za mtengo wa khofi wofiira. Kenaka mbusa woganiza bwino adaganiza kuti ayese zipatso zomwe zimafanana ndi cherries. Mwachiwonekere, iwo ankamuyenerera kuti adye, chifukwa posachedwa khofi linakhala chakumwa chokonda kwambiri cha Aarabu. Mpaka zaka za m'ma 1500, khofi idakula makamaka ku Arabia Peninsula. Kwa nthawi yaitali, kutumiza kwa mbewu zachonde (zosasakanizidwa) kunaletsedwa - kuteteza kulima kwawo m'madera ena. Komabe, mu 1616 a Dutch adatha kusinthanitsa tirigu angapo "amoyo". Pambuyo pake anayamba kukula khofi m'madera awo ku India ndi Indonesia (lero dera lino ndilo lachinayi kuwonjezera pa khofi padziko lapansi). Woyamba kubweretsa khofi ku Ulaya anali amalonda a Venetian (kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17). Choyamba, kuchotsa nyemba za khofi kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachipatala, koma kale mu 1646 nyumba yoyamba ya khofi inatsegulidwa ku Venice. Posakhalitsa mabungwe amenewa anaonekera ku Ulaya konse. Ku Russia, khofi inabwera kudzera mwa mfumu Petro I, yemwe anali chidakwa chakumwa chokoma pamene anali ku Holland. Lero, nyemba za khofi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali zogulitsa malonda, zomwe zimakhala zamtengo wapatali kwa mafuta okha.
Ambiri okonda khofi amakonda kuwonjezera zokometsera zosiyanasiyana za khofi, zomwe zimapatsa zakumwa zokoma zokometsera zokoma ndi zina za kukoma. Yesani khadiamu, sinamoni, nutmeg, cloves, ginger ndi tsabola wokoma.
Kwa kukoma kulikonse
Njira zakonzekera
Kafi kummawa (mu Turkey)
1 tsp. khofi yamtengo wapatali yogona mu dzhez (Turk) ndikutsanulira theka la madzi ozizira. Kuphika pa moto wochepa popanda kusakaniza. Mukangoyamba kukwera khofi, chotsani kutentha ndipo, popanda kusamba, tsitsani khofi pa makapu. Mafilimu a French (piston method) Khofi yofiira kugona pansi pa galasi lalikulu, ndikutsanulira madzi otentha. Lolani zakumwazo kuti ziphatikize kwa mphindi zisanu, ndipo patukani chofufumitsa ndi pistoni yomwe ili pachivindikirocho. Njira yoyendetsera (kufotetsa) Njira yosavuta yopangira khofi. Khofi ya sing'anga yopera imaphimbidwa mu fyuluta yoboola. Madzi amtentha otentha amaponyedwa pansi ndi dontho, lomwe pambuyo potsitsa amatumizidwa ku mphika wa khofi. Makina opanga khofi. Anthu opanga khofi amadziwika kwambiri. Chipangizocho chili ndi zigawo zitatu. M'madzi otsika amatsanuliridwa, pakati pake amaika coarse khofi, pamwamba pa madzi osungunuka amamwa. Mpweya wotentha umatuluka kudutsa pamtunda ndipo umadutsa mu khola lapamwamba. Coffee imakhala yamphamvu ndi yodzaza. Makina osokoneza khofi mu makina a espresso amakonzedwa osakwana mphindi imodzi - imbani basi batani imodzi. Mfundo yogwiritsidwa ntchito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mpweya wotsika kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito khofi yabwino.
Zakumwa za khofi
Kuchokera m'mawu akunja ku menyu ya nyumba zamakono zamakono, maso akuthamanga. Tiyeni tipyole mapepala akuluakulu ophika. Espresso ndi "mfumu" mu gulu la zakumwa za khofi: zimadalira kuti mitundu ina yonse ikukonzekera. Pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi, magalamu 7 a khofi (supuni 1) ndi 40 ml ya madzi otentha amafunikira. American - espresso ndi kuwonjezera madzi otentha. Vuto lozoloŵera ndi -120 ml. Cappuccino - espresso yokhala ndi mkuntho wa mkaka wophika (ankagwiritsa ntchito sinamoni). Mkaka umamenyedwa mu makina a espresso ndi jenereta ya nthunzi. Ristretto ndi khofi yowonjezera kwambiri komanso yopatsa mphamvu (7 g ya khofi 20-25 ml ya madzi). Gawo lapangidwa kuti likhale 1-2 sips. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, popanda shuga. Kutumikira ndi galasi la madzi ozizira. Latte ndi malo ogulitsira magawo atatu: mkaka, espresso ndi chithovu cha mkaka. Chakudyacho chimatumikiridwa mu galasi lapamwamba kwambiri ndi chubu.
Makapu awiri okha a khofi tsiku amakuthandizani kutaya mapaundi owonjezerawo. Pankhaniyi, zowonjezereka zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakhomo.
Kofi yachilengedwe imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza kuti makampani oyambitsa zodzoladzola amawonjezeranso kuzipangizo zamakono komanso zochepetsera khungu la nkhope ndi thupi. Yakhazikitsidwa mwakhama: chikho cha espresso chimayambitsa katemera wa mankhwala ndi pafupifupi 4%. Kuonjezera apo, caffeine imachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta, amachepetsa chilakolako ndipo amaletsa kudya.
Coffee ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yapadera. Dulani malo a khofi ndi lotion kwa thupi. Pewani ndi malo ovuta (m'chiuno, m'mimba, m'makoko) ndi kukulunga ndi filimu ya chakudya. Pambuyo ola limodzi, yambani ndikugwiritsa ntchito mkaka wambiri. Pa khofi wophika, caffeine imalowa mkati mwa subcutaneous adipose minofu. Ndipo particles okha minofu khungu, kusintha magazi ndi maselo otuluka.
Kuyeretsa kwakukulu kumathandiza khungu lako kuwala! Madzulo, mukatha kusamba, khalani ndi khofi yabwino kwambiri ndipo muzisakaniza bwino ndi kirimu chopatsa thanzi. Chotsanikiranacho mkati mwa mphindi 2-3 mwapang'onopang'ono khunguzani khungu la nkhope kumbali ya mizere yochepetsa, kenaka musambe madzi ofunda. Chitani kamodzi pa sabata.
Kuyeretsa khungu la thupi ku maselo akufa, tengani khofi pang'ono (mukhoza kumwa) ndi sodium thupi (kwa mphindi zisanu). Njirayi imasamalira khungu pa miyendo ndi m'mimba, imalimbikitsa bwino ndi kuyeretsa khungu, komanso imachotsa poizoni.
Pang'ono ndi khofi
Kwa anthu ambiri, pa chifukwa chimodzi, khofi yachilengedwe imatsutsana. Yankho linapezeka: kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, khofi ya decaffeinated inayamba kupangidwa ku USA. Komabe, mankhwalawa sungaganizidwe kuti ndi othandiza, chifukwa njira zamagwiritsidwe ntchito zimachokera ku feteleza. Mwachitsanzo, methylene chloride ndi ethyl acetate amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zotsalira zomwe zingalowemo mankhwala omaliza. Mu 1979, a Swiss anakhazikitsa njira yomwe madzi ndi zowonongeka pamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, ndi okwera mtengo, chifukwa chaichi sichilandira kupezeka kwakukulu. Posachedwapa, asayansi akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zowonetsera majeremusi pofuna kuletsa jini yomwe imayambitsa kaphatikizidwe wa caffeine m'mbewu. Mosakayikira kunena, kuti chitetezo cha GMO pansi pa funso lalikulu ?!