Zilibe masiku omwe kunali koyenera kutembenuzira mulu wa mankhwala ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kuti mupeze chithunzi - dziko loperekedwa ku kujambula kwa digito. Njira iyi yomwe ingatheke komanso yosavuta kupeza pepala lokhazikika pamapepala zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kutenga zochitika zonse zofunika kwambiri m'moyo kapena zokongola zokha. Masiku ano, pafupifupi aliyense ali ndi kamera ya digito. Komabe, si onse omwe amadziwa njira zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakulolani kutenga chithunzi cha zithunzi zosavuta. Chithunzi ndi dziko lenileni ndi maso anu.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji kamera?
Choyamba, kamera yabwino ndi yosankha. Choyamba, tcherani khutu ku zigawo zazikulu - chiwerengero cha pixel pamatrice. Pa izi zimadalira khalidwe ndi kukula kwa chithunzi chomwe chinasindikizidwa m'tsogolomu. Mwachitsanzo, pa chithunzi chabwino cha 10x15, muyenera kukhala ndi kamera ya ma voxels 1200x1800, omwe ali pafupifupi ma digapixel 2.2. Kuti musindikize chithunzi cha 13x18, mukufunikira kamera yokhala ndi ma 3.5 Megapixel (pafupifupi 1600x2200 pixel). Ambiri opanga makamera samasonyeza kukula kwake kwa matrix, koma kukula kwake kuti kamera ikhoza kuwonjezeka, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera. Ndipotu, sipadzakhala ntchito zambiri kuchokera kukula uku. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha Megapixel sichikutsimikizira kuti fanoli lidzakhala lapamwamba kwambiri. Zimadalira pazinthu zina zambiri, kuphatikizapo khalidwe la matrix.
Zomwe zili zofunikira kwambiri ndizomwe mungathe kupanga zojambulajambula (Zoom). Mtengo wake umatsimikiziridwa ndi kusiyana pakati pa kutalika ndi kutalika kwa kutalika kwa kutalika kwake. Kukula kwake kungakhale kotsegula (chifukwa cha lens) ndi digito (chifukwa cha mapulogalamu a processing). Mtundu wabwino kwambiri umapezeka pokhapokha ndi zithunzi zokhala ndi zojambula.
Mirror.
Aliyense anamva za zotchedwa "magalasi". Makamera oterewa amakulolani kuti muwone chithunzi chokha osati cha masewera okhawo, komanso pawindo lapadera, ndiko, ndi maso anu. Komabe, ngati simukukonda kuika patsogolo ndikugwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse, izi sizothandiza kwa inu. Kuonjezera apo, "SLRs" amakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwayi wina wothandizana nawo. Koma ngati mulibe njira zenizeni ndipo mulibe chilakolako chofufuza zovuta zonse za kujambula, mungadzipatse nokha kamera.
Kutalika kwayitali.
Chinthu choyamba chimene mumayang'anitsitsa zithunzi za amateur ndizolakwika kutalika. Ngati mukufuna kuchotsa chinthu, muyenera kuchoka, izi zikutanthauza kuti kamera yanu ili ndi kutalika kwakukulu. Makamera amenewa amakhala okonzeka kuwombera zinthu zakutali zokha. Pogwiritsa ntchito kutalika kwake, parameter imeneyi imayandikana kwambiri ndi kamera, monga choyambirira pa kutsegula. Mukasankha fomuyi pamanja, m'pofunika kudziwa kuti kusankha chinthu kumbuyo, sankhani mtengo wochepa. Pa mtengo wotsika kwambiri, kulemera kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi lonse chimango. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pojambula zithunzi kapena zinthu zosakwatira zomwe mukufuna kuziganizira.
Chinthu chotsatira chomwe chili ndi phindu pakubwezera chithunzi ndicho choyambirira. Ikuthandizani kuti mutenge chinthu chimodzi chosunthira kuchokera ku misa wathunthu kapena kupereka phunziro lapadera la kuyenda. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyesa kuthamanga kwa 60 ndi kupitirira.
Wina ndi ISO kapena mphamvu ya matrix. Pamwamba pa chiwerengero ichi, zing'onozing'ono kuunikira kwa phunziro la kuwombera. Mukhoza kukhazikitsa mwamsanga msangamsanga. Komabe, ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti ndi chidwi chachikulu, zithunzi zimakhala "grainy", choncho musatengeke ndi kuwombera pa ISO yaikulu.
Flash.
Osati wothandizira posachedwapa kuti apeze zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri ndi kuwala. Tsoka ilo, mdimawo umapangitsa chithunzicho muzithunzi kukhala chophweka. Pankhani iyi, mukhoza kuyesa kuwombera pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuona mithunzi. Anthu ambiri akamajambula pang'onopang'ono chifukwa chosadziwa zambiri amatsekedwa ndi dzanja lake, ndiye kuti nthawi zonse muyenera kutsata ndikupewa zolakwitsa zoterezi.
Zokonda zina.
Pali zigawo zingapo, chifukwa cha zomwe mungachite kuti muzitha kusintha zithunzi. Mwachitsanzo, mu makamera amakono amakono amaoneka ngati ntchito yoyera. Chifukwa cha ichi, mungathe kusintha khalidwe lachifaniziro pansi pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zowombera, mwachitsanzo, panja, m'nyumba ndi nyali zamtundu kapena nyali za fulorosenti. Nthawi zambiri kawirikawiri zokhazikika. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa zowonjezera, yesetsani kuyesa ndi dongosolo ili.
Ngati simunaphunzire zolemba za makamera anu, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ambiri a iwo ali ndi njira zowonetsera poyendetsa pansi pazinthu zina, monga "nyanja", "chisanu", "phwando", "zomera". Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupange chithunzi chopambana kwambiri pansi pazochitika zisanayambe. Mukadziwa bwino, kujambula ndi chiyani, ndipo dziko lidzasewera ndi mitundu yatsopano.
Kuti mukhale ndi chithunzi chabwino ndikofunika kusankha bwino mawonekedwe a chimango, ndiko kuti, zomwe mudzaponyera, mwachitsanzo, zachilengedwe zenizeni. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chinthu chododometsa ndi chojambula, yesetsani kukonzekera kuti zinthu zonse zosangalatsa ziwoneke, chinthucho chikhale pakatikati pa chimango kapena chiwonetsero choyang'ana kutsogolo kwa gawolo. Ndikofunika kuti mu chimango sichilandira alendo, simunafune kuwombera.
Zochitika.
Musataye mtima ngati zithunzi zoyambirira zomwe munalandira sizikukhumba. Dziko lenileni muzithunzi sizomwe zidzakhalire. Maluso onse ofunikira amadza ndi zochitika, kotero chinthu chachikulu chimene muyenera kuchita ndi kujambula zithunzi. Onetsani zithunzi pa maulendo, amateurs ndi akatswiri, mumalandira malangizo abwino ndi ndemanga zabwino. Mukhoza kukonza luso lanu osati nokha, komanso maphunziro apadera. Ojambula odziwa zambiri adzakuwonetsani njira zofunikira kwambiri zojambula zithunzi ndipo adzalandira zithunzi zapamwamba zomwe zingasangalatse osati inu nokha, koma achibale anu ndi abwenzi anu.