Code of Honor
Kubwerera mu 1963, kumayambiriro kwa kuwonongedwa kwa makampani ogulitsa zakudya ndi mankhwala, WHO inapereka chikalata chovomerezeka - Codex Alimcnlarius. Mpaka pano, ili ndi ziwerengero zazikulu zowonjezera. Kuti agwiritse ntchito popanda kuphwanya malamulo, olemba ayenera kulemba pa phukusi dzina la chigawocho, kapena ndondomeko yake ndi kalasi, mwachitsanzo: "sorbic acid" kapena "E-200 yosungira". Ndiponso, makampani sayenera kupitirira chiwerengero chovomerezeka cha zowonjezera "E". Pankhaniyi, mankhwalawa amawoneka otetezeka.
Tsoka, ngwazi!
Poyamba pamasewera atatu apamwamba - kutaya chingamu. Pa "zofooka" maziko okha a mpira. Kachiwiri - chola cha zakudya. Chilengedwe chake chimakhala madzi, carbon dioxide, ndi caffeine. Chomwe chimamupangitsa kukhala cola, ali ndi labotale yoyambirira: zowonjezera, okonza aciditi, dyes, zosungira zowonjezera ndi zina zotero. Amatseketsa cube ya "bouillon" yoopsa kwambiri itatu. Zosakaniza zachilengedwe mwa izo pang'ono: mafuta a masamba a chiyambi chosadziwika, nyama yaing'ono ndi youma nkhuku. Chabwino, mchere ndi shuga. Zonsezi ndizokoma ndi zonunkhira (glutamate, inosinate, sodium guanylate), maltodextrin, wowonjezera, zokometsera ndi colorant. Monga akunena, chilakolako chabwino!
Zambirimbiri zowonjezera "E"
Zakudya zokoma ndi zokoma (E-600 - E-699) zimapezeka mu sausages zovulaza m'chiuno, sodas ndi chakudya chofulumira, komanso mu saladi ambiri, soya msuzi, yoghurts ndi masamba, zomwe amakonda okondedwa ambiri. Ovotera ambiri nthawi zambiri amatisocheretsa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuwonjezera pa zachirengedwe (zonunkhira, kuika masamba ndi masamba) ndi kupanga (mankhwala monga ethylmaltol) palinso chomwe chimatchedwa chirengedwe chofanana. Ndipotu, iwo sagwirizana mofanana ndi abale awo achilengedwe. Ku America ndi Europe palibe mawu oterewa. Kwa ife nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa maina osakondweretsa a mankhwala. Gwiritsani ntchito, rasipiberi, katemera wa ethyl acetate kapena amyl acetate m'kamwa la yogurt osakongola kuposa chivundi chofanana ndi chirengedwe. Zowonjezera zina za mndandanda wa E-600-E-699 ndi opatsa mphamvu. Amalola makampani kupulumutsa pazipangizo zokwera mtengo. Chitsanzo ndi sodium glutamate, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu sauces, zonunkhira ndi soseji. Zimathandiza kuti zakudya zamasamba ndi nyama zitheke, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azikhala m'malo ochepa. Malingana ndi akatswiri a zachipatala a Institute of Nutrition ya Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, akuluakulu, sodium glutamate ndizoopsa pokhapokha ngati zoposa chizolowezi chovomerezeka (1.5 g pa tsiku, kapena osapitirira 0,5 g pa nthawi). Zimakhala zosavuta kulamulira izi, makamaka ngati mukufunitsitsa ku Korea saladi ndi zokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi bwino kuphika nokha, ndi zonunkhira zachilengedwe. Dyes (E-100 - E 199) ndi zotetezera (E-200 - E-299) zimapezeka ngakhale pamene zikuwoneka kuti palibe chochita, mwachitsanzo, mu tchizi ta mafuta komanso tchizi. "E" magulu 100-199 onse ndi mankhwala komanso pafupi ndi masoka. Zotsatirazi zimaphatikizapo carotene ndi carotenoids (karoti akupanga), Appato (Bixa orcllana L. Mbewu yachitsamba yomwe imakula ku South America), curcumin (chinthu chochokera ku turmeric), riboflavin (vitamini B2). Nutritionists (kupatula zaka mazana a vinyo wosasa, apulo ndi zida zina zachirengedwe), anthu odwala zakudya zakhala akudziwika kuti ndi otetezeka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu wathanzi ndi abwino kuti asagwiritse ntchito, ndipo omwe ali ndi vuto ndi kuchepa kwa thupi, chifuwa ndi ana, nthawi zambiri amatsutsana. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, bio yogurt, yomwe, malinga ndi GOST, sayenera kukhala ndi zotetezera, ingathe kuima m'firiji masiku angapo, ngakhale, moyenera, imayenera kuuma mkati mwa maola ochepa ... -499) akhoza kupezeka onse mu chokoleti, komanso mu zakudya zosakaniza - mafuta, marmalade, ayisikilimu. Komanso, popanda zowonjezera izi, maswiti omwe adatchulidwa sadzakhalapo nkomwe. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito E-476 (ethers, ofanana ndi sopo wamba) amaperekedwa ndi teknoloji yopanga chokoleti. Amapatsa pulasitiki wokongola, chifukwa amasungunuka pakamwa. Mofanana ndi zina zotchedwa E-components, stabilizers, thickeners ndi emulsifiers ndi zachibadwa ndi kupanga. Pa nthawi yoyesedwa - dzira yolk ndi mapuloteni, komanso lecithins za masamba. Musachite mantha ndi agar-agar (zidutswa zamtundu), humicarrabica (mchere wa acacia), pectin (masamba a zamasamba), gelatin (mapuloteni gelling agent) ndi chitosan (mankhwala ochokera ku carapace ya nkhanu). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zamankhwala, zomwe madokotala amalangiza anthu olemera kwambiri. Komabe, zopangidwa ndi timadzi timene timapanga timadzimadzi ndi ma surfactants (surfactants) ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri. Iwo akhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito dzina labwino la mankhwala, komanso mtengo wa mankhwala omwe ali nawo. Mwachitsanzo, mu mitundu ya ayisikilimu yopangidwa molingana ndi GOST, lecithin yachilengedwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, komanso mitundu yotsika mtengo (malinga ndi TU) "chemistry" imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Gulu la zowonjezera zina (E-900-E-999) limaphatikizapo zopangira ufa ndi zina. Amatha kupezeka onse mu mkate woyera ndi mkate, ndipo amadziwika ndi mkate wambiri komanso tirigu. Tsopano, popanda zowonjezera izi, pafupifupi zomera zonse zophika mkate sizikhoza kuchita. Amakulolani kuti mupulumutse zambiri pazofunikira - ufa wabwino. Tirigu a kalasi yachitatu ndi abwino kwa baker. Pali gluten yokwanira mmenemo, yomwe imapatsa phokoso ndi ulemerero kwa mkate wambiri. Komabe, tsopano zophika zakumwa zikugwiritsira ntchito ufa wa tirigu wachinayi, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito kudyetsa ziweto. Chifukwa cha zopanda mtengo E zopangira, n'zotheka kusokoneza zosakaniza za khalidwe losauka. Kuti muteteze ku "chemistry" mu mkate wa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi bwino kugula mitundu yobiriwira ya mkate wa tirigu wa rye kapena rye, yomwe imapangidwa malinga ndi GOST zakale. Mkate uwu uli ndi mgwirizano wochuluka, kotero "mpweya" wa mikate ndi mipukutu kwa iye chirichonse.