Makolo athu akutali sakanatha kulingalira kuti dziko lozungulira lomwelo liri ndi anthu ambiri ndi magulu onse a zamoyo zosaoneka. Pokhapokha atapangidwa ndi microscope m'zaka za zana la XVII, anthu adazindikira nkhani zodabwitsa izi. Koma zamoyo zamoyozi zinkaoneka pa dziko lathuli mabiliyoni angapo apitawo! Zamoyo zochepa kwambiri zimakhala ndi udindo wapatali padziko lapansi. Mabakiteriya amasintha zinthu zakuthupi kuti zisinthe, kuchotsa mapulaneti athu, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timakhala m'magazi, pakhungu ndi muzirombo, timagwira nawo ntchitoyi, timateteza ku "achibale" ndipo timayambitsa mavitamini ena. Kwazaka zambirimbiri asayansi akhala akuyang'ana "zomwe zikuchitika" mu "dziko lofanana". Zomwe anazipeza m'mayendedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zinalola kuti njira zenizeni, zenizeni zothandizira matenda, komanso njira zomwe zimalepheretsa kufala kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - abwenzi ndi adani a anthu.
Zolemba "zoipa"
Zakale zapitazo, kolera imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa matenda owopsya komanso owopsya. Kuchokera ku India, kumene foci yake inkawonekera, mliriwu udalowa m'mayiko ena, ukutenga imfa ndi kuwonongeka. Palibe amene adadziwa momwe angagonjetse mliriwu. Pogwiritsa ntchito microscope madzi amene amatengedwa m'mabasi komwe kolerayo inagwedezeka, ofufuza anapezapo nyama zochepa zomwe zinali ngati chida ndipo mwamsanga zinasunthira mothandizidwa ndi flagella. Ichi chinali choseative wothandizira kolera. Kupeza kumeneku kunathandiza kukhazikitsa njira zogonjetsa matenda, ndipo patapita kolera khalaleka kukhala matenda owopsya, owopsya. Mothandizidwa ndi microscope, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe anachititsa TB, typhoid fever, ndi anthrax zinapezedwanso. Patapita nthawi, asayansi anapanga mankhwala kuti athetse matendawa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - abwenzi ndi adani a anthu.
Zochepa, inde, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - abwenzi ndi adani a munthu.
Kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - abwenzi ndi adani a munthu zimachokera ku masentimita chikwi mpaka miliyita, akhoza kuyang'aniridwa pokhapokha pang'onopang'ono. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timapangidwa ndi selo imodzi (kupatula - ena bowa). Monga zamoyo zonse, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadyetsa ndi kubereka. Mitundu yabwino yamchere kwa iwo ili ndi madzi ambiri (mkaka, broths), komanso nyama, nsomba, ndi zina zotentha. Kutentha kwabwino kwa kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi 37-40 C. Momwemo, pambuyo pa theka la ola chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chikuwonjezeredwa, Maola awiri amachulukanso kasanu ndi kamodzi, ndi zina zotero. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizofala m'thupi: mu 1 ml ya madzi oipitsidwa, mamiliyoni ambiri a tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tingathe kuwona, mu 1 g ya nthaka ya manyowa ali mabiliyoni.
Microflora ya thupi la munthu "imalemera" mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu. Mabakiteriya amakhala pa khungu, mu chiwalo, mu ziwalo za zakudya zamagetsi, kuchita ntchito ya othandizira athu ndi oteteza. "Zoopsa" tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - abwenzi ndi adani a munthu amakhalanso omasuka m'thupi lathu, ndipo pofooka chitetezo amatha ngakhale "kusokoneza", kupangitsa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Adani achinsinsi
Aliyense amadziwa kuti ndi zong'onong'ono ndi kudula ndikofunika kuti mafutawo azikhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: mowa, hydrogen peroxide kapena ayodini, kuti asatuluke tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
M'malo odzaza (metro, zotengerapo zogulitsa, masitolo akuluakulu, maholo owonetsera masewera ndi masewera a kanema), chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chifikira zikwi mazana atatu pa mita imodzi. Kunja, iwo ndi ang'onoang'ono. Asayansi apeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngakhale pamtunda wa mita mamita 1000: mu mita imodzi yamitala ya mpweya wooneka bwino kwambiri uli ndi tizilombo toposa 1500. Ngati muli ndi chitetezo champhamvu, thupi limapambana molimbana ndi magulu osawoneka. Koma ngati chitetezo chikufooka, choipa chilichonse choipa chingayambitse matendawa. Ndiyeno muyenera kumamatira ku ukhondo makamaka mosamala.
Ntchito "manja oyera"
Kusamba m'manja mobwerezabwereza kwa munthu wamakono sikungokhala chizindikiro cha kulera bwino ndi kulondola. Njira yophwekayi imatha kuteteza matenda opatsirana, chifukwa ndi kudzera m'madothi omwe tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo timalowa mthupi lathu. Kusamba m'manja ndi malamulo ena ndi njira imodzi yabwino yopewera, yomwe imasowa sopo komanso madzi otentha kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Masana, timakhala "tikulumikiza" m'manja mwa mabakiteriya - akhoza kukhala pazitali zazitali, zitoliro za subway, pakhomo, makompyuta ndi malo ena. Ndi kudzera m'masamba omwe matenda ambiri opatsirana komanso omwe ali ndi kachilombo amafalitsidwa: ARVI, chimfine, kamwazi, enterobiosis, hepatitis A ndi matenda ena ambiri.
Kodi mumakumbukira kuchokera kuchipatala kuti mutapita kuchimbudzi, komanso pobwerera kwanu kuchokera kunyumba komanso musanadye, mumayenera kusamba manja ndi sopo komanso madzi.
Makamaka ntchito ndi "manja oyera" pa matenda a mliri, panthawi ya kuchuluka kwa matenda a nyengo.
Kodi munawerengera ndalamazo, mukutsitsa zomwe mukugula, kuziyika mu kabati la nsapato, kapena mumasonkhanitsa zinthu zosokonezeka za wophunzira wanu mumsewu? Musaiwale kusamba m'manja - zinthu zonse zomwe mwangogwira sizitsuka bwino. Njira ya mwanayo kuchokera mumsewu kupita kuchipinda kapena khitchini imayenera kulowa mu bafa, mwinamwake chiwombankhanga chanu chimawopsya ndi apulo kapena sandwich kuti mutumize pakamwa komanso mafilimu oipa - abwenzi ndi adani a munthu.
Wotetezera wodalirika motsutsana ndi majeremusi osadziwika - abwenzi ndi adani a munthu - sopo la bactericidal. Lili ndi chigawo cha antibacterial cha triclosan, chifukwa chakuti tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timachotsedwa pamwamba pa manja. Ndicho chifukwa sopo ya bactericidal iyenera kukhala panyumba iliyonse, chifukwa idzakupatsani inu ndi banja lanu chitetezo chodalirika pazochitika zilizonse: pamsewu ndi pikisnicini, paulendo wa msasa komanso ku dacha. Ndizosangalatsanso kuti opanga bactericidal sopo tsopano amapereka zokometsera zosiyanasiyana za mankhwalawa - chifukwa cha kukoma mtima kulikonse. Mukhoza kusankha zomwe zili zabwino kwa inu!