Masiku ano kusuta ndi chizolowezi chofala kwambiri. Koma ngakhale mapeto a zaka za m'ma 1800 asanakhalepo, anthu sankadziwa za fodya. Oyamba kusuta anali opambana a ku Spain a ku Spain. Anzake a Christopher Columbus anakhudzidwa ndi mwambo wa Amwenye akumeneko kuti atembenukire masamba a chipatso chosadziwika mu chubu, kuyatsa moto kumapeto, kutulutsa utsi kudzera pakamwa ndi kumasulidwa pakamwa. Nchifukwa chiani Amwenye akusuta? Mwina, chifukwa cha utsi wa fodya, iwo ankathamangitsa udzudzu akuluma kapena kunyoza fungo la zilombo zakutchire. Amwenye a ku Central ndi South America ankasuta masamba a fodya atakulungidwa m'magulu a kanjedza kapena chimanga, ndipo Amwenye a kumpoto kwa America ankakwera masambawo kuti akhale makapu apadera. Panali ngakhale mwambo wa kusuta wa "mtendere tube" pamene, pambuyo pa kumenyana kwa magazi, otsutsa oyambirira ochokera mafuko osiyana anakhala pansi, mtsogoleriyo anayatsa chitoliro ndikuwapereka kwa mdani wokhala pafupi ndi iye mu chizindikiro cha chiyanjanitso. Iye anaima pang'onopang'ono ndipo anapatsa wolandirayo kwa wotsatira. Kotero chitoliro cha dziko chinapita mu bwalo. Asodzi ena a ku Spain anayamba kutsanzira Amwenye ndipo adayamba kusuta. Kodi mukuganiza kuti anthu a ku Portugal adadabwa bwanji atawona kuti abwera akubwerera, akusiya utsi m'mphuno ndi pakamwa. Anthu oyenda panyanja anabweretsa ku America ambiri zothandiza zomera: mbatata, mpendadzuwa, koma iwo ali ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe linagwidwa ku Ulaya. Ndipo fodya yopanda ntchito imafala pang'ono kudutsa mu Old World, ngakhale kuti kuswana kwake ndi bizinesi yovuta komanso yotsika mtengo. Choyamba pa mbewu zing'onozing'ono m'mabotolo amamera mbande, ndiye kuziika m'munda. Masamba achikulire akugwedezeka ndi manja, amamangidwa ndi zingwe ndi kuimika kwa masiku angapo m'ma dryer akulakalaka. Masamba akatembenukira chikasu n'kukhala ndi fungo labwino, amawuma ndipo amawuma.
Anthu apeza kugwiritsa ntchito fodya moyenera. Mu ulimi, fumbi ya fodya imagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizilombo towononga. Ndipo zimayambira fodya popanda vuto zingathe kudyetsedwa ng'ombe.
Kuwoneka kwa fodya ku Ulaya kukuphatikizapo dzina la nthumwi ya ku France ku Portugal, Jean Niko. Malinga ndi buku lina, ndiye amene adabweretsa fodya ku America. Niko anafafaniza dzina lake m'dzina la mankhwala owopsa omwe anamasulidwa pamene akusuta - chikonga. Nicotine ndi poizoni wamphamvu kwambiri. Phukusi la ndudu 20 lili ndi mamiligalamu 50 a chikonga. Ngati kuchuluka koteroko kulowa mthupi mwakamodzi, poizoniyo idzapha. Kuwonjezera pa chikonga, utsi wa fodya uli ndi mimba zosiyanasiyana, carbon monoxide ndi soti zomwe zimachititsa khansa ya m'mapapo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake ndi zovuta kwa osakhala fodya kukhala m'chipinda chodzaza utsi. Ndizoopsa kwambiri kuyamba kusuta fodya. Osuta fodya amatopa mofulumira, amagona usiku, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mutu. Kusukulu, iwo sali anzeru kwambiri, akuyesetsa kuthetsa mavuto ndikuphunzira zinthu zatsopano. M'kalasi yophunzitsa thupi nthawi zonse amatsalira kumbuyo: sangathe kuthamanga pamtanda, amayamba kugwedezeka. Ndipo palibe funso la kupambana mpikisano!
Zotsatira za kusuta zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zida zazikulu za matenda oopsa. Chizoloŵezi choopsya chimenechi chimayambitsa matenda a mtima, zilonda, matenda aakulu a khansa, emphysema, khansa zosiyanasiyana, makamaka khansara yamapapu. Pakati pa anthu a zaka zapakati pa 30 ndi 40 omwe amasuta, kuperewera kwa myocardial kumachitika kawiri kawiri kuposa omwe alibe chizoloŵezi chotere. Azimayi amene amasuta kawiri kawiri amakhala osowa, ndipo amuna amakula.
Kuchotsa chizolowezichi ndi kovuta kwambiri, ngakhale kwa iwo amene amawafuna molakwika. Kwenikweni, chifukwa chikonga chimayambitsa kudalira kwambiri kwa munthu. Koma kusiya kusiya kusuta nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta chifukwa ndi khalidwe labwino.
Nazi malingaliro kwa anthu omwe asankha kusiya kusuta:
- Dziwani tsiku limene musiya kusuta. Itanani tsiku la thanzi. Ndikoyenera kuti akhale mkati mwa masabata awiri a chisankho.
- Funsani achibale, abwenzi, abwenzi kuti akuthandizeni pa ntchitoyi.
- Zingakhale bwino ngati mutayamba kusuta ndi winawake kuchokera kwa anzanu kuti muthe kugawana bwino kapena kuperewera ndikupeza uphungu wanthawi yake.
- Funsani abwenzi anu kuti akutsutseni mwakupemphani kuti mupemphe kusuta.
- Pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ndudu zosuta fodya imodzi kapena zitatu.
- Yesani kusuta fodya mpaka kumapeto, chifukwa mu gawo lake lotsiriza muli zinthu zoipa kwambiri.
- Musasiye ma stubs mu chipinda, kuwaponyera kutali mwamsanga.
- Nthawi iliyonse yowonjezera kusiyana pakati pa kusuta. Musamangodandaula kwambiri.
- Lekani kugula ndudu, ndipo nthawi zonse muwafunse kwa wina wochokera kudutsa. Pang'ono pang'onopang'ono adzamva manyazi awa, ndipo anthu adzafulumira kumvetsa.
- Nthawi yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wabwino.
- Phunzitsani thupi, lembani gawo la masewera.
- Ngati mukufuna kusuta, yambani mlandu. Zingakhale zolemba zapakhomo komanso zozizira.
- Bweretsani ndudu ndi kutafuna chingamu, osati maswiti.
- Siyani kusuta kamodzi kokha!