Kuchotsa mimba kapena kuperewera kwa mimba kumatchedwa kuchotsa mimba pa nthawi yogonana mpaka masabata 28. Kuthamangitsidwa kusanathe milungu isanu ndi iwiri kumatengedwa mofulumira, patapita nthawi - mochedwa. Kusokonezeka kwa mimba pambuyo pa milungu 28 ndikufikira 38 kumatchedwa kubadwa msinkhu.
Kuchotsa mimba mwadzidzidzi kumachitika popanda kuthandizira, ndipo sikudalira zokhumba za mkaziyo. Kawirikawiri, kuperewera kwa pathupi kumachitika m'masabata 12 oyambirira a mimba.
Zifukwa za kupititsa padera.
Zomwe zimayambitsa mimba zosayembekezereka zimakhala zambiri komanso zosiyana.
Chromosomal yosazindikirika ya kamwana kameneka kamapangitsa kuti padera pakhale mimba yoyamba. Chromosomal zolakwika zimabwera chifukwa cha zolakwika mu ovum kapena spermatozoa kapena pokhudzana ndi mavuto osakhalitsa ogawanitsa zygote.
Matenda opatsirana pa nthawi ya mimba nthawi zambiri amachititsa mimba yokhazikika. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri omwe amapezeka m'masabata oyambirira a mimba. Pakati pa matenda opatsirana, chimfine, chomwe chimakhala chofala kwambiri, chimakhala ndi ntchito yofunikira. Kusokonezeka kwa mimba nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi chiwindi cha matenda opatsirana, kuthamanga kwambiri, ndi rubella, chiwopsezo chofiira, chikuku. Kutuluka kunja kungatheke ndi angina, chibayo, pyelonephritis, appendicitis. Kusokonezeka kwa mimba mu matenda opatsirana kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti: kutentha kwakukulu, kuledzeretsa, hypoxia, kusoĊµa zakudya m'thupi ndi mavuto ena; mu chigawo chimodzi, kusintha kwa dystrophic kumapangidwe, ndi kutaya magazi; Kufooketsa zolepheretsa za chorion ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tingathe kulowa mkati mwa mimba.
Matenda opatsirana opatsirana angathandizenso kuchotsa mimba. Ndi toxoplasmosis, chifuwa chachikulu, brucellosis, syphilis, kuchotsa mimba kumachitika mobwerezabwereza kusiyana ndi matenda oopsa. Ndi mankhwala othetsera matenda aakulu, mimba ikhoza kusungidwa ndipo imakula bwino.
Matenda omwe sali opatsirana angathenso kuthetsa mimba, makamaka matenda aakulu. Matenda oterewa ndi awa: Matenda a mtima omwe ali ndi matenda ozungulira mthupi, matenda a glomerulonephritis aakulu komanso matenda oopsa omwe amawopsa kwambiri. Mimba ingasokonezedwe ngati matenda aakulu a magazi (anemia, khansa ya m'magazi).
Ubwana ndi chimodzi mwa zomwe zimayambitsa mimba. Pogwiritsa ntchito infantilism, pamakhala kusagwiritsidwa bwino kwa ntchito yamagetsi ndi mavitamini ena, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuwonjezereka kwa chiberekero ndi kuchepa kochepa kwa mkati.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa mthupi zimaphatikizapo matenda a neuroendocrine a gland zotchedwa endocrine. Kutuluka padera nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, matenda a shuga, matenda osokoneza bongo komanso ovoda.
Kuledzeretsa kwa thupi nthawi zambiri kumawatsogolera ku imfa ya mimba ndi kupititsa padera. Zoopsa kwambiri ndizowatsogolera, mercury, chikonga, mafuta ndi mankhwala ena oopsa.
Ngati magazi a okwatirana sakugwirizana ndi Rh factor, mwanayo akhoza kutenga ma antigen a bambo ake. Mankhwala a embryo (osagwirizana ndi amayi) akamalowa m'kati mwa thupi la mayi woyembekezera, amathandiza kuti apange ma antibodies enaake. Ma antibodies amalowa m'mimba ndipo amatha kuyambitsa matenda a hemolytic, omwe amachititsa kuti mwana amwalira. Kawirikawiri, pakadali pano, pali kusokoneza kwa kuberekanso. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti thupi limapangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi nthawi yochepa pobereka mimba mobwerezabwereza.
Anomalies a ovum ndi umuna zomwe zimachitika chisanachitike mimba zingathenso kumabweretsa mimba mwachangu.
Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuthetsa mimba ndizochotsa mimba, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda m'thupi, matenda osokoneza bongo komanso matenda ena opweteka. Ndi kukula kwa chiberekero pakubereka mimba, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha m'dera lachiberekero la chiberekero kungathe kuchitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiberekero cha chiberekero chikhale chovuta, pomwe kutenga mimba kumakhala kovuta.
Matenda opweteka a ziwalo zoberekera amachititsa kuti pakhale kusokonezeka kwa mimba. Mofanana ndi kutupa, ntchito kapena dongosolo la endometrium ndilosawonongeka. Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa padera kungakhale njira zothandizira, zochitika zowonongeka m'mimba yaing'ono, yomwe imalepheretsa kukula kwa chiberekero cha mimba.
Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi dongosolo losokonezeka maganizo, kuthetsa mimba kumachitika ndi matenda aakulu. Kuwonongeka kwa thupi - kupweteka, kupweteka, zokambirana - zinthu zonsezi zingathandizenso kuperewera kwa mayi, panthawi ya infantilism, matenda opweteka komanso nthawi zina zolimbikitsa mimba.
Pankhani ya kuchotsa mimba modzidzimutsa, yomwe yabwera chifukwa cha zomwe zimafotokozedwa pamwambapa, zotsatira zake ndizofanana - ntchito ya mgwirizano ya chiberekero ikuwonjezeka. Dzira la fetus limatuluka pang'onopang'ono la chiberekero ndipo limatulutsidwa kunja kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kupwetekedwa ndi ululu wamagazi wosiyana. Kuperewera kwa panthawi yochepa kumakhala kofanana ndi pakalipano pakubereka mwana (chiberekero chimatsegulidwa, masamba amniotic madzi, mwana wamwamuna amabadwa, ndiyeno phokoso)
Chithunzi cha kachipatala chochotsera mimba mwachangu chimadalira nthawi ya mimba, siteji, chifukwa, chomwe chinayambitsa kuthetsa mimba.
Kuti pathupi pathupi patsiku loyamba la mimba likhale lopwetekedwa ndi kupweteka kwa magazi, m'miyezi itatu yachiwiri, zizindikiro zoyambirira za kuperewera kwa pathupi zimapweteka m'mimba m'mimba, kutuluka kwa magazi kumayambira mwana atabadwa. Malingana ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa mimba mwadzidzidzi, pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro za mawonetseredwe ake a chipatala.
Ngati mimbayo imachokera nthawi yaitali, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (staphylococci, streptococci) nthawi zambiri timalowa m'chiberekero, zomwe zimabweretsa chitukuko chochotsa mimba.
Chinthu china chodabwitsa cha kuchotsa mimba mwachangu ndi pulasitiki ya placental. Kusagwirizana kumeneku, komwe kumachitika pamene placenta imakhalabe mu chiberekero cha uterine, nembanemba yomwe imamera ndi minofu yogwirizana ndipo imakhala yolimba kwambiri pamakoma a chiberekero. Kuchokera kuchipatala, amawonetseredwa ndi kutaya kwa magazi kwa nthawi yaitali. Chithandizo chikuchitidwa pozembera uterine.
Poopseza mimba modzidzimutsa, wodwalayo amachiritsidwa mwamsanga. Chipatalachi chimapereka mankhwala othandiza kuthetsa vuto lalikulu la kupititsa padera, komanso kusunga mimba.