Mphumpho ya bronchi mu ana, zizindikiro

Nthendayi ndi matenda aakulu a tsamba lopuma, lomwe limapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lopuma, lolephera kupuma. Nthenda ya mphumu imakhudzidwa ndi 5-10% mwa ana m'mayiko otukuka. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwowopsya kwa ziwalo za mphumu, zomwe zikhoza kutengedwa ndi zinthu zakunja. Kudziwa bwino zachipatala komanso chithandizo cha zamankhwala ngakhale nthawi zosafunika ndizofunika kuti muteteze mavuto aakulu a nthawi yaitali. Momwe matenda a mphumu amafikira mwa mwana, ndipo ndi chithandizo chotani chomwe chikufunidwa, phunzirani mu nkhani yonena za "mphumu yamoto ya ana, zizindikiro."

Phumu ndi matenda opweteka a mlengalenga, momwe zimakhala zovuta kutulukira mpweya m'mapapo ndikuchotsa m'mapapo. Panthawi ya chifuwa cha mphumu, mitsempha ya bronchi, pali kutupa kwa mpweya wa mpweya, mpweya umachepetsedwa, ndipo mkokomo wa magetsi umamveka panthawi yopuma. Nthendayi imakhala ndi ntchentche yamapangidwe. Odwala ambiri a mphumu amakhala ndi mpweya wochepa, wophatikizapo nthawi zina. Zokwanira zimatha kukhala mphindi zingapo mpaka masiku angapo, zimakhala zoopsa ngati kutuluka kwa mpweya kulowa m'thupi kumachepa kwambiri.

Zotsatira za kuukira kwa mphumu kwa ana:

• Kutsekemera kwa ziwalo zoopsa (zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa): ma particles a ubweya wopangira kuchokera ku toyese, nthata zamtundu, nkhungu, mungu wa zomera.
• Matenda opuma.
• Zochita zathupi.
• Mpweya wozizira, utsi wa fodya, kuipitsa chilengedwe.
• Kusokonezeka maganizo.
• Chakudya (zowonjezera zakudya).
• Mankhwala, monga anti-inflammatory drugs ndi aspirin.

Ambiri a asthmatics ali ndi mbiri ya chifuwa - iwowo kapena achibale awo, mwachitsanzo fungo la fever (allergenic rhinitis), komanso eczema. Koma pali asthmatics, momwe palibe wachibale ali ndi mphumu kapena chifuwa.

Zizindikiro

• Hus fever ndi kupuma
• Zimayamba mwadzidzidzi, kawirikawiri zimakhala zokha, zimangowonongeka zokha.
• Awonjezere usiku kapena m'mawa, pambuyo poyesera thupi kapena pozizira.
• Zimapindulitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opweteka (mankhwala osokoneza bongo).
• Kokani ndi phlegm (mucus) kapena opanda.
• Pambuyo pochita zolimbitsa thupi, kupuma kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
• Pamene kupuma, khungu limatengedwa pakati pa nthiti.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimafuna zochitika zadzidzidzi:

• Kuvuta kovuta kupuma.
• Kuwopsya kwakukulu komwe kunayambitsa vuto lopuma.
• Buluu ndi milomo.
• Kawirikawiri kutuluka, thukuta.
• Kugona ndi kusokonezeka panthawi ya chifuwa chachikulu cha mphumu.

Ntchito zakuthupi ndi masewera akunja ndizofunikira kwa ana onse, komanso ana omwe ali ndi chifuwa cha chilengedwe sakhala osiyana, ngakhale kuti 80% amalephera kuchita nawo masewera. Koma musamangodalira mwana yemwe akudwala mphumu ndikumulepheretsani kugwira ntchito mwakhama, makamaka chifukwa chokhala ndi maganizo okhudzidwa ndi maganizo ndi chikhalidwe cha masewera amadziwika bwino. Pambuyo pa nkhawa, aliyense amamva kutopa ndipo amatha kupuma pang'ono. An asthmatic yemwe sanayambe kuchita masewera amatha kutopa kuposa mwana wathanzi. Choncho, m'pofunika kumuzoloŵera masewerawo pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti aphunzire kusiyanitsa kuperewera kwa mpweya wochokera ku chifuwa cha mphumu yakufa. Asthmatics ikhoza kuchita masewera amtundu uliwonse (kupatulapo masewera olimbitsa thupi), koma ena ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa iwo.

Masewera, masewera ndi mpira wa basketball makamaka makamaka amapangitsa mpweya wa bronchi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kusambira padziwe lokhala ndi mpweya wabwino (mpweya wozizira ndi wam'mvula), masewera olimbitsa thupi, galasi, kuyenda mofulumira ndi njinga zamoto popanda kukwera phiri kuli koyenera kwambiri kwa asthmatics. Masewera a masewera ndi masewera ndi masewera, koma amafunikanso kuyesayesa, choncho amalimbikitsanso pamodzi ndi masewera a karate (judo, karate, taekwondo), mipanda, etc. Sizowonjezeka kuti tipite ndi kuthawa kwapopopayi chifukwa pangakhale madontho, Pansi pa madzi, mphumu siingakhoze kuchotsedwa panthawi yake. Zimakhala zovuta kuchita zoyendetsa zovuta zomwe zimafunika kuti pakhale chitetezo, ngati kupuma kuli kovuta. Masewera a m'mapiri (kumapiri, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi zina zotero) ndi vuto chifukwa cha kufunikira kupuma mpweya wozizira komanso wouma, koma akhoza kuchotsedwa pang'ono ndi masikiti ndi helmetti.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mphumu yofatsa, yochepa komanso yovuta. Kwa ana ndi achinyamata, kawirikawiri pamakhala mitundu iwiri yoyamba yomwe imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina. Ndi mafupa aakulu kwambiri a mphumu, zizindikiro zimakhala nthawi zonse. Nthendayi imatha kuwerengedwanso kuchokera pachiyambi: kusiyanitsa pakati pa mphumu (asthma) yomwe imaphatikizapo matenda osokoneza bongo (80% mwa ana) komanso mphumu yosagonjetsa, yomwe imayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo. Zizindikiro izi zingathandizidwenso ndi ena:

• Kuwonjezera kwa mphuno.
• Ululu mu chifuwa.
• Kuzindikira za chifuwa cholimba.
• Kulakwitsa kwa kayendedwe ka kupuma, kuchedwa kudzoza.
• Kutha kwa kanthawi kochepa.
• Kumva kuti ndikutopa.

Kutulukira kwa "mphumu" kumayambira, choyamba, pa maziko a mwana wa anamnesis ndi kukhalapo kwa zizindikirozi zapamwamba. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, m'pofunika kudziwa momwe zimakhalira ndi vutoli: mawonekedwe awo, kusiyana pakati pawo, zochititsa chidwi, kugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, chitukuko chachikulu cha matendawa. Kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane za mbiri yachipatala ya mwanayo ndiyeneranso kupatula matenda ena opuma, zizindikiro zomwe zimafanana ndi zizindikiro za mphumu. Kufufuza koyenera kumapangidwira kuyesa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongedwa kwa ndege; Pachifukwa ichi mphamvu ya m'mapapo (spirometry) imachitika. Komabe, pa phunziro lotero, thandizo la wodwalayo ndilofunika, choncho ndi loyenera kwa ana okalamba kuposa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Kuchiza kwa mphumu

Nsomba zitatu zomwe njira yopangira asthma imayambira:

• Kupewa. Ndikutanthauza kuthawa kwa zinthu zonse zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kugwa.
• Maphunziro. Kuphunzitsa mwana wa chiphunzitso cha mwana ndi makolo ake ndi mwala wapangodya. Ngati mwana akudwala matenda a mphumu, spirometry iyenera kuchitidwa poyang'ana. Izi ndizopanda kuperewera kwa mphamvu ya m'mapapo ndi chiyero cha kupuma. mankhwala othandiza. Ndikofunika kuti makolo amvetse zomwe matendawa ali, kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi zina zotero.
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mitundu itatu ya mankhwala imadziwika: imalepheretsa kupanga zinthu zomwe zimachititsa kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzi zisamayende bwino, ndipo potsirizira pake, amathetsa kutupa komanso kutsekemera kwa bronchi (mwachitsanzo, zotengera za cortisone ndi bronchodilators). Tsopano ife tikudziwa momwe mphutsi ya bronchial mu ana, zizindikiro za matenda awa.