M'mayiko a Kum'mawa kwa Ulaya, pali mitundu yoposa makumi awiri ya mitundu ya zomera zapamwamba. Koma kagawo kakang'ono ka zomera izi, pafupi 2, 5,000, ali ndi machiritso alionse. Komabe, pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya zomera zomwe zili ndi mankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chopeza zipangizo zamakono ndizoyenera billet. Mitengo ya mankhwala imakololedwa kokha pa nyengo yabwino, nyengo youma, masana, pamene chomera chauma kale kuchokera mame kapena mvula yam'mawa.
Ngati zinthu zokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala zimakhala mu ziwalo zamlengalenga, zambiri mwa zomera zoterezi zimakhala masana. Ngati mankhwala ogwira ntchito ali m'miyendo ya pansi pamtunda, ndiye kuti nthawi yamadzulo kapena nyengo sizinasinthe. Pambuyo pake, asanamweke nthawi zambiri amatsukidwa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti panthawi yogulitsa mankhwala, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti tsiku loperekedwa pa kalendala yokolola, komanso pa nthawi yokolola. Mwa njira, mawu akuti "zomera" ochokera ku liwu lachilatini word vegetatio amatanthauza kukula, malo ofunika kwambiri ntchito za zamoyo. Ndipo ziwalo ndi ziwalo zokhazo zazitsamba zazitsamba zimasonkhanitsidwa, momwe zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito zamoyo zimasonkhanitsa panthawi ya zomera. Ngati malamulo awa sakutsatiridwa, ndiye kuti asonkhanitsa zomera zachipatala musanayambe kumwa mankhwala osapatsa mankhwala.
Tiyeni tibwereze kachiwiri - kukolola zomera ndikofunikira nthawi imeneyo pamene adapeza kuchulukitsa kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito ndipo asanakhale nayo nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mu impso, zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito zimachitika nthawi ya kutupa kwawo; mu tubers, mizu ndi rhizomes - nthawi yakucha; ndipo makungwa amtengo wapatali kwambiri kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Kusonkhanitsidwa malinga ndi malamulo a zomera zamankhwala amafunika kusamala mosamala, kuchotsa mwangozi opangidwa popanda mankhwala ndi zonyansa zakunja. Mizu ndi zimayambira ndi ziwalo zakufa kapena zowonongeka zimatsukidwa bwino.
Komanso chimodzi mwa zifukwa zopezera zipangizo zamtengo wapatali ndi kupezeka kwa chidebe chouma, chosasunthika, changwiro. Kusonkhanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zamankhwala mu chidebe chimodzi ndizosayenera.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, impso ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa chaka, pamene zimayamba kukula ndi kutukuka, koma sizinaphulebe. Mu mawonekedwe awa, impso zili ndi zinthu zambiri za basamu ndi tarry. Ngati impso ndi yaikulu, mwachitsanzo, pine, iyenera kudula ndi mpeni. Ngati impso ili yaying'ono, birch, ndiye kuti imapunthidwa pambuyo pake. Impso zimapuma masiku owerengeka, choncho ndibwino kuti zitsirize mapepala awo asanatuluke, kuti impso ikhale yobiriwira, yomwe imasonyeza kuti ikuyamba kufalikira.
Makungwa a mitengo ndi zitsamba zimakonzedwa bwino kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kayendedwe ka timadziti: nthawi zambiri kuyambira April mpaka May. Makungwa pa nthawiyi ndi osiyana ndi nkhuni. Kusonkhanitsa, ndi mpeni ndikofunika kupanga zingapo zing'onozing'ono pa nthambi zazing'ono pamtunda wa 25-30 masentimita. Kenaka, pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yaitali, gwirizanitsani mphetezo ndi kuchotsa makungwawo ngati mawonekedwe a grooves. Sungani bwino kuposa khungwa, momwe chingwe cha cork (gawo lakufa la cortex) sichikupezeka.
Masamba amatha kusonkhanitsidwa bwino kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, kukolola kokha kamene kamakhala masamba ozama, apakati ndi otsika a cauline. Ndikofunika kuyeretsa zipangizo zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosafunika ndi kuziwumitsa.
Udzu uyenera kusonkhanitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa maluwa ake, kudula ndi pruner, chikwakwa kapena mpeni. Ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa zomera, zimagwedezeka ndi scythe yowonongeka, ndipo kenako amasankhidwa kuti asuke.
Mapulorescences ndi maluwa a zomera zowonongeka zimasonkhanitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, kuwapukuta ndi manja awo. Maluwa okha omwe asungunuka kale, koma asanakwane, ali okonzeka.
Olemera kwambiri biologically yogwira zinthu ndi zipatso ndi mbewu . Pankhani imeneyi, amakololedwa atatha kusasitsa. Zipatso zokolola bwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mabokosi kapena matengu, kusinthasintha udzu wamba pamtunda uliwonse kapena, nthawi zambiri, mapepala owuma. Zikakhala choncho, zipatso sizimamatirana pamodzi ndipo sizizima.
Mizu ndi rhizomes ingathe kusonkhanitsidwa osati pokhapokha kufa kwa mbali zam'lengalenga (m'dzinja), koma isanayambe kuphulika (kumayambiriro kwa masika). Pambuyo kukumba, mizu imagwedezeka pansi, mbali ya mlengalenga imadulidwa, mizu yoonda ndi malo owonongeka amachotsedwa. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zosambitsidwa ndi madzi ozizira, zouma pamtunda kapena zowonongeka.
Pokolola bwino mankhwala, amapitirizabe kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika kuti athe kuchiza matenda ena.