Tsopano izi zikuwoneka zosadabwitsa, koma mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 izo sizidziwika kuti magazi a munthu akhoza kukhala osiyana ndi osiyana. Woyamba kufika pamapeto amenewa anali wasayansi wa ku Austria Karl Landsteiner, yemwe mu 1930 anadziwitsa magulu akulu atatu a magazi ndipo analandira mphoto ya Nobel. Patatha zaka ziwiri, ophunzira ake anatsegula gulu lachinayi. Izi zinasintha mankhwala ndikuzifikitsa ku msinkhu watsopano.
Posakhalitsa madokotala okha, komanso akatswiri a zamaganizo anayamba kukhala ndi chidwi ndi magazi. Iwo ankadabwa ngati kusiyana kwake komwe kunalipo kunkagwirizana ndi khalidwe la munthuyo. Makamaka ku Japan kumeneku kwapita patsogolo. Iwo apanga njira yonse yotchedwa Ketsu-eki-gata, yomwe amayesera kuti adziwe momwe munthu alili ndi gulu la magazi. Ndondomekoyi yakhala ikugawanika kwambiri m'dziko la Dzuwa: likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyang'anira antchito polemba antchito ogwira ntchito, antchito a mabungwe okwatirana, akatswiri amalonda. Tiyeni tiphunzirenso momwe tingaganizire magazi omwe angathe kudziwa momwe munthu alili komanso umunthu wake.
Gulu loyamba la magazi 0 (I)
Magazi a gulu lino amaonedwa kuti ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amatuluka m'mitsempha pafupifupi theka la anthu padziko lapansi. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndizosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu aliyense apereke magazi. Amakhulupirira kuti anthu akale omwe anali ndi magazi - omwe anayambitsa chitukuko cha anthu, amadziwika ndi mphamvu zosaneneka ndi kupirira, kotero kuti anatha kuonetsetsa kuti mtunduwu ulipobe.
Iwo anatsogolera njira ya moyo ya osaka ndi osonkhana ndipo ananyamuka mopanda mantha kuti ateteze nyama zawo. Chifukwa chake, tsopano anthu omwe ali ndi gulu loyamba amachedwa "osaka" chifukwa cha makhalidwe ena omwe ali nawo okha:
1. Kupsinjika maganizo. Amatha kudzigwira okha ndipo amakhala odekha komanso anzeru pazovuta kwambiri.
2. Atsogoleri achilengedwe. Musaope kutenga udindo pakupanga chisankho.
3. Wamphamvu ndi wokondweretsa. Amatha kukhazikitsa zolinga, zomwe zimasunthika mosasamala popanda kusamala zotsutsana. Samawononga nthawi ndipo sagwera mavuto. Moyo wawo credo: "Limbani ndi kufunafuna, kupeza ndi kusaleka."
4. Kulakalaka. Amayesetsa kupanga ntchito yopambana ndikukwaniritsa zinthu zazikulu pamoyo wawo. Kupirira mopweteka aliyense, ngakhale kutsutsidwa koyenera. Nsanje kwambiri.
5. Wophunzira komanso wophunzitsidwa. Iwo ali ndi maluso osiyanasiyana ndi luso, mwamsanga kuphunzira chidziwitso chatsopano, kusintha mosavuta mtundu wina wa ntchito kwa wina. Mwa awa, amalonda ogwira bwino, mabanki, otsogolera oyang'anira ndi okonzekera amapezeka.
6. Osasamala komanso osasamala. Sakonda kukakhala pamalo amodzi, amakonda kukwera, nthawi zambiri amatengeka ndi masewero oopsa.
7. Kulankhulana. Pezani mwatsopano anthu atsopano ndipo mwamsanga mupeze chifundo chawo ndi chidaliro. Kawirikawiri ndi moyo wa kampaniyo, uli ndi abwenzi ambiri.
Kwa anthu a gululi amadziwikanso ndi kukondwa kwakukulu, kulunjika, ulamuliro, chiwawa komanso nkhanza. Kawirikawiri amayesetsa kuti akwaniritse zonse kamodzi, koma nthawi zambiri amaponya chiyambi.
Gulu lachiwiri la magazi A (II)
Anthu akale omwe anali ndi magaziwa ankalima malowa ndikudyetserako ziweto, ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wokhala ndi moyo. Choncho, "gulu lachiwiri" ndilo "olima" kapena "alimi" omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chawo.
1. Khalani wodekha komanso wotsutsidwa. Osati kukangana, kawirikawiri kumayambitsa makangano ndi ndewu, yesetsani kuthetsa mavuto onse mwamtendere.
2. Kulankhulana ndi ochezeka. Amapeza mosavuta chilankhulo chimodzimodzi ngakhale ndi umunthu wosasangalatsa, amatha kukambirana, nthawi zonse amakonzeka kuthandizira.
3. Wogwira ntchito komanso wokhutiritsa. Mumaleza mtima akhoza kuchita ngakhale ntchito yosangalatsa kwambiri komanso yovuta. Amadzifunikanso okha ndi ena.
4. Zachuma ndi zachuma. Lemekezani ndalama, musayambe kuziwombera ku mphepo, iwo akhoza kusunga ndi kuwonjezera likulu, amasunga dongosolo m'nyumba ndi kuntchito.
5. Wosamala. Sakonda kusintha zizoloŵezi zawo, kutsogolera, monga malamulo, moyo wokhala chete, sakonda kuyenda ndi maulendo.
Pakuti eni a gulu ili lazi, kukakamiza, chinsinsi ndi zofuna za mkati ndizo khalidwe. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi mtima ndikuvomera mavuto ndi mavuto ena, chifukwa cha nthawi zambiri omwe amadwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuchokera kwa "alimi" amapezeka ndi asayansi abwino kwambiri, madokotala ndi antchito ogwira ntchito.
Gulu lachitatu la magazi B (III)
Anthu akale a gulu la magaziwa adakakamizidwa kuti asinthe malo awo okhala chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Ndipo tsopano oimira gululi ali ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi anthu omwe ali othawa:
1. Yendetsani mwatsatanetsatane ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano. Osintha mosavuta kusintha kwasintha, sakuopa kusamuka kuchoka ku malo kupita kumalo.
2. Ophunzira ndi omenyera nkhondo. Musasamalire kwambiri miyambo ndi maziko a chikhalidwe, mukusankha zatsopano zomwe mwazipeza ndi njira zowonetsera. Zimadziwika ndi malingaliro osagwirizana, malingaliro abwino komanso malingaliro abwino.
3. Kukhumudwa ndi maganizo. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti maganizo amveke pamaganizo. Ndi mutu wobatizidwa muzochitika zomwe mumazikonda, zomwe zili zokonzeka kuthera nthawi yawo yonse komanso ngakhale moyo wanu wonse.
4. Wolimba mtima ndi wotsimikiza. Kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kukayikira, iwo adzathamangira kuteteza zikhulupiriro zawo popanda kuwopa adani awo ndi kukonzekera ngakhale chifukwa cha dzina la kupambana kwa chilungamo.
Iwo amakhalanso ndi kusiyana kwakukulu mu maganizo, kusagwirizana mwa khalidwe ndi zizoloŵezi, kuyesera kawirikawiri kubisala m'dziko lachinyengo la malingaliro awoawo. Kuchokera kwa anthu oterowo kaŵirikaŵiri amapereka amalonda abwino ndi ogulitsa, asayansi - asayansi a zachirengedwe, aphunzitsi, omembala, ogulitsa malonda.
Gulu lachinayi la magazi AB (IV)
Zimakhulupirira kuti mwini wake wa gulu lochepa laziromboli ndi Yesu Khristu Mwiniwake. Anthu omwe amatsutsana, omwe adagwirizana ndi makhalidwe omwe ali oimira magulu atatu oyambirira:
1. Utsogoleri wabwino ndi luso la bungwe, luso loyika chidwi pa kukwaniritsa zolinga ndikudzizungulira nokha ndi anthu omwe ali ndi maganizo ofanana.
2. Kukwanitsa kupeza chiyanjano ndi kuthetsa nkhani mwadzidzidzi.
3. Kuwonetsa malingaliro opanga, malingaliro okhwima ndi luntha, chidziwitso chabwino.
4. Wokondedwa, wochenjera komanso woganizira ena, osasangalatsidwa ndi olakwira. Mphamvu yofulumira kupeza chinenero chofala ndi anthu.
Oimira gululi akhoza kulepheretsedwa ndi kusatsimikizika pakupanga zisankho komanso pochita zinthu pang'onopang'ono ku zochitikazo. Komanso nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi kuponyedwa m'maganizo, komwe kungabweretse mikangano ya mkati, kuphatikizapo matenda.