Mwachitsanzo, m'mayiko okhala ndi chikhalidwe chakumwa - ku France, Italy, Spain - anthu ambiri amamwa kapu ya vinyo tsiku lililonse kuti adye chakudya. Kudalira kumapangidwa. Ngati munthu samatsanulira galasi usiku, amamva chisoni, adzasowa chinachake, ndipo adzayesa kubwezeretsa vutoli, mwachitsanzo mu bar. Pankhaniyi, ngakhale chiwindi cha chiwindi, kapena, monga momwe timanenera, "khalidwe lachikhalidwe." Chinthu chachikulu sichidalira, monga choncho, koma mavuto omwe amachititsa. Pakati pa kudalira ndi zotsatira zoipa - kugwirizana sikunayende. Choncho, mankhwala amakono amatenga malingaliro oterowo: kuledzera sikuli chifukwa chodandaula. Thandizo likufunika ngati pali zotsatira zolakwika pa thanzi ndi umoyo wa moyo. " Mitundu yodalira, zizindikiro za khalidwe lodalira - mutu wa nkhaniyi.
Mfundo yeniyeni
Chisangalalo ndi mawu ofunikira omwe amagwirizanitsa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losiyana siyana. Ena amatha kukana kukhumba kwawo zosangalatsa, ena samatero. "Chikhalidwe chofooka" chikufotokozedwa ndi zifukwa zamaganizo ndi zamaganizo. Freud adayambitsa ndondomeko ya "chisangalalo" ndi "mfundo yeniyeni" mu kuwerenga maganizo. Malinga ndi mfundo ya chisangalalo, moyo wa mwanayo wamangidwa: amafuna kuti atenge zonse mwakamodzi - chakudya, masewero, amayi ake - ndipo ngati sakutero, amalira molakwika. Kukula, munthu amagwirizanitsa, akuphatikiza malamulo a khalidwe, amapanga dongosolo la mkati mwa zowonongeka. Tisanachite kapena kutenga zomwe tikufuna, timaganiza za zotsatira zake. Anthu omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi chodalira amakhala olamulidwa ndi njira yochepa kwambiri: sangathe kudzikana nokha zosangalatsa, ngakhale kudziwa zotsatira zosasangalatsa. Mkazi amathera malipiro ake onse pa zovala zamtengo wapatali, ndipo banja limakhala mwezi umodzi pa pasta. Mwamuna wina amagwira ntchito ku intaneti ndipo amasewera "owombera" maola ambiri, ngakhale kuti mkazi wake akumudikirira kunyumba, ndipo pangakhale phokoso. Nchifukwa chiyani iwo amachita izi? Mwachiwonekere, zinthu zambiri zovuta zimagwira ntchito: majini, kulera, ubongo wamaganizo. Anthu ena sagonjetsedwa ndi mavuto, kupweteka, kuvutika kuposa ena. Winawake amawopa dokotala wa mano mpaka kufika potaya theka la mano ake. Wina amatha kunena mumtima mwake kuti: "Ngati sindinayime pang'ono, ndiye kuti ndiyenera kupirira zowawa zambiri." Mmodzi sangakhoze kuima popanda ndudu ndi tsiku, winayo amasankha kusiya, amaika paketi patebulo ndikusuta fodya limodzi. Wina amadana kuyembekezera, winayo akudikirira mwachidwi. Kulimbitsa thupi, kusakhazikika kwa kayendedwe kabwino ka maganizo makamaka chifukwa cha kusalinganizana kwa msinkhu wa mahomoni ndi odwala matendawa: dopamine, serotonin, adrenaline, endorphins. "
Oledzera ndi Nobel
Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amadwala mankhwala oyenera (kuchokera ku mowa ndi mankhwala) amakhala osasunthika kumbali iliyonse ya dziko, pafupifupi 10-15%. Wodalirika amayamba kusinthidwa mosavuta kuchokera ku chinthu chimodzi mpaka chimzake - kutulutsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri amakhala zidakwa, ndipo mosiyana. Kusiya kusuta, ambiri amayamba kufunafuna maswiti, kutafuna chingamu kapena "zina zowononga". Zotsatira zake zinafotokozedwa ndi Freud, poyambitsa lingaliro la oral autoerotism: mwana amapeza chakudya kudzera pakamwa ndi kulankhulana ndi amayi, ndipo ngati pali njira yothetsera kugonana, munthu nthawi zonse amasangalala ndi zonse zomwe zimagwirizana ndi pakamwa: chakudya, ndudu, kulankhula kosatha. Zosangalatsa zimenezi ndi zotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi zotsika mtengo ndipo nthawi zonse zimayandikira. Mwa njira, imodzi mwa zizolowezi zofala kwambiri za mankhwala padziko lapansi zimachokera ku shuga. Zofufuza za labotale zasonyezedwa kuti makoswe amachepetsa pang'onopang'ono magawo a shuga mu zakudya, amakhala pansi ndi kusowa chidwi ndi ntchito ina iliyonse, makamaka kugonana. Shuga yowonongeka inangokhala zaka 500 mpaka 600 zapitazo, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ntchito yake ikukula mosalekeza: ambiri a German amadya pafupifupi 34 kg shuga pachaka, USA - 78 kg. Ndipo izi sizikuwerengera maswiti ndi mabungwe! Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mankhwala zimakhala ndi zotsatira za matenda osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku khansa ya m'mapapo kuti awononge dongosolo la mitsempha, kuphatikizapo zotsatirapo za kachilombo ka HIV, chifuwa chachikulu ndi chifuwa cha hepatitis. Onse "Oyamba" amadziwa bwino kwambiri, koma ali otsimikiza kuti palibe chomwe chidzachitikire iwo omwe adachita ndi mnzako kapena mnzako. Pali chithunzithunzi chabwino: "Ndigulu liti lomwe liri loopsya kwambiri pa nkhani yauchidakwa? Yankho: Olemba Achimerika ndi alangizi a Nobel. " Ndipo izi ndizoti - msinkhu wochenjera sungakupulumutseni kuti musadalire. "
Kuyandikira kwabwino
Lingaliro la "kudalira" linapezeka mchipatala posachedwapa, ngakhale uchidakwa unkafotokozedwa pakati pa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chimodzi zokha. Tcherani chidwi ndi zizoloŵezi zoledzera pamene gulu linayamba kuyamikira ufulu ndi kudzilamulira kwa munthu aliyense. Kwa nthawi yaitali, uchidakwa umaonedwa kuti ndi khalidwe loipa, lopanda mphamvu, "khalidwe losagwirizana ndi anthu." Tsopano zatsimikiziridwa kuti uwu ndi matenda a ubongo. M'mayiko otukuka, zidakwa ndi osokoneza bongo amachiritsidwa mofanana ndi odwala ena omwe matenda awo amayamba chifukwa cha njira yolakwika ya moyo (mwachitsanzo, omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amayesetsa kuyang'ana McDonald's). Ali ndi ufulu wofanana ndi anthu ena ammudzi, ndipo ali ndi udindo womwewo: amayesedwa chifukwa cha chiwawa kapena chiwawa chapakhomo, koma osati chifukwa cha matenda. Ku USSR, zidakwa zidakakamizidwa kutumizidwa ku LTP pempho la akazi ndipo amathandizidwa ndi chithandizo cha ntchito. Akazi akhoza kumvetsetsedwa. Pa aliyense wa ife pali banja limodzi lodziwika bwino lomwe mwamuna woledzera ali ndi poizoni moyo kwa achibale onse. Koma khalidwe la banja silokwanira. Kwa okwatirana, abwenzi, ana ndi mabwenzi omwe chaka ndi chaka amayesera kulimbana ndi matenda a munthu, pali mawu akuti "kusamalidwa", amafunikira thandizo la maganizo. Njira yabwino kuti munthu wodalirika azidalira ndi kusiya kukhumudwa ndikukhala ndi vuto: "Ngati mukuchitidwa, kapena mutha kusudzulana." Ndiyeno, ndithudi, lingaliro langa kuti ndizikwaniritse. Kuchetsa uchidakwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo sizingatheke, koma zimatha kuletsedwa ndi kulamulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala: naltrexone ndi antabuse. Naltrexone imateteza mapulogalamu ovomerezeka ophika. Mankhwala omwewo amachepetsa chilakolako cha mowa, komabe mphamvu yake si 100%. Chinthu choyipa kwambiri - mankhwalawa amatengedwa ngati mapiritsi, kapena "kusonkhanitsidwa" ngati mawonekedwe pansi pa khungu, ndiye zotsatira zake zidzakhala motalika. Antabus amaletsa kusinthanitsa mowa pokhapokha ngati mowa umasanduka acetic aldehyde, mankhwala owopsa kwambiri omwe amachititsa mavuto ambiri osaneneka: kuwonjezeka kwa mavuto, tachycardia, kudandaula. Ngati chidakwa chomwe chimamwa mowa wa vodka, adzadwala kwambiri. Komabe, sikuti zonsezi zimasiya, kuwonjezera apo, ambiri omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo sakufuna kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Tulogalamu mmalo mwa choyambirira
Kuchiza ndi kuchepetsa kuvulaza mwa kutenga opiates m'mayiko ambiri (kuphatikizapo ku Ukraine), mankhwala opatsirana amagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'mabungwe azachipatala, mankhwala osokoneza bongo (methadone kapena buprenorphine) amapatsidwa mankhwala kapena mankhwala piritsi kamodzi patsiku pansi pa kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Ena amatha kusiya pang'onopang'ono kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa mlingo. Mulimonsemo, maphunziro omwe apangidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo omwe bungwe la WHO linapangidwa, amasonyeza kuti m'mayiko omwe mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito alowa m'malo, chikhalidwe cha chigawenga ndi zachikhalidwe chozungulira madokotala chikukula bwino, ndipo ngakhale mtengo wawo wakuda ukugwera chifukwa cha kuchepa . Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumakhala anthu abwinobwino: Amagwira ntchito, amachiza HIV ndi matenda a chiwindi, amakwatira ndi kukwatira, kulera ana. Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, matenda a maganizo ndi otchuka kwambiri - amagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi. Ntchito ya psychotherapy ndi kukonzanso munthu wodalirika ku zikhulupiliro zina, kumuthandiza kuzindikira "mfundo yeniyeni", adziphunzitse yekha kunena kuti: "Inde, ndikufuna, ndikutha kumwa (kuyimba, kupopera, etc.), koma sindichita, chifukwa ... "Zochitika za ena zimathandiza kwambiri: 25% mwa anthu omwe amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa amakana kumwa mowa. Njira ya psychotherapy imachiritsidwa bwino ndi zina zomwe sizidalira mankhwala (kuchokera ku chakudya, intaneti, njuga). Anthu omwe amasuta shukuta kapena kusuta ndudu imodzi pamlungu, psychotherapy nthawi zambiri safunika. Zochitika zikuwonetsa kuti chosowa chokoleti chikuchepa kwambiri pamene moyo ukukula. Ndigulitsa nkhaniyi ndikuchepetsa thupi.